中小型发电机微机保护装置的研究
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摘要
中小型水电作为可持续发展的能源在我国乃至全世界都受到普遍重视。中小型水电的投入使用可以满足偏远地区用电的需要,对于改善我国局部电网结构的不良,促进地方经济的发展,提高人民生活水平都有很重要的意义。然而,目前对于发电机保护的研究,主要集中于大型发电机组,对于中小型发电机保护装置的研制则关注得过少,带来了不少工程应用上的问题。本文在回顾发电机保护发展历史和现状的基础上,论述可满足100MW及以下发电机要求并具有高性价比的通用型微机保护装置的研制工作。
本文针对中小型发电机组的经济技术特点,通过分析保护的设计原则以及功能要求,提出了一种中小型发电机保护装置的总体设计方案,其特点是保护系统由两套独立装置构成,通过某些重要保护的合理分置,形成功能的部分冗余以提高可靠性。论文系统阐述了保护功能配置、各类型保护的原理,以及每种保护功能的逻辑框图和采用的算法。
中小型发电机保护装置要求结构紧凑,性价比高,能适应不同的应用场合,这主要体现在硬件与软件技术上。所开发的中小型发电机保护装置体积小巧,在其硬件结构上采用了多CPU分部处理技术,有效提高了信息处理效率;在软件开发上采用了分层化和模块化设计技术,改善了程序的可维护性。
发电机保护装置接口的特点是有些保护需要采集直流量,以及乒乓式转子接地保护需要切换开关电路。本文根据中小型发电机保护的要求,设计了几种直流测量电路和乒乓切换开关电路的设计方案,并进行了对比分析和选择。
所开发的中小型发电机保护装置已经通过全面的静态测试和动模试验验证,并进行了现场试运行,结果表明,装置的总体性能达到了预期的目标,满足中小型发电机保护的经济技术要求。论文介绍和分析了的试验结果。
It is considerred that medium and small hydropower is a kind of persistent energy source which is drawn a lot of attention in China and even in whole world. Medium and small hydropower can supple electricity power for people in alient area and can make the electrical network more stable. It can also advance region economy and heighten the level of people life. Nevertheless, the research mainly focus on large capacity generators , the research of relay for medium and small capacity generators has been drawn little attention, which brings many projects problems. On the basis of looking back evolvement history and actuality of generator protection, this paper expounds the research work on medium and small generators relay which can be adapted to varying application occasions and high cost performance for generators under 100MW.
The medium and small generator relay has technical and economic features. On the basis of analysing design principles and function requirements, an ensemble project design is proposed, and especially the relay has two independent parts. The relay has high reliability because the rational fuction configuration redundance some parts of redundance. This paper detailedly illustrated of all fuctions of the relay and lists the logic chart of every fuction and introduces the algorithm used in the ralay.
Compact structure and high cost performance is needed for the relay of medium and small generators. The can easily be changed for different application use which depends on its hardware and software design. The relay has small bulk, its hardware introduces distributed data processing with multiply CPU, which improves the efficiency. The software system has zonal programme design and modularization, which reduces the software maintenance cost.
The relay needs to gather direct voltage and direct current, and switch circuit is needed for ping-pang type grouding fault protection for generator rator. According to demand of generator protection, the design scheme for measuring direct voltage and current circuit is proposed, and three schemes for designing ping-pang circuit are also raised, this paper compares the schemes and select one of them as the switch circuit.
General protection equipment for medium and small generator has been verified by static simulation experiment and dynamic simulation experiment, and the relay has been used practically. All results manifest that capability of equipment has come up to prospective destinationand the relay meets the technical and economic need.
本文针对中小型发电机组的经济技术特点,通过分析保护的设计原则以及功能要求,提出了一种中小型发电机保护装置的总体设计方案,其特点是保护系统由两套独立装置构成,通过某些重要保护的合理分置,形成功能的部分冗余以提高可靠性。论文系统阐述了保护功能配置、各类型保护的原理,以及每种保护功能的逻辑框图和采用的算法。
中小型发电机保护装置要求结构紧凑,性价比高,能适应不同的应用场合,这主要体现在硬件与软件技术上。所开发的中小型发电机保护装置体积小巧,在其硬件结构上采用了多CPU分部处理技术,有效提高了信息处理效率;在软件开发上采用了分层化和模块化设计技术,改善了程序的可维护性。
发电机保护装置接口的特点是有些保护需要采集直流量,以及乒乓式转子接地保护需要切换开关电路。本文根据中小型发电机保护的要求,设计了几种直流测量电路和乒乓切换开关电路的设计方案,并进行了对比分析和选择。
所开发的中小型发电机保护装置已经通过全面的静态测试和动模试验验证,并进行了现场试运行,结果表明,装置的总体性能达到了预期的目标,满足中小型发电机保护的经济技术要求。论文介绍和分析了的试验结果。
It is considerred that medium and small hydropower is a kind of persistent energy source which is drawn a lot of attention in China and even in whole world. Medium and small hydropower can supple electricity power for people in alient area and can make the electrical network more stable. It can also advance region economy and heighten the level of people life. Nevertheless, the research mainly focus on large capacity generators , the research of relay for medium and small capacity generators has been drawn little attention, which brings many projects problems. On the basis of looking back evolvement history and actuality of generator protection, this paper expounds the research work on medium and small generators relay which can be adapted to varying application occasions and high cost performance for generators under 100MW.
The medium and small generator relay has technical and economic features. On the basis of analysing design principles and function requirements, an ensemble project design is proposed, and especially the relay has two independent parts. The relay has high reliability because the rational fuction configuration redundance some parts of redundance. This paper detailedly illustrated of all fuctions of the relay and lists the logic chart of every fuction and introduces the algorithm used in the ralay.
Compact structure and high cost performance is needed for the relay of medium and small generators. The can easily be changed for different application use which depends on its hardware and software design. The relay has small bulk, its hardware introduces distributed data processing with multiply CPU, which improves the efficiency. The software system has zonal programme design and modularization, which reduces the software maintenance cost.
The relay needs to gather direct voltage and direct current, and switch circuit is needed for ping-pang type grouding fault protection for generator rator. According to demand of generator protection, the design scheme for measuring direct voltage and current circuit is proposed, and three schemes for designing ping-pang circuit are also raised, this paper compares the schemes and select one of them as the switch circuit.
General protection equipment for medium and small generator has been verified by static simulation experiment and dynamic simulation experiment, and the relay has been used practically. All results manifest that capability of equipment has come up to prospective destinationand the relay meets the technical and economic need.
引文
[1] 童建栋.促进小水电发展是一项可持续发展的能源政策.中国水利,2003,06:52～56
[2] 张同声.大力发展小水电为实现可持续发展而努力奋斗.中国农村水利水电,2001,08:5～6
[3] 陆于平,吴济安,袁宇波.数字主设备保护技术的讨论.江苏电网主设备保护学术研讨会文选,2002,06:7～11
[4] 刘沛.大型发变组主保护的发展综述. 江苏电网主设备保护学术研讨会文选,2002,06:1～6
[5] 尹星光,韩荣珍.微机继电保护发展的历史、现状及其趋势.广东电力,2003,16(3):11～14
[6] 王维俭,桂林.大型发电机主保护的现状与改进.亚洲继电保护和控制学术研讨会,2003:236～239
[7] 陈德树.计算机继电保护原理与技术.水利电力出版社,1992 年 11 月
[8] 王维俭.电气主设备继电保护原理与应用(第二版).中国电力出版社,2002年1月
[9] REG316/REXO10/REXOI l.ABB,1995
[10] WFBZ-01微机发电机变压器保护装置技术说明书.国电南京自动化股份有限公司,2000年7月
[11] RCS-985发电机变压器成套保护装置技术说明书.南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 2001年12月
[12] Shen Quanrong,Yan wei, Chen jun. Zheng Yuping, Shen Guorong. New technologies in RCS-985 generator transformer protection set. 2003 Asian Conference on Power System Protection, 2003
[13] IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection. IEEE Std C37.102-1995,1996
[14] 夏勇军,尹项根.发电机乒乓式转子接地保护电路设计.电力自动化设备, 2004,24(12):52～55
[15] 郭光荣.发电机转子励磁绕组接地保护.电力系统自动化,2003, 27(20):73～76
[16] 柳焕章.发电机失磁保护的原理及整定计算.电力系统自动化,2004,28(14):72～75
[17] 薛伊琴.发电机失磁保护原理的比较和分析.继电器,2005,33(20):33～35
[18] 姚晴林.同步发电机及失磁保护.机械工业出版社,1981
[19] Shiwen, Shi.Analysis of microcomputer based loss-of-field protection for large generators. Electric Machines and Power Systems, 1996,24(5):467～476
[20] 李田刚.水轮发电机失磁动态过程及失磁保护判据分析.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十届学术年会论文集,2004,970～973
[21] Philip Moore. An Investigation into the Impedance Characteristics of a synchronous Generator under Loss of Excitation Condition.IEEE Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1998,2(3):619～624
[22] Z.Q.Bo, Z.Chen. A nondifferential protection scheme for generator stator windings.IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001,21(1):49～51
[23] JOSE A, DE LAO.A new digital filter for phase computation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power System, 1998, 13(2): 1026-1037
[24] Sachdev M S, Baribeau M A. Anew algorithm for digital impedance relays[J]. IEEE Trans on PAS, 1998,5(6): 2232-2240
[25] Wen P. A Fast and High-Precision Measurement of Distorted Power Based on Digital Filtering Techniques.IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 1992, 41(3): 403～406
[26] 尹项根,曾克娥.电力系统继电保护原理与应用.华中科技大学出版社,2001年5月
[27] 陈建玉.采用傅里叶算法对部分主设备保护继电器性能的影响分析.继电器,2005,33(23):9～10
[28] 胡志坚,张承学. 滤除衰减非周期分量的微机保护算法研究.电网技术,2001,25(3):7～11
[29] Sachdev M S, Nagpal M. A recursive least error squares algorithm for power system relaying and measurement application.IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(3):110～113
[30] 高晴,郑建勇.一种快速滤除衰减直流分量的新型递推傅氏算法.电力系统及其自动化学报,2003, 15(1): 54～57
[31] 孙雅明,张兆宁,史艳红.电力系统故障暂态信号中提取基波分量的短窗积分法.电力系统自动化,2000,24(1):30～33
[32] Bhatti. A. Aziz. Performance analysis of microcomputer based differentia protection of UHV lines under selective phase switching.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1990,5(2):556～566
[33] 童时中,张锦华. 模块化继电保护系统的构成分析.电力系统自化,1998, 22(10):58～62
[34] 李华.微机型继电保护装置软硬件技术探讨.电力建设,2001, 22(5): 44～47
[35] 张雄伟. DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用(第三版).电子工业出版社,2003 年 2 月
[36] 清源科技.TMS320C54x DSP 软件开发教程. 机械工业出版社,2003 年 9 月
[37] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x Optimizing C Compiler User,s Guide. 1998
[38] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x C Source Debugger User,s Guide.1998
[39] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x DSP Reference Set.1999
[40] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide.1998
[41] “继保之星”继电保护测试系统使用说明书.武汉豪迈电力自动化技术公司,2001年10月
[42] 周泽昕,邱宇峰.从动模试验情况看微机型发电机变压器保护的现状及存在的问题. 继电器,2000,28(7):45～49
[2] 张同声.大力发展小水电为实现可持续发展而努力奋斗.中国农村水利水电,2001,08:5～6
[3] 陆于平,吴济安,袁宇波.数字主设备保护技术的讨论.江苏电网主设备保护学术研讨会文选,2002,06:7～11
[4] 刘沛.大型发变组主保护的发展综述. 江苏电网主设备保护学术研讨会文选,2002,06:1～6
[5] 尹星光,韩荣珍.微机继电保护发展的历史、现状及其趋势.广东电力,2003,16(3):11～14
[6] 王维俭,桂林.大型发电机主保护的现状与改进.亚洲继电保护和控制学术研讨会,2003:236～239
[7] 陈德树.计算机继电保护原理与技术.水利电力出版社,1992 年 11 月
[8] 王维俭.电气主设备继电保护原理与应用(第二版).中国电力出版社,2002年1月
[9] REG316/REXO10/REXOI l.ABB,1995
[10] WFBZ-01微机发电机变压器保护装置技术说明书.国电南京自动化股份有限公司,2000年7月
[11] RCS-985发电机变压器成套保护装置技术说明书.南京南瑞继保电气有限公司, 2001年12月
[12] Shen Quanrong,Yan wei, Chen jun. Zheng Yuping, Shen Guorong. New technologies in RCS-985 generator transformer protection set. 2003 Asian Conference on Power System Protection, 2003
[13] IEEE Guide for AC Generator Protection. IEEE Std C37.102-1995,1996
[14] 夏勇军,尹项根.发电机乒乓式转子接地保护电路设计.电力自动化设备, 2004,24(12):52～55
[15] 郭光荣.发电机转子励磁绕组接地保护.电力系统自动化,2003, 27(20):73～76
[16] 柳焕章.发电机失磁保护的原理及整定计算.电力系统自动化,2004,28(14):72～75
[17] 薛伊琴.发电机失磁保护原理的比较和分析.继电器,2005,33(20):33～35
[18] 姚晴林.同步发电机及失磁保护.机械工业出版社,1981
[19] Shiwen, Shi.Analysis of microcomputer based loss-of-field protection for large generators. Electric Machines and Power Systems, 1996,24(5):467～476
[20] 李田刚.水轮发电机失磁动态过程及失磁保护判据分析.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十届学术年会论文集,2004,970～973
[21] Philip Moore. An Investigation into the Impedance Characteristics of a synchronous Generator under Loss of Excitation Condition.IEEE Energy Management and Power Delivery, 1998,2(3):619～624
[22] Z.Q.Bo, Z.Chen. A nondifferential protection scheme for generator stator windings.IEEE Power Engineering Review, 2001,21(1):49～51
[23] JOSE A, DE LAO.A new digital filter for phase computation[J].IEEE Transactions on Power System, 1998, 13(2): 1026-1037
[24] Sachdev M S, Baribeau M A. Anew algorithm for digital impedance relays[J]. IEEE Trans on PAS, 1998,5(6): 2232-2240
[25] Wen P. A Fast and High-Precision Measurement of Distorted Power Based on Digital Filtering Techniques.IEEE Trans Instrum Meas, 1992, 41(3): 403～406
[26] 尹项根,曾克娥.电力系统继电保护原理与应用.华中科技大学出版社,2001年5月
[27] 陈建玉.采用傅里叶算法对部分主设备保护继电器性能的影响分析.继电器,2005,33(23):9～10
[28] 胡志坚,张承学. 滤除衰减非周期分量的微机保护算法研究.电网技术,2001,25(3):7～11
[29] Sachdev M S, Nagpal M. A recursive least error squares algorithm for power system relaying and measurement application.IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 1991, 6(3):110～113
[30] 高晴,郑建勇.一种快速滤除衰减直流分量的新型递推傅氏算法.电力系统及其自动化学报,2003, 15(1): 54～57
[31] 孙雅明,张兆宁,史艳红.电力系统故障暂态信号中提取基波分量的短窗积分法.电力系统自动化,2000,24(1):30～33
[32] Bhatti. A. Aziz. Performance analysis of microcomputer based differentia protection of UHV lines under selective phase switching.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 1990,5(2):556～566
[33] 童时中,张锦华. 模块化继电保护系统的构成分析.电力系统自化,1998, 22(10):58～62
[34] 李华.微机型继电保护装置软硬件技术探讨.电力建设,2001, 22(5): 44～47
[35] 张雄伟. DSP 芯片的原理与开发应用(第三版).电子工业出版社,2003 年 2 月
[36] 清源科技.TMS320C54x DSP 软件开发教程. 机械工业出版社,2003 年 9 月
[37] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x Optimizing C Compiler User,s Guide. 1998
[38] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x C Source Debugger User,s Guide.1998
[39] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x DSP Reference Set.1999
[40] Texas Instruments.TMS320C54x Assembly Language Tools User’s Guide.1998
[41] “继保之星”继电保护测试系统使用说明书.武汉豪迈电力自动化技术公司,2001年10月
[42] 周泽昕,邱宇峰.从动模试验情况看微机型发电机变压器保护的现状及存在的问题. 继电器,2000,28(7):45～49