毫米波倍频器的研究
摘要
简单的毫米波固态源的频率稳定度和相位噪声较差，难以满足要求，采用低频率的高性能频率源倍频实现高性能的毫米波信号源是一种可行的方案，因此有必要研究毫米波倍频器。本文研究了毫米波微带传输线的特性，介绍了变容管的特性及变容管倍频器倍频原理，讨论了变容管倍频器的设计方法，采用微带线作为毫米波电路的传输线，运用ADS(Advanced Design System)2003A软件进行优化得出微带低通滤波器、带通滤波器、各匹配电路及偏置电路和交指隔直电路。最后对微带到波导的过渡形式进行了探讨，采用了双面对极鳍线过渡。采用突变结变容管研制完成的八毫米波微带变容管二倍频器。
With the developing of millimeter-wave communication and radar, the demand onmillimeter-wave source is more and more strict. And millimeter-wave solid-stateoscillators can't meet the demands of some systems. It is necessary to developmillimeter-wave multiplier source. First of all, the character of the micro strip transmissionline is introduced. Then the character of the varactor diode and the principle of frequencymultiplier are studied. And the design method of the frequency multiplier discussed.Microstrip is used as transmission line of varactor frequency multiplier circuitry. Thenrelying on the ADS(Advanced Design System) software, the low pass filter, the band passfilter, embedding impedances matched circuits, bias voltage circuitry and Interdigitalblocking circuit are designed. The double face great fins line transition is used in order totest conveniently. At last, an 8mm frequency multiplier is developed with varactor.
With the developing of millimeter-wave communication and radar, the demand onmillimeter-wave source is more and more strict. And millimeter-wave solid-stateoscillators can't meet the demands of some systems. It is necessary to developmillimeter-wave multiplier source. First of all, the character of the micro strip transmissionline is introduced. Then the character of the varactor diode and the principle of frequencymultiplier are studied. And the design method of the frequency multiplier discussed.Microstrip is used as transmission line of varactor frequency multiplier circuitry. Thenrelying on the ADS(Advanced Design System) software, the low pass filter, the band passfilter, embedding impedances matched circuits, bias voltage circuitry and Interdigitalblocking circuit are designed. The double face great fins line transition is used in order totest conveniently. At last, an 8mm frequency multiplier is developed with varactor.
引文
1 T.Takada etc. Hybrid integrated frequency doublers and triplers to 300GHz and 450GHz.IEEE Trans-MTT.Vol.28,No.9,1980,pp.966-973
2 J.W.Archer, Millimeter wavelength frequency multipliers. IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.29,No.6,1981,pp.552-557
3 N.R.Erickson, A High efficiency frequency tripler for 230GHz.12th European Microwave Conference, 1982,pp.288-292
4 J.W.Archer, An Efficient 200-290GHz tripler incorporating a novel stripline structure.IEEE Trans-MTT.Vol.32,No.4,1984,pp.416-420
5 F.Maiwald etc..Planar schottky diode frequency multiplier for molecular spectroscopy up to 1.3THz, IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS. Vol.9,No. 5,1999,pp. 198-200
6 J.W.Archer and M.T.Faber. High-output, single -and dual-diode,millimeter-wave frequency doublers. IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.33, No.6,1985,pp.533-538
7 R.Meola etc. Improved frequency tripler with integrated single-barrier varactor. Electronics Letters,Vol.36,No.9,April,2000,pp. 803-804
8 R.S.Tahim etc. High-efficeny Q-To-W-Band frequency doubler. Electronics Letters, 17th March 1983 Vol.19,No.6.pp.219-220
9 Cam Nguyen. A 35% Bandwidth Q-to-W-band frequency doubler. Microwave Journal Sep. 1987,pp.232-235
10 A.Rahal etc. Planar multi-stack quantum barrier varactor tripler evaluation at W-band. Electronics Letters,9th Nov. 1995 Vol.31 No.23,pp.2022-2023
11 Seng-Woon Chen etc. Rigorous analysis and design of a high-performance94GHz MMIC doubler. IEEE Trans-MTT, Vol.41,No. 12,Dec. 1993,pp.2317-2322
12 Cam Nguyen. Development of an extremely wide-band planar frequency doubler from Q-band to W-band. international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves.Vol. 8,No. 3,1987,pp. 199-205
13 J.M.Manley and H.E.Rowe. Some general properties of nonlinear elements—Part Ⅰ:General energy relations。Proc.IRE,Vol.44.1986,pp.904—913
14 P.Penfield and R.P.Rafuse. Varactor Applications,Cambridge MIT Press, 1962
15 E.Bava etc. Analysis of varactor frequency multipliers: nonlinear behavior and hysteresis phenomena. IEEE Trans-MTT, Vol.27,No.2,Feb. 1979,pp, 141-147
16 Timo J.Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen. an Efficent schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter wave. Part Ⅰ: Doubler international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,Vol.8,No. 10, 1987.pp. 1313-1336
17 Timo J.Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen. Analysis and design of 130-250 GHz frequency multipliers. 18th European Microwave Conference. 1988,pp.376-381
18 Pyle J R. The wavelength of the TE10 Mode in Ridged Rectangular Waveguide of any aspect ratio. IEEE Trans. MTT. Vol. 14, April 1966
19 Hoefer W J R and Burton M N. Closed from Expressions for the parameters of Finned and Ridged Waveguides. IEEE Trans., Microwave Theory Tech., Vol.MTT-30, Dec.1982, pp.2190～2194
20 Moochalla S S and An C. Ridge Waveguide used in Microstrip Transition. Microwave and RF. March 1984
21 Meier P J. Two New Integrated Circuit Media with Special Advantages at Millimeter Wavelengths. IEEE MTT Symposium Digest, May 1972, pp.222-223
22 Cam Nguyen. A 35% Bandwith Q-to-W-band frequency doubler. Microwave Journal,Sep. 1987, pp.232-235
23 33 F.Maiwald etc. Planar schottky diode frequency multiplier for molecular
24 M.T.Faber etc. A High efficiency frequency doubler for 100GHz. IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1985,pp.363-366
25 M.Siddiqui, M.Quijije, A. Lawrence, B. Pitman, R. Katz, P. Iran, A. Chau, D.Davison, S.Din, R.Lai, D. Streit. GaAs components for 60 GHz wireless communication applications.2002GaAs Mantech Conference
26 O.P.Lunden, etc. A 60-GHz LNA using commercially available PM HEMTs for intersatellite and mobile communications. IEEE MTT-s Digest. 1994,pp. 1341-1344
27 R.Meola etc. Improved frequency tripler with integrated single-barrier vararactor. Electronics Letters,Vol.36,No.9,April 2000,pp.803-804
28 C.B.Burckhardt. Analysis of varactor frequency multipliers for arbitrary capacitance variation and drive level. Bell System Tech. J.Vol.44,1965,pp.675-692
29 T.Q.HO,YI-CHI SHIH. Spectral-domain analysis of e-plane waveguide to microstrip transition. IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.37, 1989, pp.388-392
30 Yoke-Choy Leong, Sander Weinreb. Full band waveguide-to-microstrip probe transitions. IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1999, pp. 1435-1438
31 Hui-Wen Yao, Amr Abdelmonem, Ji-Fuh Liang, Kawthar A.Zaki. Analysis and design of microstrip-to-waveguide transitions. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. MTT-42, Dec. 1994, pp.2371-2380
32 Belcourt Fetal.Electrical CAD analysis for multiplayer package design.ISHM conference. Atlanta, Georgia. 1986,802-807
33 曾学刚．微波非线性电路理论研究的新进展．电子学报．Vol．24，No．6，June1996，pp．92-99
34 李征帆．时域微波领域的进展．电子学报．Vol．16，No．5，Sep．1985，pp．93-102
35 王秉中．计算鳍线特性阻抗的新公式．通信学报．1991／5，第12卷第3期，pp．66-69
36 王惠功等编译．非线性微波毫米波电路分析与设计．北京：邮电学院出版社．1991
37 K．G．格普塔等．微波电路计算机辅助设计．科学出版社．1986
38 吴万春．集成固体微波电路．国防工业出版．1981
39 唐汉．微波原理．南京：南京大学出版社．1990
40 清华大学《微带电路》编写组．微带电路．北京：人民邮电出版社，1975
41 薛良金．毫米波工程基础．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．2004
42 高葆新．微波电路计算机辅助设计．北京：清华大学出版社．1988
43 王班仪等．微波器件与电路．南京：江苏科学技术出版社．1981
44 黄香馥等．微波固体电路．成都：成都电讯工程学院出版社．1988
45 顾继慧．微波技术．南京：南京理工大学出版社．1999
46 李嗣范．微波元件原理与设计．北京：人民邮电出版社．1982
47 肖仕伟．三毫米波二倍频器研究．电子科技大学硕士论文．1999
48 卜瑞峰．三毫米波三倍频器的研究．电子科技大学硕士论文．2002
2 J.W.Archer, Millimeter wavelength frequency multipliers. IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.29,No.6,1981,pp.552-557
3 N.R.Erickson, A High efficiency frequency tripler for 230GHz.12th European Microwave Conference, 1982,pp.288-292
4 J.W.Archer, An Efficient 200-290GHz tripler incorporating a novel stripline structure.IEEE Trans-MTT.Vol.32,No.4,1984,pp.416-420
5 F.Maiwald etc..Planar schottky diode frequency multiplier for molecular spectroscopy up to 1.3THz, IEEE MICROWAVE AND GUIDED WAVE LETTERS. Vol.9,No. 5,1999,pp. 198-200
6 J.W.Archer and M.T.Faber. High-output, single -and dual-diode,millimeter-wave frequency doublers. IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.33, No.6,1985,pp.533-538
7 R.Meola etc. Improved frequency tripler with integrated single-barrier varactor. Electronics Letters,Vol.36,No.9,April,2000,pp. 803-804
8 R.S.Tahim etc. High-efficeny Q-To-W-Band frequency doubler. Electronics Letters, 17th March 1983 Vol.19,No.6.pp.219-220
9 Cam Nguyen. A 35% Bandwidth Q-to-W-band frequency doubler. Microwave Journal Sep. 1987,pp.232-235
10 A.Rahal etc. Planar multi-stack quantum barrier varactor tripler evaluation at W-band. Electronics Letters,9th Nov. 1995 Vol.31 No.23,pp.2022-2023
11 Seng-Woon Chen etc. Rigorous analysis and design of a high-performance94GHz MMIC doubler. IEEE Trans-MTT, Vol.41,No. 12,Dec. 1993,pp.2317-2322
12 Cam Nguyen. Development of an extremely wide-band planar frequency doubler from Q-band to W-band. international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves.Vol. 8,No. 3,1987,pp. 199-205
13 J.M.Manley and H.E.Rowe. Some general properties of nonlinear elements—Part Ⅰ:General energy relations。Proc.IRE,Vol.44.1986,pp.904—913
14 P.Penfield and R.P.Rafuse. Varactor Applications,Cambridge MIT Press, 1962
15 E.Bava etc. Analysis of varactor frequency multipliers: nonlinear behavior and hysteresis phenomena. IEEE Trans-MTT, Vol.27,No.2,Feb. 1979,pp, 141-147
16 Timo J.Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen. an Efficent schottky-varactor frequency multiplier at millimeter wave. Part Ⅰ: Doubler international Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves,Vol.8,No. 10, 1987.pp. 1313-1336
17 Timo J.Tolmunen and Antti V. Raisanen. Analysis and design of 130-250 GHz frequency multipliers. 18th European Microwave Conference. 1988,pp.376-381
18 Pyle J R. The wavelength of the TE10 Mode in Ridged Rectangular Waveguide of any aspect ratio. IEEE Trans. MTT. Vol. 14, April 1966
19 Hoefer W J R and Burton M N. Closed from Expressions for the parameters of Finned and Ridged Waveguides. IEEE Trans., Microwave Theory Tech., Vol.MTT-30, Dec.1982, pp.2190～2194
20 Moochalla S S and An C. Ridge Waveguide used in Microstrip Transition. Microwave and RF. March 1984
21 Meier P J. Two New Integrated Circuit Media with Special Advantages at Millimeter Wavelengths. IEEE MTT Symposium Digest, May 1972, pp.222-223
22 Cam Nguyen. A 35% Bandwith Q-to-W-band frequency doubler. Microwave Journal,Sep. 1987, pp.232-235
23 33 F.Maiwald etc. Planar schottky diode frequency multiplier for molecular
24 M.T.Faber etc. A High efficiency frequency doubler for 100GHz. IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1985,pp.363-366
25 M.Siddiqui, M.Quijije, A. Lawrence, B. Pitman, R. Katz, P. Iran, A. Chau, D.Davison, S.Din, R.Lai, D. Streit. GaAs components for 60 GHz wireless communication applications.2002GaAs Mantech Conference
26 O.P.Lunden, etc. A 60-GHz LNA using commercially available PM HEMTs for intersatellite and mobile communications. IEEE MTT-s Digest. 1994,pp. 1341-1344
27 R.Meola etc. Improved frequency tripler with integrated single-barrier vararactor. Electronics Letters,Vol.36,No.9,April 2000,pp.803-804
28 C.B.Burckhardt. Analysis of varactor frequency multipliers for arbitrary capacitance variation and drive level. Bell System Tech. J.Vol.44,1965,pp.675-692
29 T.Q.HO,YI-CHI SHIH. Spectral-domain analysis of e-plane waveguide to microstrip transition. IEEE Trans-MTT. Vol.37, 1989, pp.388-392
30 Yoke-Choy Leong, Sander Weinreb. Full band waveguide-to-microstrip probe transitions. IEEE MTT-S Digest, 1999, pp. 1435-1438
31 Hui-Wen Yao, Amr Abdelmonem, Ji-Fuh Liang, Kawthar A.Zaki. Analysis and design of microstrip-to-waveguide transitions. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. MTT-42, Dec. 1994, pp.2371-2380
32 Belcourt Fetal.Electrical CAD analysis for multiplayer package design.ISHM conference. Atlanta, Georgia. 1986,802-807
33 曾学刚．微波非线性电路理论研究的新进展．电子学报．Vol．24，No．6，June1996，pp．92-99
34 李征帆．时域微波领域的进展．电子学报．Vol．16，No．5，Sep．1985，pp．93-102
35 王秉中．计算鳍线特性阻抗的新公式．通信学报．1991／5，第12卷第3期，pp．66-69
36 王惠功等编译．非线性微波毫米波电路分析与设计．北京：邮电学院出版社．1991
37 K．G．格普塔等．微波电路计算机辅助设计．科学出版社．1986
38 吴万春．集成固体微波电路．国防工业出版．1981
39 唐汉．微波原理．南京：南京大学出版社．1990
40 清华大学《微带电路》编写组．微带电路．北京：人民邮电出版社，1975
41 薛良金．毫米波工程基础．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．2004
42 高葆新．微波电路计算机辅助设计．北京：清华大学出版社．1988
43 王班仪等．微波器件与电路．南京：江苏科学技术出版社．1981
44 黄香馥等．微波固体电路．成都：成都电讯工程学院出版社．1988
45 顾继慧．微波技术．南京：南京理工大学出版社．1999
46 李嗣范．微波元件原理与设计．北京：人民邮电出版社．1982
47 肖仕伟．三毫米波二倍频器研究．电子科技大学硕士论文．1999
48 卜瑞峰．三毫米波三倍频器的研究．电子科技大学硕士论文．2002