基于介质加载SIW的H面喇叭天线及其阵列研究
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摘要
基片集成波导技术是近年来提出的一种插入损耗小、辐射低、功率容量高、集成于介质基片中的新型导波结构。矩形波导喇叭天线具有方向图对称、增益高等优点,本文采用基片集成波导技术实现了H面矩形喇叭天线,在喇叭口径处加载介质增加方向图在EH面的聚焦效果,从而提高增益。详细考察了介质块尺寸和形状对方向图的影响,发现介质块不仅可以在方向图的E面产生聚焦效果,而且能够矫正H面喇叭本身结构原因所造成的口径处的相位误差,从而增加H面产生聚焦效果。基于这一点同样口径尺寸的H面喇叭天线可以进一步缩小纵向长度。在取得较好的仿真结果之后进行了实物加工,测试的结果和仿真结果吻合较好。
另外我们用基片集成波导H面介质加载喇叭天线作为天线阵元进行了单脉冲阵列的研究,用基片集成波导一维单脉冲比较网络作为馈电网络,取得了较好的仿真结果。又进一步设计了一个二维单脉冲比较网络,仿真结果符合预期。
本文仿真结果皆采用Ansoft HFSSll仿真。
Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed in recent years. It has many advantages, like low insertion loss, low radiation, and high power capacity. The rectangular waveguide horn antennas were found many applications due to their excellent radiation properties such as symmetrical patterns, high gain, and easy fabrication. In the thesis substrate integrated waveguide technology was used to implement the H plane horn antenna. In front of the horn aperture, dielectric was loaded to improve the directivity of the antenna. The effect of dielectric block to the radiation pattern was inspected. The dielectric block makes the radiation pattern focus not only in E plane but also in H plan. In particular, the dielectric block can correct the phase error which caused by the structure of the horn antenna in H plane. Based on this, the length of the horn can be further decreased. The results from the simulation and those from the measurement are in good agreement.
In addition, a one-dimensional SIW monopulse antenna array was developed and good simulation results were obtained. Furthermore a two-dimensional monopulse network was designed.
In the thesis all of the simulation results are simulated by Ansoft HFSS11
另外我们用基片集成波导H面介质加载喇叭天线作为天线阵元进行了单脉冲阵列的研究,用基片集成波导一维单脉冲比较网络作为馈电网络,取得了较好的仿真结果。又进一步设计了一个二维单脉冲比较网络,仿真结果符合预期。
本文仿真结果皆采用Ansoft HFSSll仿真。
Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology is proposed in recent years. It has many advantages, like low insertion loss, low radiation, and high power capacity. The rectangular waveguide horn antennas were found many applications due to their excellent radiation properties such as symmetrical patterns, high gain, and easy fabrication. In the thesis substrate integrated waveguide technology was used to implement the H plane horn antenna. In front of the horn aperture, dielectric was loaded to improve the directivity of the antenna. The effect of dielectric block to the radiation pattern was inspected. The dielectric block makes the radiation pattern focus not only in E plane but also in H plan. In particular, the dielectric block can correct the phase error which caused by the structure of the horn antenna in H plane. Based on this, the length of the horn can be further decreased. The results from the simulation and those from the measurement are in good agreement.
In addition, a one-dimensional SIW monopulse antenna array was developed and good simulation results were obtained. Furthermore a two-dimensional monopulse network was designed.
In the thesis all of the simulation results are simulated by Ansoft HFSS11
引文
[1] R.M.Barrett and M.H.Barnes.Microwaves Printed circuits.Radio Telev., septempter 1952
[2] R.M.Barrett.Etched sheets serve as microwave components.Electronics, June l952
[3] Deslandes, D., and Wu, K., "Integrated transition of coplanar to rectangular waveguides", IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., February 2001, pp. 619-622.
[4] Cassivi, Y., Perregrini, L., Arcioni, P. et al., "Dispersion characteristics of substrate integrated rectangular waveguide", IEEE Microw. Wirel.Compon. Lett., vol.12, no.9, 2002, pp. 333-335.
[5] Tseng, C.-H., and Chu, T.-H., "Measurement of frequency-dependent equivalent width of substrate integrated waveguide", IEEE Trans. Microw.Theory Tech., vol.54, no.4, 2006, pp. 1431-1437.
[6] Xu, F., and Wu, K., "Guided-wave and leakage characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.53, no.1,2005, pp. 66-73.
[7] Deslande, D., and Wu, K., "Single-substrate integration technique ofplanar circuits and waveguide filters", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.,vol.51, no.2, 2003, pp. 593-596.
[8] Zeid, A., and Baudrand, H., "Electromagnetic scattering by metallic holes and its applications in microwave circuit design", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.50, no.4, 2002, pp. 1198-1206.
[9] Yan, L., Hong, W., Hua, G. et al., "Simulation and experiment on SIW slot array antenna", IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol.14, no.9,2004, pp. 446-448.
[10] Deslandes, D., and Wu, K., "Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form", IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol.11, 2001,pp. 68-70.
[11] Xu, R, Wu, K., Hong, W., "Domain-decomposition FDTD algorithm combined with numerical TL calibration technique and its application in parameter extraction of substrate integrated", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.54, no.l, 2006, pp. 329-338.
[12] Z.L.Li and K.Wu, "An new approach to integrated horn antenna," Proc.Inter. Symp. on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, July,2004, pp.535-538.
[13] Wenquan Che, Bing Fu, Ping Yao and Y. L. Chow, "Substrate Integrated wave- guide (SIRW) Horn Antenna with Dielectric Lens", January 2007, pp. 168-170
[14] Xu R, Wu K., Hong W., "Domain-decomposition FDTD algorithm com-bined with num erical TL calibration technique and its application in pa-rameter extraction of substrate integ- rated", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.54, no.l, pp. 329-338, 2006.
[15]R.E.Collin and F.J.Zucker,Antenna Theory,Part 2,McGraw-Hill Book Company,1969.
[16]L.Xue and V.Fusco,Patch fed planar dielectric slab extended hemielliptical lens antenna",IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag.,vol.56,no.3,2008,pp.661-666.
[17]Y J Cheng,W Hong.,Wu K.,Design of a Monopulse Antenna Using a Dual V-Type Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna(DVLTSA) ",IEEE Microwaves Antennas Propag.,vol.56,no.9,2008,pp.2903-2906.
[18]Y.J.Cheng,W.Hong and Wu K.,Millimetre-wave monopulse antenna incorpor -ating incorporating substrate integrated waveguide phase shifter,IEEE Microwaves Antennas Propag.,vol.56,no.10,2008,pp.2901-2907.
[19]W.Che,K.Deng,D.Wang and Y.L.Chow,"Analytical equivalence between substrate-integrated waveguide and rectangular waveguide",IET Trans.Antennas Propag.,vol.2,no.1,2008,pp.35-41.
[20]E.Charles.Waves in active and passive periodic structure:A review.Proceedings of IEEE,December 1976,64(12):1666-1698.
[21]C.Yeh,K.F.Casey,and Z.A Kaprielian.Transverse magnetic wave propagation in Sinusoidally stratified dielectric media.IEEE Trans.Mierowave Theory Tech.,May 1965,PP.297-302.
[22]C.K.Birdsall and R.M.White.Experiments with the forbidden region of open periodic structures:Application to absorptive filters.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,March 1964,pp.197-202.
[23]S.T.Peng,T.Tamir,and H.L.Bertoni.Theory of periodic dielectric waveguides.IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Thec.,January 1975,pp.123-133.
[24]T.Tamir.Microwave modeling of optical periodic waveguide.IEEE Trans.,Microwave Theory Thec.,September 1981,pp.979-983.
[25]M.Tsuji,S.Masumoto,and et al.Guided-wave experiments with dielectric wave-guides having finite periodic corrugation.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,April 1983,pp.337-343.
[26]H.Shigesawa and,M Tsuji.A new equivalent network method for analizing discontinuity properties of open dielectric waveguides.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,January 198-9.pp.3-13.
[27]A.K.Mallick and G.S.Sanyal.Electromagnetic wave propagation in a rectangular waveguide with sinusoidally varying with.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,April 1978,PP.243-249.
[28]姚德森、毛均杰。微波技术基础。电子工业出版社,北京,1989.
[29]Tung Tsang.Classical Electrodynamics.World Scientific,Singapore,1997
[30]张克潜、李德杰.微波与光电子学中的电磁理论.电子工业出版社,北京,1979.
[31]R.F.Harrington.Time-Harmaonic Electromagnetic Fields.,McGraw-Hill,New York,1961.
[32]D.Dellands and K.WU.Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form.IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon.lett,February 2001,pp.68-70.
[33]李皓、华光等。基片集成波导和微带转换器的理论与实验研究。电子学报,2003,31(12A):2002-2004.
[34]K Wu,F Boone.Guided-wave properties of synthesized nonradiative dielectric waveguide for substrate integrated circuits(SICs)[C].In..IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest,2001,Vol2.723-726
[35]H Li,W Hong,et al.Substrate integrated waveguide based on LTCC[A].IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest[C].Philadelphia,USA:IEEE,2003.2045-2048.
[36]Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu,Analysis and Design of Current Probe Transition from Grounded Coplanar to Substrate Integrated Rectangular Waveguides,IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Vol.53,NO.8,August 2005:2487-2494
[37]Hiroshi Uchimura,Takeshi Takenoshita and Mikio Fujii,Development of a "Laminated Waveguide",IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Vol.46,NO.12,December 1998:2438-2443
[38]A.G.Williamson.Cross-coupled coaxial-line/rectangular-waveguide junction,IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,March 1979,33(3):277-280.
[39]Sherman S M.Monopulse Priciples and Technique[M].Dedham,MA:Arech House 1984
[40]Fang D G.Antenna Theory and Micropstrip Antennas[M].Science Press,Beijing.2006.292-302.
[41]Yin G H,Sekerka-Bajious M A.Design of symmetric and asymmetric passive 3-branch power dividers by beam propagation method[J].Electronics Letters,IEE.1998,24(25):1584-1586
[42]Abouzahra M D,Gupta K C.Multi-way unequal power divider circuits using sector- shaped plannar components[C].Microwave Symposium Digest,1989.,IEEE MTTS International.1989(1):321-324
[43]Kumar P B,Branner G R,Razmafrouz G,et al.Optimization of microwave T junction power -divider circuits[C].Circuits and Systems,Proceedings of the 37th Midwest Symposium on.1994(2):1235-1237
[44]Joubert J,Rengrajan S R.Design of unequal H-plane waveguide-power dividers for array application[C].Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,AP-S Digest.1996(3):1636-1639
[45]Kimura Y,Takahashi M,Hirkawa J,et al.76GHz alternating-phase fed single-layer slotted waveguide arrays with suppressed side-lobes in the E-plane[C].Antennas and Propagation So- ciety International Symposium,IEEE.2003(3):1024-1045
[46]Ando M,Hirokawa J,Yamamoto T,et al.Novel single-layer waveguides for high Efficiency millimeter-wave arrays[J].Microwave Theory and Techniques,IEEE Transactions on.1998,46(6):625-630
[47]Pandharipande V M,Das B N.Equivalent Circuit of a Narrow-Wall Waveguide Slot Coupler [J].Microwave Theory and Tecniques,IEEE Transactions on.1979,27(9):800-804
[48]Schmiedel H,Arndt F.Field Theory Design of Rectangular Waveguide Multiple Slot Coupler [J].Microwave Theory and Techniques,IEEE Transcations on.1986,34(7):791-798.
[49]Satyanarayana D,chakraborty A.Analysis of wide inclined slot coupled narrow wall coupler between dissimilar rectangular waveguides[J].Microwave Theory and T echniques,IEEE Transaction on.1994,42(5):914-917
[50]刘冰 阵列天线与馈电网络的共面集成新技术研究[M].东南大学博士论文,2005.100-107
[51]D.M.Pozar,Microwave Engineering,Second Edition,John Wiley Sons,Inc.1998.
[52]Singh A K.A low cost,low side lobe and high efficiency non-orthogonally coupled sloted waveguide array antenna for monopulse radar tracking[C].Antenna and Propagation Society International Symposium,2005 IEEE.2005(3A):732-735
[53]刘涓,吕善伟.一种新型宽频带单脉冲天馈系统[J].北京航空航天大学学报.27(5):499-502
[54]徐道立.单脉冲低副瓣天线馈源系统[J].现代雷达.1999(2):71-75
[55]方大纲,陈晓光,盛卫星,et al.一种结构紧凑的新型微带单脉冲天线阵[J].南京理工大学学报.2003,27(5):473-477
[56]林南枝.几种波导裂缝电桥比较[J].微波学报.1992(4).pp:68-72
[57]虞萍.矩形波导TE10、TEM电桥[J].现代雷达.1992(1).PP:110
[2] R.M.Barrett.Etched sheets serve as microwave components.Electronics, June l952
[3] Deslandes, D., and Wu, K., "Integrated transition of coplanar to rectangular waveguides", IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., February 2001, pp. 619-622.
[4] Cassivi, Y., Perregrini, L., Arcioni, P. et al., "Dispersion characteristics of substrate integrated rectangular waveguide", IEEE Microw. Wirel.Compon. Lett., vol.12, no.9, 2002, pp. 333-335.
[5] Tseng, C.-H., and Chu, T.-H., "Measurement of frequency-dependent equivalent width of substrate integrated waveguide", IEEE Trans. Microw.Theory Tech., vol.54, no.4, 2006, pp. 1431-1437.
[6] Xu, F., and Wu, K., "Guided-wave and leakage characteristics of substrate integrated waveguide", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.53, no.1,2005, pp. 66-73.
[7] Deslande, D., and Wu, K., "Single-substrate integration technique ofplanar circuits and waveguide filters", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech.,vol.51, no.2, 2003, pp. 593-596.
[8] Zeid, A., and Baudrand, H., "Electromagnetic scattering by metallic holes and its applications in microwave circuit design", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.50, no.4, 2002, pp. 1198-1206.
[9] Yan, L., Hong, W., Hua, G. et al., "Simulation and experiment on SIW slot array antenna", IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol.14, no.9,2004, pp. 446-448.
[10] Deslandes, D., and Wu, K., "Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form", IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett., vol.11, 2001,pp. 68-70.
[11] Xu, R, Wu, K., Hong, W., "Domain-decomposition FDTD algorithm combined with numerical TL calibration technique and its application in parameter extraction of substrate integrated", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.54, no.l, 2006, pp. 329-338.
[12] Z.L.Li and K.Wu, "An new approach to integrated horn antenna," Proc.Inter. Symp. on Antenna Technology and Applied Electromagnetics, July,2004, pp.535-538.
[13] Wenquan Che, Bing Fu, Ping Yao and Y. L. Chow, "Substrate Integrated wave- guide (SIRW) Horn Antenna with Dielectric Lens", January 2007, pp. 168-170
[14] Xu R, Wu K., Hong W., "Domain-decomposition FDTD algorithm com-bined with num erical TL calibration technique and its application in pa-rameter extraction of substrate integ- rated", IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech., vol.54, no.l, pp. 329-338, 2006.
[15]R.E.Collin and F.J.Zucker,Antenna Theory,Part 2,McGraw-Hill Book Company,1969.
[16]L.Xue and V.Fusco,Patch fed planar dielectric slab extended hemielliptical lens antenna",IEEE Trans.Antennas Propag.,vol.56,no.3,2008,pp.661-666.
[17]Y J Cheng,W Hong.,Wu K.,Design of a Monopulse Antenna Using a Dual V-Type Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna(DVLTSA) ",IEEE Microwaves Antennas Propag.,vol.56,no.9,2008,pp.2903-2906.
[18]Y.J.Cheng,W.Hong and Wu K.,Millimetre-wave monopulse antenna incorpor -ating incorporating substrate integrated waveguide phase shifter,IEEE Microwaves Antennas Propag.,vol.56,no.10,2008,pp.2901-2907.
[19]W.Che,K.Deng,D.Wang and Y.L.Chow,"Analytical equivalence between substrate-integrated waveguide and rectangular waveguide",IET Trans.Antennas Propag.,vol.2,no.1,2008,pp.35-41.
[20]E.Charles.Waves in active and passive periodic structure:A review.Proceedings of IEEE,December 1976,64(12):1666-1698.
[21]C.Yeh,K.F.Casey,and Z.A Kaprielian.Transverse magnetic wave propagation in Sinusoidally stratified dielectric media.IEEE Trans.Mierowave Theory Tech.,May 1965,PP.297-302.
[22]C.K.Birdsall and R.M.White.Experiments with the forbidden region of open periodic structures:Application to absorptive filters.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,March 1964,pp.197-202.
[23]S.T.Peng,T.Tamir,and H.L.Bertoni.Theory of periodic dielectric waveguides.IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Thec.,January 1975,pp.123-133.
[24]T.Tamir.Microwave modeling of optical periodic waveguide.IEEE Trans.,Microwave Theory Thec.,September 1981,pp.979-983.
[25]M.Tsuji,S.Masumoto,and et al.Guided-wave experiments with dielectric wave-guides having finite periodic corrugation.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,April 1983,pp.337-343.
[26]H.Shigesawa and,M Tsuji.A new equivalent network method for analizing discontinuity properties of open dielectric waveguides.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,January 198-9.pp.3-13.
[27]A.K.Mallick and G.S.Sanyal.Electromagnetic wave propagation in a rectangular waveguide with sinusoidally varying with.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,April 1978,PP.243-249.
[28]姚德森、毛均杰。微波技术基础。电子工业出版社,北京,1989.
[29]Tung Tsang.Classical Electrodynamics.World Scientific,Singapore,1997
[30]张克潜、李德杰.微波与光电子学中的电磁理论.电子工业出版社,北京,1979.
[31]R.F.Harrington.Time-Harmaonic Electromagnetic Fields.,McGraw-Hill,New York,1961.
[32]D.Dellands and K.WU.Integrated microstrip and rectangular waveguide in planar form.IEEE Microwave Wireless Compon.lett,February 2001,pp.68-70.
[33]李皓、华光等。基片集成波导和微带转换器的理论与实验研究。电子学报,2003,31(12A):2002-2004.
[34]K Wu,F Boone.Guided-wave properties of synthesized nonradiative dielectric waveguide for substrate integrated circuits(SICs)[C].In..IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest,2001,Vol2.723-726
[35]H Li,W Hong,et al.Substrate integrated waveguide based on LTCC[A].IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest[C].Philadelphia,USA:IEEE,2003.2045-2048.
[36]Dominic Deslandes and Ke Wu,Analysis and Design of Current Probe Transition from Grounded Coplanar to Substrate Integrated Rectangular Waveguides,IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Vol.53,NO.8,August 2005:2487-2494
[37]Hiroshi Uchimura,Takeshi Takenoshita and Mikio Fujii,Development of a "Laminated Waveguide",IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques,Vol.46,NO.12,December 1998:2438-2443
[38]A.G.Williamson.Cross-coupled coaxial-line/rectangular-waveguide junction,IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,March 1979,33(3):277-280.
[39]Sherman S M.Monopulse Priciples and Technique[M].Dedham,MA:Arech House 1984
[40]Fang D G.Antenna Theory and Micropstrip Antennas[M].Science Press,Beijing.2006.292-302.
[41]Yin G H,Sekerka-Bajious M A.Design of symmetric and asymmetric passive 3-branch power dividers by beam propagation method[J].Electronics Letters,IEE.1998,24(25):1584-1586
[42]Abouzahra M D,Gupta K C.Multi-way unequal power divider circuits using sector- shaped plannar components[C].Microwave Symposium Digest,1989.,IEEE MTTS International.1989(1):321-324
[43]Kumar P B,Branner G R,Razmafrouz G,et al.Optimization of microwave T junction power -divider circuits[C].Circuits and Systems,Proceedings of the 37th Midwest Symposium on.1994(2):1235-1237
[44]Joubert J,Rengrajan S R.Design of unequal H-plane waveguide-power dividers for array application[C].Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium,AP-S Digest.1996(3):1636-1639
[45]Kimura Y,Takahashi M,Hirkawa J,et al.76GHz alternating-phase fed single-layer slotted waveguide arrays with suppressed side-lobes in the E-plane[C].Antennas and Propagation So- ciety International Symposium,IEEE.2003(3):1024-1045
[46]Ando M,Hirokawa J,Yamamoto T,et al.Novel single-layer waveguides for high Efficiency millimeter-wave arrays[J].Microwave Theory and Techniques,IEEE Transactions on.1998,46(6):625-630
[47]Pandharipande V M,Das B N.Equivalent Circuit of a Narrow-Wall Waveguide Slot Coupler [J].Microwave Theory and Tecniques,IEEE Transactions on.1979,27(9):800-804
[48]Schmiedel H,Arndt F.Field Theory Design of Rectangular Waveguide Multiple Slot Coupler [J].Microwave Theory and Techniques,IEEE Transcations on.1986,34(7):791-798.
[49]Satyanarayana D,chakraborty A.Analysis of wide inclined slot coupled narrow wall coupler between dissimilar rectangular waveguides[J].Microwave Theory and T echniques,IEEE Transaction on.1994,42(5):914-917
[50]刘冰 阵列天线与馈电网络的共面集成新技术研究[M].东南大学博士论文,2005.100-107
[51]D.M.Pozar,Microwave Engineering,Second Edition,John Wiley Sons,Inc.1998.
[52]Singh A K.A low cost,low side lobe and high efficiency non-orthogonally coupled sloted waveguide array antenna for monopulse radar tracking[C].Antenna and Propagation Society International Symposium,2005 IEEE.2005(3A):732-735
[53]刘涓,吕善伟.一种新型宽频带单脉冲天馈系统[J].北京航空航天大学学报.27(5):499-502
[54]徐道立.单脉冲低副瓣天线馈源系统[J].现代雷达.1999(2):71-75
[55]方大纲,陈晓光,盛卫星,et al.一种结构紧凑的新型微带单脉冲天线阵[J].南京理工大学学报.2003,27(5):473-477
[56]林南枝.几种波导裂缝电桥比较[J].微波学报.1992(4).pp:68-72
[57]虞萍.矩形波导TE10、TEM电桥[J].现代雷达.1992(1).PP:110