不同状态下牙本质对其与树脂粘接强度影响的研究
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摘要
粘接强度测试是评价一种牙本质粘接系统性能的重要方法。在测试实验中，活髓人牙无疑是最好的粘接实验标本，但因为来源受限，所以大部分学者采用离体牙作体外实验。由于在实验中无法完全模拟口腔内生理环境进行粘接性能的测试，并且离体牙随着拔除后时间的延长，其组织结构必然会发生变化，因此离体牙的体外实验测试结果是否可以客观、准确地反映各粘接系统口内实际粘接性能，一直是学者们争论的焦点之一。为了探讨这个问题，对离体、在体牙本质的粘结性能进行对照研究，以寻找能够客观地反映牙本质粘接材料实际粘接效果的评价手段，本研究选择了四种新型牙本质粘接剂，应用微拉伸测试方法和扫描电镜观察，对其与离体、在体不同状态下牙本质的粘接强度进行了比较、分析和粘接界面的微观结构观察，探讨了不同状态下的牙本质对新型牙本质粘接系统性能的影响。
实验结果表明：
1、新型牙本质粘接系统在离体、在体牙本质上粘接处理后的强度和微观结构观察均无显著性差异。本研究证实在口外模仿口内生理、物理环境进行粘接实验适用、可行，离体牙的体外实验测试
第四军医大学硕士学位论文
结果可以真实地反映牙本质粘接系统口内实际粘接效果。
2、三种以丙酮为溶剂的牙本质粘接系统Bond－1、Prime＆Bond
NT、one｛teP 的粘接强度之间在离体、在体牙本质上均无显著性
差异，而它们都明显高于以酒精和水为溶剂的粘接系统Single
Bond o
3、新型牙本质粘接系统在口内、外不同牙本质基质上均测得
了较高的粘接强度值，最高微拉伸强度达到了30．Is士2．77Mpa，
具有较好的粘接性能。
The main method which judges whether an adhesive system works or not is the bonding strength test.Undoubtedly, the vital teeth in human mouth are the best subjects for bonding test. Because collecting the experimental samples is not so easy that most of scholars do their works with extracorporeal teeth. However, it is nearly impossible to simulate oral circumstance completely to test the properties of adhesive materials. On the other hand , once extracted, the teeth would change their properties definitely. So, whether the bond strength tested under in vitro condition indicates the real in vivo amount is always concerned by researchers. In order to compare the adhesive performance between the dentin hi vivo and in vitro, to find a valid way to evaluate the quality and efficacy of adhesive systems, in this disquisition, we studied and compared the microtensile bond strengths and the microstructure under SEM of four recently introduced commercial dentin adhesive systems (SingleBond, Bond-1, Prime&Bond NT and One-Step) applied in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
The results are showed below:
1. This study tested the bond strengths of the new adhesive systems under the environments in vivo and in vitro, the data was then analyzed, which showed no significant difference, so the test results of the dentin adhesives experiments in vitro with extracorporeal teeth could indicate then- bond strengths in vivo reliably and actually.
2. The results tested on the dentin in vivo and in vitro all showed that the bond strengths of One-Step, Prime&Bond NT and Bond-1 whose solvents are aceton were not significantly different, and were all higher than Single Bond whose solvents are alcohol and water.
3. The results showed that the microtensile bond strengths of the new dentin adhesive systems were all high, the highest tested amount is 30.18 ?.77Mpa, which provide their good clinical performance.
实验结果表明：
1、新型牙本质粘接系统在离体、在体牙本质上粘接处理后的强度和微观结构观察均无显著性差异。本研究证实在口外模仿口内生理、物理环境进行粘接实验适用、可行，离体牙的体外实验测试
第四军医大学硕士学位论文
结果可以真实地反映牙本质粘接系统口内实际粘接效果。
2、三种以丙酮为溶剂的牙本质粘接系统Bond－1、Prime＆Bond
NT、one｛teP 的粘接强度之间在离体、在体牙本质上均无显著性
差异，而它们都明显高于以酒精和水为溶剂的粘接系统Single
Bond o
3、新型牙本质粘接系统在口内、外不同牙本质基质上均测得
了较高的粘接强度值，最高微拉伸强度达到了30．Is士2．77Mpa，
具有较好的粘接性能。
The main method which judges whether an adhesive system works or not is the bonding strength test.Undoubtedly, the vital teeth in human mouth are the best subjects for bonding test. Because collecting the experimental samples is not so easy that most of scholars do their works with extracorporeal teeth. However, it is nearly impossible to simulate oral circumstance completely to test the properties of adhesive materials. On the other hand , once extracted, the teeth would change their properties definitely. So, whether the bond strength tested under in vitro condition indicates the real in vivo amount is always concerned by researchers. In order to compare the adhesive performance between the dentin hi vivo and in vitro, to find a valid way to evaluate the quality and efficacy of adhesive systems, in this disquisition, we studied and compared the microtensile bond strengths and the microstructure under SEM of four recently introduced commercial dentin adhesive systems (SingleBond, Bond-1, Prime&Bond NT and One-Step) applied in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
The results are showed below:
1. This study tested the bond strengths of the new adhesive systems under the environments in vivo and in vitro, the data was then analyzed, which showed no significant difference, so the test results of the dentin adhesives experiments in vitro with extracorporeal teeth could indicate then- bond strengths in vivo reliably and actually.
2. The results tested on the dentin in vivo and in vitro all showed that the bond strengths of One-Step, Prime&Bond NT and Bond-1 whose solvents are aceton were not significantly different, and were all higher than Single Bond whose solvents are alcohol and water.
3. The results showed that the microtensile bond strengths of the new dentin adhesive systems were all high, the highest tested amount is 30.18 ?.77Mpa, which provide their good clinical performance.
引文
1． Relief DH. Clinical application of enamel adhesives. Oper Dent 1992;5:44-49
2． Stanly HR. Trashing the dental literature-misleading the general practioners:A point of view. J Dent Res 1996;75:1624-1626
3． Van merrbeek B, Lambrechts P, Inokoshi S, et al. Factors affecting adhesion to mineralized tissues. Oper Dent 1992;5:111-124
4． Bowen RL. Adhesive bonding of various material to hard tooth tissues. J Dent Res 1965;44:895-902
5． Crim GA, Swartz ML, Philips RW. An evaluation of cavosurface design and microleakage. Gen Dent 1984; 32:56-58
6． Bowen RI, Cobb EN. A method for bonding to dentin and enamel. JADA 1983;107:734-736
7． Huget EF, Denniston JC,Vilca JM. Dentin adhesives: A perspective. Milit Med 1979; 144:619-629
8． Tyas MJ. Bonding-retrospect and prospect. Aust Dent J 1988, 33(5) :364
9． Baier RE. Adhesion in the biologic envirment. Biomat Med Dev Art Org 1984-1985;12(3-4) :133
10． Cox CF, Subay RK, Suzuki S, et al. BiocoMPatibility of acrylic filling materials: Pulp healing with a surface seal. Int Periodont Restor Dent 1996;16:240-251
11． Kana J. Replacement of a factored incisor segment over pulpal exposure: A case report. Quintessence Int 1993;24:81-84
12． Pamijer CH. The disasterous effects of the 'total etch' technique in a vital capping in primates. Puple biology and dental materials group symposium on cuurent concepts and in vital pulp therapy, 75th general session of international association for dental research, Orlando, Florida, March 21,1997ss
13． American Dental Association Council on Dental Materials. Instruments and equipment. Dentine bonding systems: an update. JADA 1987,114:91-95
14． Barkmeier WW, Cooley RL. Laboratory evaluation of cavosurface design and microleakage. Gen Dent 1984;32:56-58
15． Krejci I, Lutz F, et al. Adhesion promotion by chemomechanical preparation of dentin. Quintessence Int 1990;21:435
16． Wolski K, Goldman M, Kronman JH. Dentinal bonding after chemomechanical caries removal-effect of surface topography. Oper Dent 1989;14:87
17． Kugel G, Ferrari M. The science of bonding: from first to sixth generation. JADA 2000;131suppl:20s-25s
18． Jacobsen T. Some effects of water on dentin bonding. Dent Mater 1995;11:132-136
19． Nakabayashi N. Adhesive bonding with 4-META. Oper Dent 1992;Suoppl5:125-130
20． Nakabayashi N. Bonding of restorative materials to dentine: The present status in Japan. Int Dent J 1985;35:145-154
21． Nakabayashi N, Kojima K, Mushara E. The promotion of adhesion by the infiltration of monomers into tooth substrates. J Biomed Mater Res 1982; 156:265-273
22． Kanca J. A method for bonding to tooth structure using phosphoric acid as a dentin-enamel conditioner. Quintessence Int. 1991;22:285-290
23． Gwinnett AJ. Quantitative cntribution of resin infiltration/hybridization to dentin bonding. Am J Dent 1993;6:7-9
24． Triolo FT, Swift EJ, Barkmeier WW. Shear bond strength of composite to dentin using six dental adhesive systems. Oper Dent 1995;20:46-50
25． Barkmeier WW, Los SA, Triolo PT. Bond strength and SEM evaluation of Clearfil Liner Bond-2． Am J Dent 1995;8:289-293
26． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Wei SH. The overwet phenomenon: A scanning eletron microscopic study of surface moisture in the acid-conditioned resin-dentin interface. Am
J Dent 1996;9:109-114
27． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Wei SH. The overwet phenomenon: A transmission microscopic study of surface moisture in the acid-conditioned resin-dentin interface. Am J Dent 1996;9:161-166
28． Barkmeier WW, Erickson RL. Shear bond strength of composite to enamel and dentin using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Am J Dent 1994;7:175-179
29． Watanabe I, Nakabayashi N. Bonding durablility of photocured phenyl-P in TEGDMA to smear layer-retained bovine dentin. Quintessence Int 1993;24:335-342
30． Barkmeier WW, Hammmesfahr PD, Latta MA. Bond strength of composite to enamel and dentin using Prime&Bond2． 1． J Dent Res 1997;76:136
31． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Wei SH. Micromorphological spetrum from over-wetting acid-conditioned dentin in water-free acetone-based, single-bottle primer/adhesives. Dent Mater 1996; 12:236-244
32． Perdigao J, Swift EJ, Gomes, et al. Bond strengthd of new simplified dentin-enamel adhesives. Am J Dent 1999; 12:286-290
33． Kanca J. Dental adhesion and the All-Bond system. J Esathet Dent 1991 ;3:129-132
34． Kanca J. Effect of resin primer solvents and surface wetness on resin composite bond strength to dentin. Am J Dent 1992;5:213-215
35． Kanca J. Improving bond strength through acid etching of dentin and bonging to wet dentin surface. JADA 1992; 123:35-43
36． Gwinnett AJ. Moist versus dry dentin:Its effect on shear bond strength. Am J Dent 1992;5:127-129
37． Gwinnett AJ. Entin bond strength after sir drying and rewetting. Am J Dent 1994;7:144-148
38． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Pang KM, et al. Resin permeation into acid-conditioned, moist and dry dentin:.A paradigm using water-free adhesive primers. J Dent Res
1996;75:1033-1044
39． Nakabayashi N, Kojima K, Masunara E. The promotion of adhesion by the infiltration of monomers into tooth substrates. J Biomed M 1982; 16: 265-273
40． Pashley DH, Ciuche B. Permeability of dentin to adhesive agents. Quintess Inter 1993;24:618-631
41． Rueggeberg FA, Margeson DH. The effect of oxygen inhibition on an unfilled/filled composite systems. J Dent Res 1990;69:1652-1658
42． Van Meerbeek B, Inokoshi S. Morphogical aspects of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone with different dentin adhesive systems. J Dent Res 1992;71:1530-1540
43． Inokoshi S, Hosoda H, Harnirattisai C, et al. Interfacial structure between dentin and dentin bonding systems revealed using argon ion beam etching. Oper Dent 1993; 18:8-16
44． Nakabayashi N. Dentin bonding mechanisms. Quintessence Int 1991 ;22:73-74
45． Gwinnett A, Tay F, Wei S. Quantitative contribution of the collagen network in dentin hybridization. Am J Dent 1996;9:140-144
46． Shigeru Uno, Finger WJ. Function of the hybrid zone as a stress-absorbing layer in resin-dentin bonding. Quintessece Int 1995;26:733-738
47． Miyazaki M, Ando S, Hinoura K. Influence of the filler addition to bonding agents on shear bond strength to bovine dentin. Dent Mater 1995;11:234-238
48． Alhadainy HA, Abdalla AI. 2-year clinical evaluation of dentin bonding systems. Am J Dent 1996;9:77-79
49． Bowen RL, Rodriguez MS. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of tooth structure and several restorative materials. JADA 1962;64:378-387
50． Lehman ML. Tensile strength of human dentin. J Dent Res 1967;46:197-201
51． Sano H, Ciuchi B. Tensile properties of mineralized and demineralized human and bovine dentin. J Dent Res 1994;73:1205-1211
52． VanNoort,Cardew GE. The effect of local interfacial geometry on the measurements of
the tensile bond strength to dentin. J Dent Res 1991;70:889-893
53． Oilo G, Olsson S. Tensile bod strength of adhesives:A comparison of materials and methods. Dent Mater 1990;6:138-144
54． 陈冶清 管利民 编著《口腔粘接学》 北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出 版社 第一版 1993
55． Chappell R, Schreiner R, Glares A. Pilot study to determine sample size for micro-tensile testing. J Dent Res 1997; 76: 38-40
56． Erickson RL, Glasspoole EA, Relief DG. Influence of test parameters of dentin bond strength measurements. J Dent Res 1989;68:374
57． Perinka L, Sano H, Hosoda H. Dentin thickness, hardness and Ca-concentration vs. bond strength of dentin adhesives. Dent Mater 1992;8:229-233
58． Sano H. Tensile bond strength vs. surface area for dentin bonding. Jpn J Conserv 1994;34:882-887
59． Eick JD, Robinson SJ, Chappell RP. The dentinal surface: its influence on dentinal adhesion. Dent Mater 1993; 24: 571-574
60． Sano H, Ciucchi B, Matthews WG, et al. Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength-Evaluation of a microtensile bond test. Dent Mater 1994; 10:236-240
61． Armstuong SR, Boyer DB, Keller JC. Microtensile bond strength testing and failure analysis of two dentine adhesive. Dent Mater 1998: 14:44-50
62． Cardoso PEC, Braga RR. Evaluation of microtensile, shear and tensile tests determining the bond strength of three adhesive systems. Dent Mater 1998; 14: 394-398
63． David H, Pashley, Hidehiko Sano, Bernard Ciucchi. Adhesion testing of dentine bonding agents: A review. Dent Mater 1995; 11: 117-125
64． Prati C, Pashley DH Dentin wetness, permeability thickness and bond strength of
adhesive systems. Am J Dent 1992; 5: 33-38
65． Vara Y, Katsuyama S, Dogon IL. A comparision of the adhesion of two new restorative systems to dentin with wedge-shaped defects. J Dent Res 1994; 73: 130-132
66． Van Meerbeek B, Braem M, Lambrechts P. Morphological characterization of the interface between resin and sclerotic dentin. J Dent 1994; 22: 141-146
67． Tagami J, Tao L, Pashley DH. Effects of high-speed cutting on dentin permeability and bonding. Dent Mater 1994; 7: 234-239
68． Mclnnes PM, Wendot SL, Relief DH et al. Effect of dentin surface roughness on shear bond strength. Dent Mater 1990; 6: 204-207
69． Prati C, Ferrieri P, Galloni C et al. Dentin permeability and bond quality as affected by new bonding systems. J Dent 1995; 23:217-226
70． Prati C, Ferrieri P, Galloni C, et al. Dentin permeability and bond quality as affected by new bonding systems. J Dent 1995; 23: 217-226
71． Mason PN, Ferrari M, Cagidiaco MC. Shear bond strength of four dentinal adhesives: An in vivo investigation. J Dent Res 1994; 73: 198-200
72． Nikaido T, Burrow MF, Tagami J et al. Effect of pulpal pressure on adhesion of resin composite to dentin: Bovine serum vs saline. Quintessence Int 1995; 26: 221-226
73． Ciucchi B, Bouillaguet S, Holz J et al. Dentinal fluid dynamics in human teeth, in vivo. J Endodent 1995; 21: 191-194
74． Odor TM, Pitt-Ford TR, McDonald F. Effect of inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia on the lower teeth. Endodont Dent Traumatol 1994; 10: 144-148
76． Aquilino SA, William VD, Svare CW. The effect of storage solutions and mounting media on the bond strength of a dentinal adhesive to dentin. Dent Mater 1987;3:131-135
77． Kimura S, Shemizu T, Fujii B. Influence of dentin on bonding of composite resin. Dent Mater 1985;4:68-80
78． Jorgensen KD, Itoh K. Composite wall polymerization contraction in dentin cavities treated with various bonding agents. Scand J Dent 1985;93:276-279
79． Chadwick RG. The effects of various storage media upon the compressive strength of three dental composite resins. J Dent Res 1988;67:647
80． Williams VD. The effect storage time prior composite placement on composite/dentin bond strength. J Dent Res 1988;67:379
81． Hirasawa T, Hirano S. Initial dimensional change of composities in dry and wet condition. J Dent Res 1983; 62: 28-37
82． Kanca . Effect of resin primer solvents and surface wetness of resin composite bond strength to dentin. Am J Dent 1992;5:213-215
83． 李潇 博士论文《牙本质湿粘接的界面和强度研究》 第四军医大学2000． 5
2． Stanly HR. Trashing the dental literature-misleading the general practioners:A point of view. J Dent Res 1996;75:1624-1626
3． Van merrbeek B, Lambrechts P, Inokoshi S, et al. Factors affecting adhesion to mineralized tissues. Oper Dent 1992;5:111-124
4． Bowen RL. Adhesive bonding of various material to hard tooth tissues. J Dent Res 1965;44:895-902
5． Crim GA, Swartz ML, Philips RW. An evaluation of cavosurface design and microleakage. Gen Dent 1984; 32:56-58
6． Bowen RI, Cobb EN. A method for bonding to dentin and enamel. JADA 1983;107:734-736
7． Huget EF, Denniston JC,Vilca JM. Dentin adhesives: A perspective. Milit Med 1979; 144:619-629
8． Tyas MJ. Bonding-retrospect and prospect. Aust Dent J 1988, 33(5) :364
9． Baier RE. Adhesion in the biologic envirment. Biomat Med Dev Art Org 1984-1985;12(3-4) :133
10． Cox CF, Subay RK, Suzuki S, et al. BiocoMPatibility of acrylic filling materials: Pulp healing with a surface seal. Int Periodont Restor Dent 1996;16:240-251
11． Kana J. Replacement of a factored incisor segment over pulpal exposure: A case report. Quintessence Int 1993;24:81-84
12． Pamijer CH. The disasterous effects of the 'total etch' technique in a vital capping in primates. Puple biology and dental materials group symposium on cuurent concepts and in vital pulp therapy, 75th general session of international association for dental research, Orlando, Florida, March 21,1997ss
13． American Dental Association Council on Dental Materials. Instruments and equipment. Dentine bonding systems: an update. JADA 1987,114:91-95
14． Barkmeier WW, Cooley RL. Laboratory evaluation of cavosurface design and microleakage. Gen Dent 1984;32:56-58
15． Krejci I, Lutz F, et al. Adhesion promotion by chemomechanical preparation of dentin. Quintessence Int 1990;21:435
16． Wolski K, Goldman M, Kronman JH. Dentinal bonding after chemomechanical caries removal-effect of surface topography. Oper Dent 1989;14:87
17． Kugel G, Ferrari M. The science of bonding: from first to sixth generation. JADA 2000;131suppl:20s-25s
18． Jacobsen T. Some effects of water on dentin bonding. Dent Mater 1995;11:132-136
19． Nakabayashi N. Adhesive bonding with 4-META. Oper Dent 1992;Suoppl5:125-130
20． Nakabayashi N. Bonding of restorative materials to dentine: The present status in Japan. Int Dent J 1985;35:145-154
21． Nakabayashi N, Kojima K, Mushara E. The promotion of adhesion by the infiltration of monomers into tooth substrates. J Biomed Mater Res 1982; 156:265-273
22． Kanca J. A method for bonding to tooth structure using phosphoric acid as a dentin-enamel conditioner. Quintessence Int. 1991;22:285-290
23． Gwinnett AJ. Quantitative cntribution of resin infiltration/hybridization to dentin bonding. Am J Dent 1993;6:7-9
24． Triolo FT, Swift EJ, Barkmeier WW. Shear bond strength of composite to dentin using six dental adhesive systems. Oper Dent 1995;20:46-50
25． Barkmeier WW, Los SA, Triolo PT. Bond strength and SEM evaluation of Clearfil Liner Bond-2． Am J Dent 1995;8:289-293
26． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Wei SH. The overwet phenomenon: A scanning eletron microscopic study of surface moisture in the acid-conditioned resin-dentin interface. Am
J Dent 1996;9:109-114
27． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Wei SH. The overwet phenomenon: A transmission microscopic study of surface moisture in the acid-conditioned resin-dentin interface. Am J Dent 1996;9:161-166
28． Barkmeier WW, Erickson RL. Shear bond strength of composite to enamel and dentin using Scotchbond Multi-Purpose. Am J Dent 1994;7:175-179
29． Watanabe I, Nakabayashi N. Bonding durablility of photocured phenyl-P in TEGDMA to smear layer-retained bovine dentin. Quintessence Int 1993;24:335-342
30． Barkmeier WW, Hammmesfahr PD, Latta MA. Bond strength of composite to enamel and dentin using Prime&Bond2． 1． J Dent Res 1997;76:136
31． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Wei SH. Micromorphological spetrum from over-wetting acid-conditioned dentin in water-free acetone-based, single-bottle primer/adhesives. Dent Mater 1996; 12:236-244
32． Perdigao J, Swift EJ, Gomes, et al. Bond strengthd of new simplified dentin-enamel adhesives. Am J Dent 1999; 12:286-290
33． Kanca J. Dental adhesion and the All-Bond system. J Esathet Dent 1991 ;3:129-132
34． Kanca J. Effect of resin primer solvents and surface wetness on resin composite bond strength to dentin. Am J Dent 1992;5:213-215
35． Kanca J. Improving bond strength through acid etching of dentin and bonging to wet dentin surface. JADA 1992; 123:35-43
36． Gwinnett AJ. Moist versus dry dentin:Its effect on shear bond strength. Am J Dent 1992;5:127-129
37． Gwinnett AJ. Entin bond strength after sir drying and rewetting. Am J Dent 1994;7:144-148
38． Tay FR, Gwinnett AJ, Pang KM, et al. Resin permeation into acid-conditioned, moist and dry dentin:.A paradigm using water-free adhesive primers. J Dent Res
1996;75:1033-1044
39． Nakabayashi N, Kojima K, Masunara E. The promotion of adhesion by the infiltration of monomers into tooth substrates. J Biomed M 1982; 16: 265-273
40． Pashley DH, Ciuche B. Permeability of dentin to adhesive agents. Quintess Inter 1993;24:618-631
41． Rueggeberg FA, Margeson DH. The effect of oxygen inhibition on an unfilled/filled composite systems. J Dent Res 1990;69:1652-1658
42． Van Meerbeek B, Inokoshi S. Morphogical aspects of resin-dentin interdiffusion zone with different dentin adhesive systems. J Dent Res 1992;71:1530-1540
43． Inokoshi S, Hosoda H, Harnirattisai C, et al. Interfacial structure between dentin and dentin bonding systems revealed using argon ion beam etching. Oper Dent 1993; 18:8-16
44． Nakabayashi N. Dentin bonding mechanisms. Quintessence Int 1991 ;22:73-74
45． Gwinnett A, Tay F, Wei S. Quantitative contribution of the collagen network in dentin hybridization. Am J Dent 1996;9:140-144
46． Shigeru Uno, Finger WJ. Function of the hybrid zone as a stress-absorbing layer in resin-dentin bonding. Quintessece Int 1995;26:733-738
47． Miyazaki M, Ando S, Hinoura K. Influence of the filler addition to bonding agents on shear bond strength to bovine dentin. Dent Mater 1995;11:234-238
48． Alhadainy HA, Abdalla AI. 2-year clinical evaluation of dentin bonding systems. Am J Dent 1996;9:77-79
49． Bowen RL, Rodriguez MS. Tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of tooth structure and several restorative materials. JADA 1962;64:378-387
50． Lehman ML. Tensile strength of human dentin. J Dent Res 1967;46:197-201
51． Sano H, Ciuchi B. Tensile properties of mineralized and demineralized human and bovine dentin. J Dent Res 1994;73:1205-1211
52． VanNoort,Cardew GE. The effect of local interfacial geometry on the measurements of
the tensile bond strength to dentin. J Dent Res 1991;70:889-893
53． Oilo G, Olsson S. Tensile bod strength of adhesives:A comparison of materials and methods. Dent Mater 1990;6:138-144
54． 陈冶清 管利民 编著《口腔粘接学》 北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出 版社 第一版 1993
55． Chappell R, Schreiner R, Glares A. Pilot study to determine sample size for micro-tensile testing. J Dent Res 1997; 76: 38-40
56． Erickson RL, Glasspoole EA, Relief DG. Influence of test parameters of dentin bond strength measurements. J Dent Res 1989;68:374
57． Perinka L, Sano H, Hosoda H. Dentin thickness, hardness and Ca-concentration vs. bond strength of dentin adhesives. Dent Mater 1992;8:229-233
58． Sano H. Tensile bond strength vs. surface area for dentin bonding. Jpn J Conserv 1994;34:882-887
59． Eick JD, Robinson SJ, Chappell RP. The dentinal surface: its influence on dentinal adhesion. Dent Mater 1993; 24: 571-574
60． Sano H, Ciucchi B, Matthews WG, et al. Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength-Evaluation of a microtensile bond test. Dent Mater 1994; 10:236-240
61． Armstuong SR, Boyer DB, Keller JC. Microtensile bond strength testing and failure analysis of two dentine adhesive. Dent Mater 1998: 14:44-50
62． Cardoso PEC, Braga RR. Evaluation of microtensile, shear and tensile tests determining the bond strength of three adhesive systems. Dent Mater 1998; 14: 394-398
63． David H, Pashley, Hidehiko Sano, Bernard Ciucchi. Adhesion testing of dentine bonding agents: A review. Dent Mater 1995; 11: 117-125
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83． 李潇 博士论文《牙本质湿粘接的界面和强度研究》 第四军医大学2000． 5