三毫米波三倍频器研究
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摘要
随着现代通信和雷达技术的发展，先进电子系统对毫米波频率源的要求越来越高。简单的毫米波固态源的频率稳定度和相位噪声较差，难以满足要求，因此有必要研究W波段倍频源。
本文首先回顾了毫米波微带传输线的传输特性和不连续性。而后介绍了PN结变容管的特性及变容管倍频器倍频原理，这是研究非线性电抗倍频器的理论基础。非线性电路分析是倍频器设计的关键，只有对器件本身和外围电路有个透彻的了解，准确给出嵌入阻抗，才能对外围电路进行设计，因此本文给出了几种非线性电路分析方法。本文采用微带线作为毫米波集成电路的传输线，运用HP ADS软件进行优化得出微带低通滤波器、带通滤波器、各匹配电路及空闲回路和偏置电路。最后对微带到波导的过渡形式进行了探讨，本文采用了余弦平方函数对极鳍线过渡。采用突变结变容管管芯研制完成的三毫米波微带集成变容管三倍频器，其输出功率为0.12mW，变频效率为0.12％。
With the developing of millimeter-wave communication and radar, the demand on millimeter-wave source is more and more strict. And millimeter-wave solid-state oscillators cant meet the demands of some systems. It is necessary to develop W-band multiplier source. Microstrip integrated varactor multipliers at W-band are studied.
First of all, the character of the microstrip transmission line is introduced. Then the character of the PN-varactor dioide and the principle of frequency multiplier are studied. At millimeter waves a PN-varactor is ofen driven into forward conduction region where the multiplication is partly resistive. Due to this it is essential to know the multiplier performance with arbitrary set of diode and embedding network parameters. So several kinds of analysis methods of nonlinear microwave circuits are given. Microstrip is used as transmission line of varactor tripler circuitry. Then relying on the HP ADS software, the low pass filter, the band pass filter, embedding impedances matched circuits, idler circuitry and bias voltage circuit are designed. The antipodal-finline transition is used in order to test conveniently. The experiments identify that the circuit structures are reasonable. The power of the output is about 0.12mW and the efficiency is 0.12%.
本文首先回顾了毫米波微带传输线的传输特性和不连续性。而后介绍了PN结变容管的特性及变容管倍频器倍频原理，这是研究非线性电抗倍频器的理论基础。非线性电路分析是倍频器设计的关键，只有对器件本身和外围电路有个透彻的了解，准确给出嵌入阻抗，才能对外围电路进行设计，因此本文给出了几种非线性电路分析方法。本文采用微带线作为毫米波集成电路的传输线，运用HP ADS软件进行优化得出微带低通滤波器、带通滤波器、各匹配电路及空闲回路和偏置电路。最后对微带到波导的过渡形式进行了探讨，本文采用了余弦平方函数对极鳍线过渡。采用突变结变容管管芯研制完成的三毫米波微带集成变容管三倍频器，其输出功率为0.12mW，变频效率为0.12％。
With the developing of millimeter-wave communication and radar, the demand on millimeter-wave source is more and more strict. And millimeter-wave solid-state oscillators cant meet the demands of some systems. It is necessary to develop W-band multiplier source. Microstrip integrated varactor multipliers at W-band are studied.
First of all, the character of the microstrip transmission line is introduced. Then the character of the PN-varactor dioide and the principle of frequency multiplier are studied. At millimeter waves a PN-varactor is ofen driven into forward conduction region where the multiplication is partly resistive. Due to this it is essential to know the multiplier performance with arbitrary set of diode and embedding network parameters. So several kinds of analysis methods of nonlinear microwave circuits are given. Microstrip is used as transmission line of varactor tripler circuitry. Then relying on the HP ADS software, the low pass filter, the band pass filter, embedding impedances matched circuits, idler circuitry and bias voltage circuit are designed. The antipodal-finline transition is used in order to test conveniently. The experiments identify that the circuit structures are reasonable. The power of the output is about 0.12mW and the efficiency is 0.12%.
引文
(1) T.Takada etc. , "Hybrid integrated frequency doubters and triplers to 300Ghz and 450GHz", IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.28, No.9, 1980,pp.966-973．
(2) J.W.Archer, "Millimeter wavelength frequency multipliers", IEEE Trans-MTT.Vol.29, No.6, 1981,pp.552-557．
(3) N.R.Erickson, "a High efficiency frequency tripler for 230GHz", 12th European Microwave Conference, 1982,pp.288-292．
(4) J.W.Archer, "an Efficient 200-290-GHz tripler incorporating a novel stripline structure ", IEEE Trans-MTT.Vol.32,No.4,1984,pp416-420．
(5) F.Maiwald etc. , "Planar schottky diode frequency multiplier for molecular spectroscopy up to 1． 3 THz", IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS,VOL.9, NO.5,1999,PP.198-200．
(6) J.W.Archer and M.T.Faber, "High-output, single-and dual-diode, millimeter-wave frequency doublers", IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.33, No.6, 1985,pp.533-538．
(7) R.Meola etc. , "Improved frequency tripler with integrated single-barrier varactor", Electronics Letters, Vol.36, No.9,April 2000, pp803-804．
(8) H.Wang etc. , "a W-band source module using MMIC's " , IEEE Trans-MTT, Vol. 43, pp.1010-1015． May 1995．
(9) T.Shimura etc. , "76 GHz flip-chip MMIC's for automotive radars", in IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp. Dig. ,1998 , pp. 25-28．
(10) H.Zirath etc. , "A balanced W-band HFET doubler", in European Microwave Conf. Dig. ,1993, pp. 837-839．
(11) Y.Campos-Roca etc. , "Conplanar pHEMT MMIC frequency multipliers for 76-GHz automotive radar " , IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters ,Vol. 9, No.6 ,JUNE 1999 ,pp. 242-244．
(12) R.S.Tahim etc. , "High-efficeny Q-To-W-Band frequency doubler", Electronics Letters, 17th March 1983 Vol.19 No.6． pp.219-220．
(13) Cam Nguyen , "a 35% Bandwidth Q-to-W-band frequency
doubler", Microwave Journal Sep. 1987, pp.232-235.
(14) A.Rahal etc., "Planar multi-stack quantum barrier varactor tripler evaluation at W-band", Electronics Letters, 9th Nov. 1995 Vol.31 No.23. pp.2022-2023.
(15) Seng-Woon Chen etc., "Rigorous analysis and design of a high-performance 94GHz MMIC doubler", IEEE Trans-MTT,Vol.4 l,No. 12,Dec. 1993,pp.2317-2322.
(16) Cam Nguyen, "Development of an extremely wide-band planar frequency doubler from Q-band to W-band", international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol.8, No.3, pp.199-205, 1987.
(17) 清华大学微带电路编写组．微带电路．人民邮电出版社，1976．303～319．
(18) 薛良金．毫米波工程基础．国防工业出版社，1998．
(19) 高葆新．微波电路计算机辅助设计．清华大学出版社．1988．
(20) 王蕴仪等．微波器件与电路．江苏科学技术出版社，1981．49～54．
(21) 黄香馥等．微波固体电路．成都电讯工程学院出版社，1988．70～72．
(22) J.M.Manley and H.E.Rowe, "Some general properties of nonlinear elements---Part Ⅰ: General energy relations" Proc. IRE, Vol.44. pp.904--913, 1956.
(23) P.penfield and R.P.Rafuse, Varactor Applications,Cambridge MIT ress, 1962.
(24) E.Bava etc., "Analysis of varactor frequency multipliers: nonlinear behavior and hysteresis phenomena", IEEE Trans-MTT,Vol.27,No.2,Feb. 1979,pp.141-147.
(25) Timo J. Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen, "an Efficent schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter wave. Part Ⅰ: Doubler", international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol.8, No.10, pp.1313-1336, 1987.
(26) Timo J. Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen, "an Efficent schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter wave. Part Ⅱ: Tripler", international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol.8, No.10, pp.1337-1353, 1987.
(27) Timo J. Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen, "Analysis and design of 130-250 GHz frequency multipliers", 18th European Microwave Conference, 1988, pp.376-381.
(28) 曾学刚．微波非线性电路理论研究的新进展．电子学报，Vol．24，No．6,June 1996，pp．92-99．
(29) 李征帆．时域微波领域的进展．电子学报，Vol．16，No．5，Sep．1985，pp．93-102．
(30) 王惠功等编译．非线性微波毫米波电路分析与设计．北京邮电学院出版社，1991．60～85．
(31) K.G.格普塔等．微波电路计算机辅助设计．科学出版社，1986．
(32) 杨涛．基于非线性传输线的40---60GHz宽带三倍频器．[电子科技大学硕士论文]，1997．
(33) Belcourt F et al. Electrical CAD analysis for multiplayer package design.ISHM conference. Atlanta, Georgia. 1986, 802～807.
(34) 任怀龙．高密度封装的建模分析．微电子学，Vol．24，No．5，Oct 1984,44～48．
(35) 吴万春，集成固体微波电路．国防工业出版社，1981．
(36) 唐汉，微波原理．南京大学出版社，1990．
(37) 肖仕伟．三毫米波二倍频器研究．电子科技大学硕士论文，1999．
(38) 卜瑞锋 樊勇．3mm变容二极管三倍频器研究．全国微波毫米波会议论文集，成都：中国电子学会，2001．10，461～463．
(2) J.W.Archer, "Millimeter wavelength frequency multipliers", IEEE Trans-MTT.Vol.29, No.6, 1981,pp.552-557．
(3) N.R.Erickson, "a High efficiency frequency tripler for 230GHz", 12th European Microwave Conference, 1982,pp.288-292．
(4) J.W.Archer, "an Efficient 200-290-GHz tripler incorporating a novel stripline structure ", IEEE Trans-MTT.Vol.32,No.4,1984,pp416-420．
(5) F.Maiwald etc. , "Planar schottky diode frequency multiplier for molecular spectroscopy up to 1． 3 THz", IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS,VOL.9, NO.5,1999,PP.198-200．
(6) J.W.Archer and M.T.Faber, "High-output, single-and dual-diode, millimeter-wave frequency doublers", IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.33, No.6, 1985,pp.533-538．
(7) R.Meola etc. , "Improved frequency tripler with integrated single-barrier varactor", Electronics Letters, Vol.36, No.9,April 2000, pp803-804．
(8) H.Wang etc. , "a W-band source module using MMIC's " , IEEE Trans-MTT, Vol. 43, pp.1010-1015． May 1995．
(9) T.Shimura etc. , "76 GHz flip-chip MMIC's for automotive radars", in IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symp. Dig. ,1998 , pp. 25-28．
(10) H.Zirath etc. , "A balanced W-band HFET doubler", in European Microwave Conf. Dig. ,1993, pp. 837-839．
(11) Y.Campos-Roca etc. , "Conplanar pHEMT MMIC frequency multipliers for 76-GHz automotive radar " , IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters ,Vol. 9, No.6 ,JUNE 1999 ,pp. 242-244．
(12) R.S.Tahim etc. , "High-efficeny Q-To-W-Band frequency doubler", Electronics Letters, 17th March 1983 Vol.19 No.6． pp.219-220．
(13) Cam Nguyen , "a 35% Bandwidth Q-to-W-band frequency
doubler", Microwave Journal Sep. 1987, pp.232-235.
(14) A.Rahal etc., "Planar multi-stack quantum barrier varactor tripler evaluation at W-band", Electronics Letters, 9th Nov. 1995 Vol.31 No.23. pp.2022-2023.
(15) Seng-Woon Chen etc., "Rigorous analysis and design of a high-performance 94GHz MMIC doubler", IEEE Trans-MTT,Vol.4 l,No. 12,Dec. 1993,pp.2317-2322.
(16) Cam Nguyen, "Development of an extremely wide-band planar frequency doubler from Q-band to W-band", international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol.8, No.3, pp.199-205, 1987.
(17) 清华大学微带电路编写组．微带电路．人民邮电出版社，1976．303～319．
(18) 薛良金．毫米波工程基础．国防工业出版社，1998．
(19) 高葆新．微波电路计算机辅助设计．清华大学出版社．1988．
(20) 王蕴仪等．微波器件与电路．江苏科学技术出版社，1981．49～54．
(21) 黄香馥等．微波固体电路．成都电讯工程学院出版社，1988．70～72．
(22) J.M.Manley and H.E.Rowe, "Some general properties of nonlinear elements---Part Ⅰ: General energy relations" Proc. IRE, Vol.44. pp.904--913, 1956.
(23) P.penfield and R.P.Rafuse, Varactor Applications,Cambridge MIT ress, 1962.
(24) E.Bava etc., "Analysis of varactor frequency multipliers: nonlinear behavior and hysteresis phenomena", IEEE Trans-MTT,Vol.27,No.2,Feb. 1979,pp.141-147.
(25) Timo J. Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen, "an Efficent schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter wave. Part Ⅰ: Doubler", international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol.8, No.10, pp.1313-1336, 1987.
(26) Timo J. Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen, "an Efficent schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter wave. Part Ⅱ: Tripler", international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol.8, No.10, pp.1337-1353, 1987.
(27) Timo J. Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen, "Analysis and design of 130-250 GHz frequency multipliers", 18th European Microwave Conference, 1988, pp.376-381.
(28) 曾学刚．微波非线性电路理论研究的新进展．电子学报，Vol．24，No．6,June 1996，pp．92-99．
(29) 李征帆．时域微波领域的进展．电子学报，Vol．16，No．5，Sep．1985，pp．93-102．
(30) 王惠功等编译．非线性微波毫米波电路分析与设计．北京邮电学院出版社，1991．60～85．
(31) K.G.格普塔等．微波电路计算机辅助设计．科学出版社，1986．
(32) 杨涛．基于非线性传输线的40---60GHz宽带三倍频器．[电子科技大学硕士论文]，1997．
(33) Belcourt F et al. Electrical CAD analysis for multiplayer package design.ISHM conference. Atlanta, Georgia. 1986, 802～807.
(34) 任怀龙．高密度封装的建模分析．微电子学，Vol．24，No．5，Oct 1984,44～48．
(35) 吴万春，集成固体微波电路．国防工业出版社，1981．
(36) 唐汉，微波原理．南京大学出版社，1990．
(37) 肖仕伟．三毫米波二倍频器研究．电子科技大学硕士论文，1999．
(38) 卜瑞锋 樊勇．3mm变容二极管三倍频器研究．全国微波毫米波会议论文集，成都：中国电子学会，2001．10，461～463．