基于DSP的线路微机保护装置及其算法的研究
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摘要
线路微机保护装置是一个具有继电保护功能的微机系统,是电力系统发展领域必不可少的保护设备。装置主要由数据采集单元、数据处理单元、开关量输入输出接口和通讯接口四大部分组成。
本文在查阅了国内外相关文献资料和研究分析了国内外微机保护技术的发展历史、发展现状及发展趋势的基础上,设计了一套基于TMS320LF2407 DSP技术的微机保护装置。本文基于小波变换理论,针对输电线路中故障数据特征提取,进行了小波理论在其中的应用研究,并在实验验证中取得较好的效果。主要工作内容包括下面几个方面:
论文首先论述了微机保护装置的研究意义。其次介绍了系统的总体设计方案,并对其中的数据采集、开关量输入输出、和通讯模块做了详细介绍,阐述了电路的设计方案,并对其中的串口通讯模块进行了调试。
然后,本文还研究了小波分析理论,探讨了小波分析应用于电力系统微机保护算法时易发生频域混叠现象的原因,以及混叠现象较易发生的频带,提出了可以有效减轻频域混叠现象的改进的Morlet小波分析方法;并利用MATLAB仿真工具,对故障信号进行算法仿真,取得了比较好的效果,然后将代码移植到基于TI公司的DSP开发软件CCS平台,实现了硬件仿真。本文最后对于今后的工作进行了总结和展望。
Transmission line microcomputer protection device is a kind of microcomputer system which provides relay protection to the transmission line,and it's becoming essentially protective device in the power system development.It’s been comprised of four part:data processing unit,data acquisition unit,digital quantity input/output interface , and the commurication interface.
Having consulted the domestic and foreign literature materials, and also analyzed the history,the present situation , the development tendency of the domestic and foreign microcomputers' relay protective technology, this paper put forwards a kind of microcomputer protection system based on DSP. Based on the wavelet analysis theory, this paper aims at fault data character extraction on transmission line, and dedicates on application of wavelet analysis of this field, exellent result is aquired in the experiment. It mainly includes the following sevral aspects:
Firstly, this paper discusses the researching purpose of microcomputer protection .It introduces the overall plan of this system and gives detail introductions of data processing unit,data acquisition unit,digital quantity input/output interface and the commurication interface,then,it proposed a set of protection circuits design plan,and debugged it’s serial port communication model.
Sencondly,this paper also researches the wavelet analysis theory ,investigates frequency aliasing phenomenon,the reason why frequency aliasing phenomenon is easy to happen when wavelet is implied in the field of electrical power system microcomputer protective algorithm, and also the frequency bands where frequency aliasing phenomenon is easer to happen, then put forwards the improved Morlet wavelet analysis method which can effectively alleviates frequency aliasing phenomenon,and transplants the code to the TI’s CCS platform to test it’s validity.
Finally,the algorithm is tested by MATLAB,the result is proved to be accurate.
本文在查阅了国内外相关文献资料和研究分析了国内外微机保护技术的发展历史、发展现状及发展趋势的基础上,设计了一套基于TMS320LF2407 DSP技术的微机保护装置。本文基于小波变换理论,针对输电线路中故障数据特征提取,进行了小波理论在其中的应用研究,并在实验验证中取得较好的效果。主要工作内容包括下面几个方面:
论文首先论述了微机保护装置的研究意义。其次介绍了系统的总体设计方案,并对其中的数据采集、开关量输入输出、和通讯模块做了详细介绍,阐述了电路的设计方案,并对其中的串口通讯模块进行了调试。
然后,本文还研究了小波分析理论,探讨了小波分析应用于电力系统微机保护算法时易发生频域混叠现象的原因,以及混叠现象较易发生的频带,提出了可以有效减轻频域混叠现象的改进的Morlet小波分析方法;并利用MATLAB仿真工具,对故障信号进行算法仿真,取得了比较好的效果,然后将代码移植到基于TI公司的DSP开发软件CCS平台,实现了硬件仿真。本文最后对于今后的工作进行了总结和展望。
Transmission line microcomputer protection device is a kind of microcomputer system which provides relay protection to the transmission line,and it's becoming essentially protective device in the power system development.It’s been comprised of four part:data processing unit,data acquisition unit,digital quantity input/output interface , and the commurication interface.
Having consulted the domestic and foreign literature materials, and also analyzed the history,the present situation , the development tendency of the domestic and foreign microcomputers' relay protective technology, this paper put forwards a kind of microcomputer protection system based on DSP. Based on the wavelet analysis theory, this paper aims at fault data character extraction on transmission line, and dedicates on application of wavelet analysis of this field, exellent result is aquired in the experiment. It mainly includes the following sevral aspects:
Firstly, this paper discusses the researching purpose of microcomputer protection .It introduces the overall plan of this system and gives detail introductions of data processing unit,data acquisition unit,digital quantity input/output interface and the commurication interface,then,it proposed a set of protection circuits design plan,and debugged it’s serial port communication model.
Sencondly,this paper also researches the wavelet analysis theory ,investigates frequency aliasing phenomenon,the reason why frequency aliasing phenomenon is easy to happen when wavelet is implied in the field of electrical power system microcomputer protective algorithm, and also the frequency bands where frequency aliasing phenomenon is easer to happen, then put forwards the improved Morlet wavelet analysis method which can effectively alleviates frequency aliasing phenomenon,and transplants the code to the TI’s CCS platform to test it’s validity.
Finally,the algorithm is tested by MATLAB,the result is proved to be accurate.
引文
[1] 雷晓蒙..国外几起电网事故.电力安全技术,第 3 卷(2001 年第 6 期):33
[2] 刘晓宏.一起断路器拒动引起的电网事故分析.华北电力技术,01/2006:47~49
[3] 王中元.继电保护是保障电网安全运行的重要设备.新当代·电气世界,2005 年,第 2期:4
[4] 屈靖,郭剑波.“九五”期间我国电网事故统计分析.电网技术,第 28 卷第 21 期(2004年 11 月):60~68
[5] 董高峰.电力系统继电保护技术的现状与发展.中国工控网:2002:22
[6] 王梅义.高压电网继电保护运行技术.北京:电力工业出版社,1981:1~55
[7] He Jiali, Zhang Yuanhui, Yang Nianci.New Type Power Line Carrier Relaying System with Directional Comparison for EHV Transmission Lines. IEEE Transactions PAS-103,1984(2):533~536
[8] 杨奇逊.微型机继电保护基础.北京:水利电力出版社,1988 :48~82
[9] 吴斌,刘沛,陈德树.继电保护中的人工智能及其应用.电力系统自动化,1995:4
[10] 朱声石.高压电网继电保护原理与技术(第三版).北京:中国电力出版社,2005:1~98
[11] 张举.微型机继电保护原理.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004:30~67
[12] 刘和平.TMS320LF24xDSP 结构、原理及应用[M] .北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1~167
[13] TMS320LF/LC240x DSP Controllers reference guide.Texas Instruments,2000:1~8
[14] TMS320LF2407/2406/2402/LC2406/LC2404/LC2402 DSP Contrllers datasheet.Texas Instrument,1999:1~10
[15] 张鸿博,蔡晓峰,许珉.DSP 和 MAX125 在电力参数同步采集系统中的接口设计.洛阳工业高等专科学校学报.第 15 卷第 4 期(2005 年 12 月):19～20
[16] 袁春,袁国洲,喻寿益.DSP 与 MAX125/126 在电力参数测量中的应用.电脑与信息技术.2001 年第 1 期:41~43
[17] MAXIM Data Sheet of MAX125 Rev.1.1998:1~3
[18] 成永红,陈玉,陈小林等编著,测控技术在电力设备在线检测中的应用,北京,中国电力出版社,2006:131~158
[19] MC33291 data sheet.Motorola semiconductor technical data,2002:1~3
[20] 武天文.基于 TMS320F2812 的 110KV 线路保护装置的设计研究.太原理工大学硕士学位论文.山西太原.太原理工大学,2006 年 5 月:1~45
[21] MAX232/MAX2321 Dual EIA-232 Driver/Receiver,1998:1~3
[22] Low-Power,Slew-Rate-Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers,1996:1~3
[23] PCA82C250 CAN controller interface data sheet.Philips Semiconductors.2000:1~3
[24] 李弼程,罗建书.小波分析及其应用.北京.电子工业出版社,2003:1~238。
[25] 张晔.信号时频分析及应用.哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业出版社,2006 年 3 月:1~203
[26] G.Battle,A blockspin construction of ondelettes,Part 1,Lemarie functions,Commun.,Math Phys.,vol.110,(1987):601~615
[27] 于开平,邹经湘,杨炳渊.小波函数的性质及其应用研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报.Vol.32,NO.2,2000:36~39
[28] 陈德树主编.计算机继电保护原理与技术.北京:水利水电出版社.1992:1~129
[29] 张伏生等.电力系统谐波分析的高精度 Fourier 算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,10(3):63~66
[30] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,1997:179~181
[31] 苏鹏声,王欢.短窗 Morlet 复小波用于电力系统信号处理的探讨.电力系统自动化.第28 卷第 9 期.2005 年 5 月 10 日:36~42
[32] 程佩青.数字信号处理教程(第二版),北京:清华大学出版社,2001:93~208
[33] Dresen.J,Craenenbroeck.T,Reekmans.R,et al.Analyzing time varying power system narmonics using wavelet transform,IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,Brussels,Belgium,June 4-6,1996:474~479
[34] S.Mallat,W.Wang,Singularity detection and processing with wavelet,IEEE Trans.IT,1992,38(2):617~643
[35] Y.Meyer,Wavelets:Algorithms and application.Philadephia:SIAM Publ,1993
[36] R.D.Nowak,R.G.Baraniuk, Wavelet-based transformations for nonlinear signal processing,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,47(7),1999:1852~1865.
[37] E.P.Serrano,M.A.Fabio, Application of the wavelet transform to acoustic emission signals processing,IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,44(5),1996:1270~1275.
[38] G.Evangelista,Comb and multiplexed wavelet transforms and their applications to signal processing,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,42(2),1994:292~303
[39] 胡昌华,张军波,夏军等.基于 MATLAB 的系统分析与设计——小波分析,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,1999:1~298.
[40] O.Poission,P.Rioual and M.Meunier, New Signal Processing Tools Applied to Power Quality Analysis,IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery.Vo1.14,No.2,April 1999:1145~1150
[41] Meyer Yetal,Wavelets and Application,Research Notes in Applied Mathematics,Proceedings of the Inter.Conf,Marserlles(France):1989,5:203～205
[42] Keizo Inagaki,Masaru Higaki,Yoshiaki Matsu,Kenaro Kurita.Digital protection Mathod for power transformers based on an equivalment circuit composed of inverse induction,IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery.vol.3(4),1988:1245~1249
[43] 董长虹,高志,余啸海.Matlab 小波分析工具箱原理与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2005:1~290
[44] 崔锦泰.小波分析导论.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995:10~58
[45] Lazzaroni M,Ragaini E.Gabor-like transforms for transient analysis in electrical system.IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,Brussels,Belgium,June(4-6),1996:885~890
[46] SEED—DSK2407 用户指南,北京合众达电子技术有限公司,2004:1~64
[2] 刘晓宏.一起断路器拒动引起的电网事故分析.华北电力技术,01/2006:47~49
[3] 王中元.继电保护是保障电网安全运行的重要设备.新当代·电气世界,2005 年,第 2期:4
[4] 屈靖,郭剑波.“九五”期间我国电网事故统计分析.电网技术,第 28 卷第 21 期(2004年 11 月):60~68
[5] 董高峰.电力系统继电保护技术的现状与发展.中国工控网:2002:22
[6] 王梅义.高压电网继电保护运行技术.北京:电力工业出版社,1981:1~55
[7] He Jiali, Zhang Yuanhui, Yang Nianci.New Type Power Line Carrier Relaying System with Directional Comparison for EHV Transmission Lines. IEEE Transactions PAS-103,1984(2):533~536
[8] 杨奇逊.微型机继电保护基础.北京:水利电力出版社,1988 :48~82
[9] 吴斌,刘沛,陈德树.继电保护中的人工智能及其应用.电力系统自动化,1995:4
[10] 朱声石.高压电网继电保护原理与技术(第三版).北京:中国电力出版社,2005:1~98
[11] 张举.微型机继电保护原理.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004:30~67
[12] 刘和平.TMS320LF24xDSP 结构、原理及应用[M] .北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2002:1~167
[13] TMS320LF/LC240x DSP Controllers reference guide.Texas Instruments,2000:1~8
[14] TMS320LF2407/2406/2402/LC2406/LC2404/LC2402 DSP Contrllers datasheet.Texas Instrument,1999:1~10
[15] 张鸿博,蔡晓峰,许珉.DSP 和 MAX125 在电力参数同步采集系统中的接口设计.洛阳工业高等专科学校学报.第 15 卷第 4 期(2005 年 12 月):19～20
[16] 袁春,袁国洲,喻寿益.DSP 与 MAX125/126 在电力参数测量中的应用.电脑与信息技术.2001 年第 1 期:41~43
[17] MAXIM Data Sheet of MAX125 Rev.1.1998:1~3
[18] 成永红,陈玉,陈小林等编著,测控技术在电力设备在线检测中的应用,北京,中国电力出版社,2006:131~158
[19] MC33291 data sheet.Motorola semiconductor technical data,2002:1~3
[20] 武天文.基于 TMS320F2812 的 110KV 线路保护装置的设计研究.太原理工大学硕士学位论文.山西太原.太原理工大学,2006 年 5 月:1~45
[21] MAX232/MAX2321 Dual EIA-232 Driver/Receiver,1998:1~3
[22] Low-Power,Slew-Rate-Limited RS-485/RS-422 Transceivers,1996:1~3
[23] PCA82C250 CAN controller interface data sheet.Philips Semiconductors.2000:1~3
[24] 李弼程,罗建书.小波分析及其应用.北京.电子工业出版社,2003:1~238。
[25] 张晔.信号时频分析及应用.哈尔滨.哈尔滨工业出版社,2006 年 3 月:1~203
[26] G.Battle,A blockspin construction of ondelettes,Part 1,Lemarie functions,Commun.,Math Phys.,vol.110,(1987):601~615
[27] 于开平,邹经湘,杨炳渊.小波函数的性质及其应用研究.哈尔滨工业大学学报.Vol.32,NO.2,2000:36~39
[28] 陈德树主编.计算机继电保护原理与技术.北京:水利水电出版社.1992:1~129
[29] 张伏生等.电力系统谐波分析的高精度 Fourier 算法.中国电机工程学报,1999,10(3):63~66
[30] 胡广书.数字信号处理—理论、算法与实现,北京:清华大学出版社,1997:179~181
[31] 苏鹏声,王欢.短窗 Morlet 复小波用于电力系统信号处理的探讨.电力系统自动化.第28 卷第 9 期.2005 年 5 月 10 日:36~42
[32] 程佩青.数字信号处理教程(第二版),北京:清华大学出版社,2001:93~208
[33] Dresen.J,Craenenbroeck.T,Reekmans.R,et al.Analyzing time varying power system narmonics using wavelet transform,IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,Brussels,Belgium,June 4-6,1996:474~479
[34] S.Mallat,W.Wang,Singularity detection and processing with wavelet,IEEE Trans.IT,1992,38(2):617~643
[35] Y.Meyer,Wavelets:Algorithms and application.Philadephia:SIAM Publ,1993
[36] R.D.Nowak,R.G.Baraniuk, Wavelet-based transformations for nonlinear signal processing,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,47(7),1999:1852~1865.
[37] E.P.Serrano,M.A.Fabio, Application of the wavelet transform to acoustic emission signals processing,IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,44(5),1996:1270~1275.
[38] G.Evangelista,Comb and multiplexed wavelet transforms and their applications to signal processing,IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,42(2),1994:292~303
[39] 胡昌华,张军波,夏军等.基于 MATLAB 的系统分析与设计——小波分析,西安,西安电子科技大学出版社,1999:1~298.
[40] O.Poission,P.Rioual and M.Meunier, New Signal Processing Tools Applied to Power Quality Analysis,IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery.Vo1.14,No.2,April 1999:1145~1150
[41] Meyer Yetal,Wavelets and Application,Research Notes in Applied Mathematics,Proceedings of the Inter.Conf,Marserlles(France):1989,5:203～205
[42] Keizo Inagaki,Masaru Higaki,Yoshiaki Matsu,Kenaro Kurita.Digital protection Mathod for power transformers based on an equivalment circuit composed of inverse induction,IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery.vol.3(4),1988:1245~1249
[43] 董长虹,高志,余啸海.Matlab 小波分析工具箱原理与应用.北京:国防工业出版社,2005:1~290
[44] 崔锦泰.小波分析导论.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995:10~58
[45] Lazzaroni M,Ragaini E.Gabor-like transforms for transient analysis in electrical system.IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,Brussels,Belgium,June(4-6),1996:885~890
[46] SEED—DSK2407 用户指南,北京合众达电子技术有限公司,2004:1~64