三塘湖盆地牛圈湖区微观孔隙结构及渗流特征研究
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摘要
针对三塘湖盆地牛圈湖区块齐古、头屯河组储层孔隙结构和流体的渗流特征的研究相对较少的现状,为了提高研究区储层油气采收率及改善储层的开发效果,本文通过铸体薄片、扫描电镜、常规高压压汞、恒速压汞、真实砂岩微观水驱油、核磁共振等实验手段深入研究了研究区砂岩储层岩石的孔隙结构特征及其微观渗流特征。认识到研究区砂岩储层的微观孔隙结构复杂,非均质性较强,注水开发水驱油效率差,其主要原因是由储层的微观非均质性较强所致。
通过研究认识到研究区齐古组、头屯河组储层划分为辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,其孔隙类型主要以粒间孔为主,占总孔隙含量的65.50%左右,而粒间溶孔、长石溶孔和岩屑溶孔次之,碳酸盐溶孔和杂基溶孔很少。属于中孔隙、细喉道和中喉道类型。研究区砂岩储层的孔隙分布较为集中,储集层非均质性主要由喉道非均质性引起。
成岩作用主要发育有:压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶解作用;相对于压实作用,胶结作用对于研究区砂岩储层孔隙度的降低具有更直接的影响(胶结过程中孔隙损失率为63.75%)。根据成岩阶段划分及标准,研究区目的层位储集层处于早成岩阶段晚期到晚成岩阶段早期。
砂岩模型水驱油实验中观察到,孔隙结构非均质性对驱油效率的影响十分突出。
In view of few researches into pore textures and fluid filtration characteristics of Qiguzu-toutunhezu reservoir in Niuquanhu block in Santanghu Basin, in order to enhance the hydrocarbon recovery of the region of interest and improve the reservoir development effect, with the employment of the experiments like cast thin slice, scanning electron microscope, conventional high pressure mercury penetration, constant speed mercury penetration, true sandstone microscopic water/oil displacement and nuclear magnetic resonance, the thesis makes a thorough research into pore texture characteristics and microscopic filtration characteristics of the sandstone reservoir. The research shows that the microscopic pore textures are complicated, the anisotropy is high and waterflood development water/oil displacement efficiency is low, which are mainly caused by the high microscopic anisotropy of the reservoir.
Specially, the research shows that Qiguzu-toutunhezu reservoir belongs to braided delta front intrafacies, the intergranular pore is the main type of pores, which take up 65.50 percent of total pores, intergranular dissolved pores, feldspar dissolved pores and lithic dissolved pores are on the second place, and there are few carbonate dissolved pores. The reservoir belongs to mesopore-fine throat and mesopore-medium throat. The pore distribution of the sandstone reservoir is comparatively centralized. The reservoir inhomogeneity is mainly caused by the throat inhomogeneity.
Diagenesis mainly includes compaction, cementation, metasomatism and dissolution. Compared with compaction, cementation exerts more direct impact on the decline of the porosity of the sandstone reservoir (pore loss factor is 63.75 percent in the cementing process). Based on the classification of diagenetic stages, the reservoir diagenesis is on the stage of the late period of early diagenetic stage to early period of late diagenetic stage.
The water/oil displacement experiment shows that inhomogeneity of pore texture exerts great impact on displacement efficiency.
通过研究认识到研究区齐古组、头屯河组储层划分为辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,其孔隙类型主要以粒间孔为主,占总孔隙含量的65.50%左右,而粒间溶孔、长石溶孔和岩屑溶孔次之,碳酸盐溶孔和杂基溶孔很少。属于中孔隙、细喉道和中喉道类型。研究区砂岩储层的孔隙分布较为集中,储集层非均质性主要由喉道非均质性引起。
成岩作用主要发育有:压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用和溶解作用;相对于压实作用,胶结作用对于研究区砂岩储层孔隙度的降低具有更直接的影响(胶结过程中孔隙损失率为63.75%)。根据成岩阶段划分及标准,研究区目的层位储集层处于早成岩阶段晚期到晚成岩阶段早期。
砂岩模型水驱油实验中观察到,孔隙结构非均质性对驱油效率的影响十分突出。
In view of few researches into pore textures and fluid filtration characteristics of Qiguzu-toutunhezu reservoir in Niuquanhu block in Santanghu Basin, in order to enhance the hydrocarbon recovery of the region of interest and improve the reservoir development effect, with the employment of the experiments like cast thin slice, scanning electron microscope, conventional high pressure mercury penetration, constant speed mercury penetration, true sandstone microscopic water/oil displacement and nuclear magnetic resonance, the thesis makes a thorough research into pore texture characteristics and microscopic filtration characteristics of the sandstone reservoir. The research shows that the microscopic pore textures are complicated, the anisotropy is high and waterflood development water/oil displacement efficiency is low, which are mainly caused by the high microscopic anisotropy of the reservoir.
Specially, the research shows that Qiguzu-toutunhezu reservoir belongs to braided delta front intrafacies, the intergranular pore is the main type of pores, which take up 65.50 percent of total pores, intergranular dissolved pores, feldspar dissolved pores and lithic dissolved pores are on the second place, and there are few carbonate dissolved pores. The reservoir belongs to mesopore-fine throat and mesopore-medium throat. The pore distribution of the sandstone reservoir is comparatively centralized. The reservoir inhomogeneity is mainly caused by the throat inhomogeneity.
Diagenesis mainly includes compaction, cementation, metasomatism and dissolution. Compared with compaction, cementation exerts more direct impact on the decline of the porosity of the sandstone reservoir (pore loss factor is 63.75 percent in the cementing process). Based on the classification of diagenetic stages, the reservoir diagenesis is on the stage of the late period of early diagenetic stage to early period of late diagenetic stage.
The water/oil displacement experiment shows that inhomogeneity of pore texture exerts great impact on displacement efficiency.
引文
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