毫米波接收机前端研究
摘要
由于微波频谱的日益拥挤,以及红外和光系统在恶劣环境和夜间工作的局限,加快了对毫米波的研究和应用。此外,毫米波本身所固有的特点也促进了毫米波系统在军事和民用领域的发展。毫米波接收技术也随之快速发展。
本论文研究了毫米波频段接收机前端子系统。该接收机前端子系统采用固定本振的超外差结构,其射频输入信号频率范围35.3-36.5GHz,本振频率34GHz。其中接收链路由低噪声放大器、射频前端预选滤波器、混频器、中频放大器和中频放大器组成,本振链路由倍频器、放大器和滤波器组成。
论文仔细地分析了毫米波接收机前端系统的设计方案,根据系统的设计目标阐述了该毫米波前端子系统的指标分配。重点分析了滤波器、低噪声放大器以及混频器等电路的工作原理和设计方法。结合各器件的具体指标要求给出了各独立器件详细设计过程。
对制作的接收机前端子系统进行了系统的测试,取得了良好的测试结果。该接收机前端系统的噪声系数小于3.4dB,增益优于17.6dB,镜像抑制度大于40dB。最后,针对系统不足之处进行了综合深入的分析并提出改进意见。特别讨论了用基片集成波导滤波器替代波导滤波器,来作为系统射频前端预选滤波器的小型化改进方案。
The exploitation of millimeter wave is promoted by both the increasingly congested microwave spectral region and the limitations of infrared and optical systems when working under harsh environment and night time. On the other side, because of characteristics of millimeter wave, it has established itself in a wide range of military and civil practical applications. The millimeter-wave receiving technique has acquired considerable progress.
The dissertation researches a millimeter-wave receiver front-end subsystem. This subsystem uses the superheterodyne architecture of a fixed local oscillator. The frequency range of RF input signal is 35.3-36.5GHz and the LO frequency is 34GHz. The receiving link of the subsystem is composed by a low-noise amplifier, RF front-end pre-filter, mixer, IF filter and IF amplifier. The local oscillator chain is composed by the frequency multiplier, amplifier and filter.
The design of millimeter-wave receiver front-end system is carefully analyzed. according to the design goals of system, The indicators’assigning of millimetre-wave receiver front-end subsystem is described. Then the dissertion focuses on the analysis of the working principle and engineering design methods of filter and solid-state circuitry including low-noise amplifier and mixer, etc. Combining with the specific requirements of this design , it also gives the design process of the independent device.
The receiver front-end subsystem has been tested. The testing results: noise figure is less than 3.4dB, gain is better than 17.6dB, image rejection is greater than 40dB. Finally, aiming at the inadequacies of the system, a plan of design is proposed. As a RF front-end pre-filter, a small inprovements program which replace waveguide filters by substrate integrated waveguide filter is dicussed.
本论文研究了毫米波频段接收机前端子系统。该接收机前端子系统采用固定本振的超外差结构,其射频输入信号频率范围35.3-36.5GHz,本振频率34GHz。其中接收链路由低噪声放大器、射频前端预选滤波器、混频器、中频放大器和中频放大器组成,本振链路由倍频器、放大器和滤波器组成。
论文仔细地分析了毫米波接收机前端系统的设计方案,根据系统的设计目标阐述了该毫米波前端子系统的指标分配。重点分析了滤波器、低噪声放大器以及混频器等电路的工作原理和设计方法。结合各器件的具体指标要求给出了各独立器件详细设计过程。
对制作的接收机前端子系统进行了系统的测试,取得了良好的测试结果。该接收机前端系统的噪声系数小于3.4dB,增益优于17.6dB,镜像抑制度大于40dB。最后,针对系统不足之处进行了综合深入的分析并提出改进意见。特别讨论了用基片集成波导滤波器替代波导滤波器,来作为系统射频前端预选滤波器的小型化改进方案。
The exploitation of millimeter wave is promoted by both the increasingly congested microwave spectral region and the limitations of infrared and optical systems when working under harsh environment and night time. On the other side, because of characteristics of millimeter wave, it has established itself in a wide range of military and civil practical applications. The millimeter-wave receiving technique has acquired considerable progress.
The dissertation researches a millimeter-wave receiver front-end subsystem. This subsystem uses the superheterodyne architecture of a fixed local oscillator. The frequency range of RF input signal is 35.3-36.5GHz and the LO frequency is 34GHz. The receiving link of the subsystem is composed by a low-noise amplifier, RF front-end pre-filter, mixer, IF filter and IF amplifier. The local oscillator chain is composed by the frequency multiplier, amplifier and filter.
The design of millimeter-wave receiver front-end system is carefully analyzed. according to the design goals of system, The indicators’assigning of millimetre-wave receiver front-end subsystem is described. Then the dissertion focuses on the analysis of the working principle and engineering design methods of filter and solid-state circuitry including low-noise amplifier and mixer, etc. Combining with the specific requirements of this design , it also gives the design process of the independent device.
The receiver front-end subsystem has been tested. The testing results: noise figure is less than 3.4dB, gain is better than 17.6dB, image rejection is greater than 40dB. Finally, aiming at the inadequacies of the system, a plan of design is proposed. As a RF front-end pre-filter, a small inprovements program which replace waveguide filters by substrate integrated waveguide filter is dicussed.
引文
[1]薛良金.毫米波工程基础.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2004
[2]祝彬.国外毫米波雷达制导技术的发展状况.中国航天,2007,(1):40-43
[3] Sanjay Raman,N. Scott Barker, Gabriel M. Rebeiz. A W-Band Dielectric-Lens- Based Integrated Monopulse Radar Receiver. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1998, 46(12):2308-2316
[4] Li Wang, Johannes Borngraeber, Wolfgang Winkler. 77 GHz Automotive Radar Receiver Front-end in SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology. Solid-State Circuits Conference. 2006:388-391
[5]彭龙新,林金庭,魏同立.X波段单片集成低噪声接收子系统.固体电子学研究与进展,2002,22(2):141-145
[6]夏磊.毫米波接收前端多芯片组件实用化技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[7]李桂萍.相控阵雷达毫米波T/R组件研究:[博士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2004
[8] G. C. Temes, and S. K. Mitra. Modern Filter Theory and Design. New York:Wiley, 1973
[9] Jia-Sheng Hong, M. J. Lancaster. Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001
[10]甘本袚,吴万春.现代微波滤波器结构与设计.北京:科学出版社,1973
[11] David M. Pozar.微波工程(张肇仪,周乐柱,吴德明等译).北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[12]黄香馥,陈天麒,张开智.微波固体电路.成都:成都电讯工程学院出版社,1988
[13]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[14] Guillermo Gonzalez.微波晶体管放大器分析与设计(白晓东译).北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[15] E. O. Hammerstard. Equations for microstrip circuit design. Proceedings of the 5th European Microwave Conference. Germany:1975, 268-272.
[16] R. A. Pucel, D. J. Masse, and C. P. Hartwig. Losses in microstrip. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1968, 16(6):342-350. Corrections in IEEE Trans. 1968, 16(12):1064
[17]殷际杰.微波技术与天线.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[18] M. Kirschning and R. H. Jansen. Accurate wide-range design equations for theFrequency-Dependent Characteristics of parallel coupled microstrip lines. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1984, 32(1):83-90. Corrections in IEEE Trans. 1985, 33(3):288
[19]甘体国.毫米波工程.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2006
[20] Sushil Kumar and Henrik Morkner. A High Performance 20-42 GHz MMIC Frequency Multiplier with Low Input Drive Power and High Output Power. Proceedings of the 36th European Microwave Conference. Manchester UK:2006, 1759-1762
[21] David M. Pozar. Microwave and RF Wireless Systems. New York:John Wiley, 2001
[22] H. A. Haus (chairman). Representation of Noise in Linear Two Ports. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1960:69-74
[23]张玉兴,赵宏飞,向荣.非线性电路与系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[24]赵涔伶.毫米波接收机射频前端ADS仿真设计.安捷伦第13届EEsof软件用户交流会论文集.北京:安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司,2009,11-14
[25]顾继慧.微波技术.北京:科学出版社,2008
[26] G. Mattaei, L. Young, and E. M. T. Jone. Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Nerworks, and Coupling Structures. New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964
[27]徐龙祥.微波带通波导滤波器传输特性的研究与应用.制导与引信,1998,(4):5-10
[28] Feng Xu, Ke Wu. Guided-Wave and Leakage Characteristics of Substrate Integrated Waveguide. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2005, 53(1):66-73
[29] Cassivi Y, Perregrini L, Arcioni P, et al. Dispersion Characteristics of Substrate Integrated rectangular Waveguide. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 2002, 12(9):333-335
[30]邓磊,唐高弟.基片集成波导功分器仿真设计.信息与电子工程,2008,6(2):79-82
[31]李皓,华光,等.基片集成波导和微带转换器的理论与实验研究.电子学报,2003,31(12A): 2002-2004
[32]李皓.基片集成波导不连续性问题的研究:[博士学位论文],南京:东南大学,2005
[2]祝彬.国外毫米波雷达制导技术的发展状况.中国航天,2007,(1):40-43
[3] Sanjay Raman,N. Scott Barker, Gabriel M. Rebeiz. A W-Band Dielectric-Lens- Based Integrated Monopulse Radar Receiver. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 1998, 46(12):2308-2316
[4] Li Wang, Johannes Borngraeber, Wolfgang Winkler. 77 GHz Automotive Radar Receiver Front-end in SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology. Solid-State Circuits Conference. 2006:388-391
[5]彭龙新,林金庭,魏同立.X波段单片集成低噪声接收子系统.固体电子学研究与进展,2002,22(2):141-145
[6]夏磊.毫米波接收前端多芯片组件实用化技术研究:[硕士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2002
[7]李桂萍.相控阵雷达毫米波T/R组件研究:[博士学位论文],成都:电子科技大学,2004
[8] G. C. Temes, and S. K. Mitra. Modern Filter Theory and Design. New York:Wiley, 1973
[9] Jia-Sheng Hong, M. J. Lancaster. Microstrip Filters for RF/Microwave Applications. New York:John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2001
[10]甘本袚,吴万春.现代微波滤波器结构与设计.北京:科学出版社,1973
[11] David M. Pozar.微波工程(张肇仪,周乐柱,吴德明等译).北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[12]黄香馥,陈天麒,张开智.微波固体电路.成都:成都电讯工程学院出版社,1988
[13]戈稳.雷达接收机技术.北京:电子工业出版社,2008
[14] Guillermo Gonzalez.微波晶体管放大器分析与设计(白晓东译).北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[15] E. O. Hammerstard. Equations for microstrip circuit design. Proceedings of the 5th European Microwave Conference. Germany:1975, 268-272.
[16] R. A. Pucel, D. J. Masse, and C. P. Hartwig. Losses in microstrip. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1968, 16(6):342-350. Corrections in IEEE Trans. 1968, 16(12):1064
[17]殷际杰.微波技术与天线.北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[18] M. Kirschning and R. H. Jansen. Accurate wide-range design equations for theFrequency-Dependent Characteristics of parallel coupled microstrip lines. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1984, 32(1):83-90. Corrections in IEEE Trans. 1985, 33(3):288
[19]甘体国.毫米波工程.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2006
[20] Sushil Kumar and Henrik Morkner. A High Performance 20-42 GHz MMIC Frequency Multiplier with Low Input Drive Power and High Output Power. Proceedings of the 36th European Microwave Conference. Manchester UK:2006, 1759-1762
[21] David M. Pozar. Microwave and RF Wireless Systems. New York:John Wiley, 2001
[22] H. A. Haus (chairman). Representation of Noise in Linear Two Ports. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1960:69-74
[23]张玉兴,赵宏飞,向荣.非线性电路与系统.北京:机械工业出版社,2007
[24]赵涔伶.毫米波接收机射频前端ADS仿真设计.安捷伦第13届EEsof软件用户交流会论文集.北京:安捷伦科技(中国)有限公司,2009,11-14
[25]顾继慧.微波技术.北京:科学出版社,2008
[26] G. Mattaei, L. Young, and E. M. T. Jone. Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Nerworks, and Coupling Structures. New York:McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964
[27]徐龙祥.微波带通波导滤波器传输特性的研究与应用.制导与引信,1998,(4):5-10
[28] Feng Xu, Ke Wu. Guided-Wave and Leakage Characteristics of Substrate Integrated Waveguide. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 2005, 53(1):66-73
[29] Cassivi Y, Perregrini L, Arcioni P, et al. Dispersion Characteristics of Substrate Integrated rectangular Waveguide. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters. 2002, 12(9):333-335
[30]邓磊,唐高弟.基片集成波导功分器仿真设计.信息与电子工程,2008,6(2):79-82
[31]李皓,华光,等.基片集成波导和微带转换器的理论与实验研究.电子学报,2003,31(12A): 2002-2004
[32]李皓.基片集成波导不连续性问题的研究:[博士学位论文],南京:东南大学,2005