基于AT91RM9200的嵌入式系统设计
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摘要
在信息技术迅速发展的今天，人们的生活和工作都越来越要求电子设备具有较强的智能化和网络化功能。本人硕士学位论文的研究工作围绕基于AT91RM9200嵌入式系统开发平台的设计与实现展开。
本文先对嵌入式系统的原理与构建进行叙述，在详细分析嵌入式微处理器AT91RM9200的结构特点和功能的基础上，介绍了基于AT91RM9200处理器的嵌入式开发板的硬件设计、调试、底层Boot Loader程序的开发和Linux操作系统移植的过程。具体阐述了电源模块、复位模块、以太网接口、调试接口、音频接口、视频接口等外围接口和SDRAM、FLASH、CF卡等存储模块的设计，以及各模块底层测试程序的编写流程和要点，详细介绍了利用DBUG串口进行基于AT91RM9200处理器的嵌入式系统开发平台的硬件调试过程。此系统经测试稳定可靠。
本开发板使用的AT91RM9200是208引脚QFP封装的高速集成电路，所以必须要在设计硬件电路的时候对布线的抗干扰性需给以足够的考虑。
在实际设计实现中，为提高系统软、硬件整体稳定性和可靠性，使用了以下几种方法：(1)低电压复位、多电容滤波、抗电源抖动能力等技术；(2)多层PCB设计，线路板结构紧凑，电源部分采用数字5V、3.3V、1.8V和模拟3.3V多电源供电；(3)选用表面贴和QFP封装的器件；(4)按照软件工程的要求进行系统分析，规划系统框图、流程分析、模块划分，减小了不同模块的相关性，从而最大限度避免了错误的发生。然后在设计并实现的基础上对系统的改进提出了一些新的方法和建议。
With the fast development of information technology today, intelligent and Ethernet function of electronic devices is much needed in people's life. This paper mainly discusses about the designing and debugging of the embedded development platform based on AT91RM9200.
It introduces the theory and structure of embedded system at first. After explicitly analysis the feature and function of embedded processor AT91RM9200, this paper discusses designing, debugging, Boot Loader development and Linux OS Porting of the embedded development board based on AT91RM9200. Specifically, it explains about the design of Power Module, Reset Module, EMAC interface, DBUG UART, Audio interface, Video interface, SDRAM, FLASH and CF card etc. Also, the main procedure and key points of module test program and hardware debugging with the help of DEBUG UART is delivered. After all, the platform based on AT91RM9200 has been tested of stable running.
AT91RM9200 used in this development board is a 208 pins high speed IC with QFP package. So it is very important to give fully consideration of the anti-interference ability when routing.
To improve the stability of system software and hardware, we introduces the following methods: Low-power reset, multi-capacity filtering, anti-fluctuate power etc; Multi-layer PCB design makes a compact structure, multi-power supply include digital 5V, 3.3V, 1.8V and analog 3.3V; Using QFP packaged chips and surface mount components; Analysis the system according to software engineering. Block diagram planning, flow chart analysis, module cutting and some other measures are also introduced to decrease the correlation of different modules and greatly reduce the happening of error conditions. At last, some new improving method and advice is proposed.
本文先对嵌入式系统的原理与构建进行叙述，在详细分析嵌入式微处理器AT91RM9200的结构特点和功能的基础上，介绍了基于AT91RM9200处理器的嵌入式开发板的硬件设计、调试、底层Boot Loader程序的开发和Linux操作系统移植的过程。具体阐述了电源模块、复位模块、以太网接口、调试接口、音频接口、视频接口等外围接口和SDRAM、FLASH、CF卡等存储模块的设计，以及各模块底层测试程序的编写流程和要点，详细介绍了利用DBUG串口进行基于AT91RM9200处理器的嵌入式系统开发平台的硬件调试过程。此系统经测试稳定可靠。
本开发板使用的AT91RM9200是208引脚QFP封装的高速集成电路，所以必须要在设计硬件电路的时候对布线的抗干扰性需给以足够的考虑。
在实际设计实现中，为提高系统软、硬件整体稳定性和可靠性，使用了以下几种方法：(1)低电压复位、多电容滤波、抗电源抖动能力等技术；(2)多层PCB设计，线路板结构紧凑，电源部分采用数字5V、3.3V、1.8V和模拟3.3V多电源供电；(3)选用表面贴和QFP封装的器件；(4)按照软件工程的要求进行系统分析，规划系统框图、流程分析、模块划分，减小了不同模块的相关性，从而最大限度避免了错误的发生。然后在设计并实现的基础上对系统的改进提出了一些新的方法和建议。
With the fast development of information technology today, intelligent and Ethernet function of electronic devices is much needed in people's life. This paper mainly discusses about the designing and debugging of the embedded development platform based on AT91RM9200.
It introduces the theory and structure of embedded system at first. After explicitly analysis the feature and function of embedded processor AT91RM9200, this paper discusses designing, debugging, Boot Loader development and Linux OS Porting of the embedded development board based on AT91RM9200. Specifically, it explains about the design of Power Module, Reset Module, EMAC interface, DBUG UART, Audio interface, Video interface, SDRAM, FLASH and CF card etc. Also, the main procedure and key points of module test program and hardware debugging with the help of DEBUG UART is delivered. After all, the platform based on AT91RM9200 has been tested of stable running.
AT91RM9200 used in this development board is a 208 pins high speed IC with QFP package. So it is very important to give fully consideration of the anti-interference ability when routing.
To improve the stability of system software and hardware, we introduces the following methods: Low-power reset, multi-capacity filtering, anti-fluctuate power etc; Multi-layer PCB design makes a compact structure, multi-power supply include digital 5V, 3.3V, 1.8V and analog 3.3V; Using QFP packaged chips and surface mount components; Analysis the system according to software engineering. Block diagram planning, flow chart analysis, module cutting and some other measures are also introduced to decrease the correlation of different modules and greatly reduce the happening of error conditions. At last, some new improving method and advice is proposed.
引文
[1] Atmel Corporation, ARM920T-based Microcontroller Data Manual, 2005
[2] Intel, LXT972A 3.3V Dual-Speed Fast Ethernet Transceiver Datasheet, 2001.1
[3] Sumsung, 256Mb E-die SDRAM Specification, Revision 1.1, 2004
[4] Intel, StrataFlash Memory (J3)28F256J3, 28F128J3, 28F640J3, 28F320J3 (x8/x16) Datasheet, 2005
[5] MAXIM, 3.0V to 5.5V Low-Power up to 1Mbps True RS-232Transceivers Using Four 0.1μF External Capacitors, 2003
[6] EPSON Corporation, S1D13506 Color LCD/CRT/TV Controller Technical Manual,2001
[7]邓金龙，万频，周敏等，LCD控制器S1D13506在AT91RM9200嵌入式系统中的应用
[8] American National Standards Institute, Information Technology-AT Attachment Interface with Packet Command Extension(ATA-4), 1995
[9] SanDisk, SanDisk CompactFlash Memory Card, 2005
[10] PHILIPS Corporation, UDA1380 Stereo audio coder-decoder for MD, CD and MP3 datasheet, 2004
[11]万永波，张根宝，F只泽等，基于ARM的嵌入式系统Boot Loader启动流程分析，2005．4
[12]王学龙，嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用，北京：清华大学出版社，2002．3
[13]周得新，张向利，Linux与嵌入式操作系统，桂林电子工业学院学报，2000．12，第20卷第4期
[14]朱玮玮，杨建明，μCLinux-一种嵌入式Linux系统，舰船电子工程2003，第4期
[15]英海燕，基于ARM的嵌入式Linux操作系统移植，现代情报，2005．5，第5期
[16] Integrated Circuit Systems Corporation, ICS1523 Video Clock Synthesizer with I2C Programmable Delay, 2001
[17] TI, REG1117, 800mA and 1A Low Dropout Positive Regulator, 1999
[18] Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, 74LVT245 Low Voltage Octal Bidirectional Transceiver with 3-STATE Inputs/Outputs. 2005
[19] Hynix, GM71V18163C/ GM71VS18163CL, 1,048,576 WORDS x 16 BITCMOS DYNAMIC RAM, 2001
[20] Fairchild semi Corporation, MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator, 2001
[21] Philips Semiconductors, MMBT2222A NPN switching transistor datasheet, 2000.4
[22]马忠梅等，ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础，北京，北京航空航天出版社，2002
[23]周华，徐华，朱均，MSP430与I2C总线接口技术，电子产品世界，2003．4
[24]李刚，数字信号微处理器的原理及其开发应用，天津，天津大学出版社，2000
[25]李华，MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
[26]魏永明，耿岳，钟书毅等译，LINUX设备驱动程序(第三版)，中国电力出版社，2006
[27]周立功，ARM嵌入式系统基础教程，北京，北京航天航空大学出版社，2005
[28]桑兴民，王晓明，姚新文等，基于ARM的最小应用系统设计与开发，微计算机信息，2005
[29]李驹光，ARM应用系统开发详解——基于S3C4510B的系统设计，北京，清华大学出版社，2003
[30]魏忠等，嵌入式开发详解，北京，电子工业出版社，2003
[31]何立民，单片机高级教程，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[32]孙天泽，袁文菊，嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南——基于ARM9处理器，北京，电子工业出版社，2007
[33]谭浩强，C程序设计(第二版)，北京，清华大学出版社，2000
[2] Intel, LXT972A 3.3V Dual-Speed Fast Ethernet Transceiver Datasheet, 2001.1
[3] Sumsung, 256Mb E-die SDRAM Specification, Revision 1.1, 2004
[4] Intel, StrataFlash Memory (J3)28F256J3, 28F128J3, 28F640J3, 28F320J3 (x8/x16) Datasheet, 2005
[5] MAXIM, 3.0V to 5.5V Low-Power up to 1Mbps True RS-232Transceivers Using Four 0.1μF External Capacitors, 2003
[6] EPSON Corporation, S1D13506 Color LCD/CRT/TV Controller Technical Manual,2001
[7]邓金龙，万频，周敏等，LCD控制器S1D13506在AT91RM9200嵌入式系统中的应用
[8] American National Standards Institute, Information Technology-AT Attachment Interface with Packet Command Extension(ATA-4), 1995
[9] SanDisk, SanDisk CompactFlash Memory Card, 2005
[10] PHILIPS Corporation, UDA1380 Stereo audio coder-decoder for MD, CD and MP3 datasheet, 2004
[11]万永波，张根宝，F只泽等，基于ARM的嵌入式系统Boot Loader启动流程分析，2005．4
[12]王学龙，嵌入式Linux系统设计与应用，北京：清华大学出版社，2002．3
[13]周得新，张向利，Linux与嵌入式操作系统，桂林电子工业学院学报，2000．12，第20卷第4期
[14]朱玮玮，杨建明，μCLinux-一种嵌入式Linux系统，舰船电子工程2003，第4期
[15]英海燕，基于ARM的嵌入式Linux操作系统移植，现代情报，2005．5，第5期
[16] Integrated Circuit Systems Corporation, ICS1523 Video Clock Synthesizer with I2C Programmable Delay, 2001
[17] TI, REG1117, 800mA and 1A Low Dropout Positive Regulator, 1999
[18] Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, 74LVT245 Low Voltage Octal Bidirectional Transceiver with 3-STATE Inputs/Outputs. 2005
[19] Hynix, GM71V18163C/ GM71VS18163CL, 1,048,576 WORDS x 16 BITCMOS DYNAMIC RAM, 2001
[20] Fairchild semi Corporation, MC78XX/LM78XX/MC78XXA3-Terminal 1A Positive Voltage Regulator, 2001
[21] Philips Semiconductors, MMBT2222A NPN switching transistor datasheet, 2000.4
[22]马忠梅等，ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础，北京，北京航空航天出版社，2002
[23]周华，徐华，朱均，MSP430与I2C总线接口技术，电子产品世界，2003．4
[24]李刚，数字信号微处理器的原理及其开发应用，天津，天津大学出版社，2000
[25]李华，MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
[26]魏永明，耿岳，钟书毅等译，LINUX设备驱动程序(第三版)，中国电力出版社，2006
[27]周立功，ARM嵌入式系统基础教程，北京，北京航天航空大学出版社，2005
[28]桑兴民，王晓明，姚新文等，基于ARM的最小应用系统设计与开发，微计算机信息，2005
[29]李驹光，ARM应用系统开发详解——基于S3C4510B的系统设计，北京，清华大学出版社，2003
[30]魏忠等，嵌入式开发详解，北京，电子工业出版社，2003
[31]何立民，单片机高级教程，北京，北京航空航天大学出版社，2001
[32]孙天泽，袁文菊，嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南——基于ARM9处理器，北京，电子工业出版社，2007
[33]谭浩强，C程序设计(第二版)，北京，清华大学出版社，2000