含铋微纳材料的合成及其物性研究
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摘要
本论文旨在探索利用水热法、前驱物模板法合成含铋半导体材料的微纳结构,并对所制得的微纳结构进行表征,研究了其生长机理,测试了光催化性质。论文的主要研究内容可以分为三个部分:
1.以聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂,五水合硝酸铋(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O)与氢氧化钠(NaOH)为原料,通过水热法合成出分散性好、无聚集的三氧化二铋(Bi2O3)亚微米棒;初步探讨了形成棒状、迭层状、麦穗状Bi2O3亚微米棒的形成机理,并研究了Bi2O3亚微米棒的紫外可见光吸收,通过对吸收光谱的计算,得到能带间隙为2.64eV。
2.我们利用一种简单易行的DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)水热法合成了花状甲酸氧铋多级纳米结构。以此花状甲酸氧铋多级纳米结构为前驱物,热解法制备了氧化铋花状纳米多级结构。这是首次合成花状氧化铋多级纳米结构。所制备的花状氧化铋多级纳米结构的能隙在可见光范围内,是一种可见光响应的光催化材料,能有效降解罗丹明B,可望拓展到降解有机污染物。这种微纳结构有望应用于光催化清洁器、光电装置、水的纯化和环境清洁和太阳能转化。另外,通过对前驱物的光催化降解实验,发现甲酸氧铋花状纳米多级结构具有更优异的可见光响应的光催化降解能力,可望成为一种新的可见光光催化材料。
3.通过控制微波辐射首次制备出晶粒长度为300-400nm,直径为100-200nm的BiPO4纺锤型纳米颗粒。通过XRD、SEM和TEM对制得的纳米粉体进行了表征。考查了不同的反应时间,不同的反应温度对产物形貌的影响。结果表明当反应温度为180°C,反应时间为15min时才能够得到BiPO4纺锤型纳米颗粒。
In this dissertation, we explored a facile and economical hydrothermal method and precursor template method to prepare bismuthal compounds micro/nanostructures, respectively. The structure and the morphologies of samples and the formation mechanism were studied. Furthermore, the photocatalytic properties of the samples were also investigated.
The scientific details could be divided into three parts as followings:
1.Bismuth oxide submicrorods were prepared by hydrothermal method using Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and NaOH as starting materials and PEG as surfactant. The formation mechanism on the products of three different morphologies was investigated. The optical properties of the bismuth oxide were studied and the value of energy gap calculated from the absorption spectra, was about 2.64eV.
2. BiOCOOH 3D flowerlike nanostructures have been successfully synthesized by a facile and economical DMF hydrothermal process, which was used as precursor template to synthesis of Bi2O2CO3 and Bismuth Oxide. In order to study the photocatalytic of the as-synthesized Bismuth Oxide structures, these samples were applied to decompose a typical textile industry pollution Rhodamine B under exposure to Xe lamp irradiation. Therefore, the preparation and property studies of Bismuth Oxide structures suggest the potential future applications in photocatalysis by sunlight.
3. Bismuth phosphate microspindles have been synthesized on a large scale by a convenient microwave method. The effects of reaction time and temperature were studied. The samples were investigated by means of XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. The length of bismuth phosphate microspindls was about 300-400nm, and the diameter was about 100-200nm.
1.以聚乙二醇(PEG)为表面活性剂,五水合硝酸铋(Bi(NO3)3·5H2O)与氢氧化钠(NaOH)为原料,通过水热法合成出分散性好、无聚集的三氧化二铋(Bi2O3)亚微米棒;初步探讨了形成棒状、迭层状、麦穗状Bi2O3亚微米棒的形成机理,并研究了Bi2O3亚微米棒的紫外可见光吸收,通过对吸收光谱的计算,得到能带间隙为2.64eV。
2.我们利用一种简单易行的DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)水热法合成了花状甲酸氧铋多级纳米结构。以此花状甲酸氧铋多级纳米结构为前驱物,热解法制备了氧化铋花状纳米多级结构。这是首次合成花状氧化铋多级纳米结构。所制备的花状氧化铋多级纳米结构的能隙在可见光范围内,是一种可见光响应的光催化材料,能有效降解罗丹明B,可望拓展到降解有机污染物。这种微纳结构有望应用于光催化清洁器、光电装置、水的纯化和环境清洁和太阳能转化。另外,通过对前驱物的光催化降解实验,发现甲酸氧铋花状纳米多级结构具有更优异的可见光响应的光催化降解能力,可望成为一种新的可见光光催化材料。
3.通过控制微波辐射首次制备出晶粒长度为300-400nm,直径为100-200nm的BiPO4纺锤型纳米颗粒。通过XRD、SEM和TEM对制得的纳米粉体进行了表征。考查了不同的反应时间,不同的反应温度对产物形貌的影响。结果表明当反应温度为180°C,反应时间为15min时才能够得到BiPO4纺锤型纳米颗粒。
In this dissertation, we explored a facile and economical hydrothermal method and precursor template method to prepare bismuthal compounds micro/nanostructures, respectively. The structure and the morphologies of samples and the formation mechanism were studied. Furthermore, the photocatalytic properties of the samples were also investigated.
The scientific details could be divided into three parts as followings:
1.Bismuth oxide submicrorods were prepared by hydrothermal method using Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and NaOH as starting materials and PEG as surfactant. The formation mechanism on the products of three different morphologies was investigated. The optical properties of the bismuth oxide were studied and the value of energy gap calculated from the absorption spectra, was about 2.64eV.
2. BiOCOOH 3D flowerlike nanostructures have been successfully synthesized by a facile and economical DMF hydrothermal process, which was used as precursor template to synthesis of Bi2O2CO3 and Bismuth Oxide. In order to study the photocatalytic of the as-synthesized Bismuth Oxide structures, these samples were applied to decompose a typical textile industry pollution Rhodamine B under exposure to Xe lamp irradiation. Therefore, the preparation and property studies of Bismuth Oxide structures suggest the potential future applications in photocatalysis by sunlight.
3. Bismuth phosphate microspindles have been synthesized on a large scale by a convenient microwave method. The effects of reaction time and temperature were studied. The samples were investigated by means of XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. The length of bismuth phosphate microspindls was about 300-400nm, and the diameter was about 100-200nm.
引文
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