大庆油田低渗透储层渗流规律及数值模拟技术研究
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摘要
大庆油田低渗透储层有效开发已经成为大庆油田增加可采储量、保持油田持续稳产4000万吨的重要措施。渗流规律研究及数值模拟技术研究是低渗透储层开发的基础和重要技术手段。“大庆油田低渗透储层渗流规律及数值模拟技术研究”论文以大庆长垣油田表外储层和外围油田的低渗透储层为研究对象，通过对大量低渗透岩样数据统计，实际样品室内实验研究，给出了启动压力变化规律及相渗曲线特征，在此基础上，建立了考虑启动压力、压敏效应的非线性渗流数学模型，推导建立了全隐式数值模型，并在大庆自主裂缝油藏数值模拟软件DQDual的框架下，实现了低渗透油藏非线性渗流模拟功能，用概念模型进行了验证，并在实际区块进行了应用。取得的主要成果如下：
1）通过对大庆长垣油田表外低渗透储层及外围油田低渗透储层已有岩样数据统计及部分岩样的室内实验研究，结果表明，无论是长垣油田的表外低渗透储层，还是外围油田的低渗透储层，均存在启动压力和压敏效应，随着渗透率的降低，应力敏感效应增大；相渗曲线共性表现为束缚水饱和度高，残余油饱和度高，油相相对渗透率曲线下降快，水相相对渗透率曲线上升缓慢，表现为凹向饱和度轴的曲线特点。
2）在室内实验研究结果的基础上，同时考虑启动压力梯度和压敏效应，建立了三维三相的非线性渗流数学模型，推导了全隐式差分格式的数值模型，建立了数值求解非线性渗流问题的井-网格流动方程，构建了系数矩阵，及每个系数的计算公式。该套数学模型的建立及求解方法的形成，为低渗透储层数值模拟研究奠定了数学理论基础。
3）基于大庆裂缝油藏模拟器DqDual1.0，对其源码进行了剖析，在此基础上，修改增加了相应的模块，推出了具备模拟启动压力和压敏效应的非线性数值模拟器DqDual2.0。通过概念模型测试，计算结果合理，符合低渗透油田实际开发特点。
4）该研究成果应用于长垣油田表外低渗透储层与表内薄差层组合开发研究中，给出了不同组合方式的开采效果；应用于大庆外围油田的实际开发区块中，历史拟合精度达到87%。
论文的研究内容及取得的成果明确了大庆低渗透储层的渗流规律，建立了有效的数值模拟模型，能较真实反映出低渗透油藏的开发规律，适应外围油田开发实际，为低渗透油藏有效开发技术的研究提供理论依据和方向指导，为低渗透储层的开发方案制定和效果预测提供了技术手段，具有一定的理论价值和应用前景。
It is important to develop low-permeability reservoirs effectively inorder to increaserecoverable reserves and keep the stable production target of40million tons annually in DaqingOil Field. Study on the seepage rules and numerical simulation is the basis and key technicalmehod. In this thesis“Study on the Seepage Rules and Numerical Simulation Technology ofLow-permeability Reservoirs in Daqing Oil Field”, untabulated reservoirs inLamadian-Saertu-Xingshugang oil field and low-permeability reservoirs in the peripheral oilfields are the objects of study. The variation rules of the starting pressure and the characteristicsof relative permeability curves are obtained through a great deal of cores data statistics andlaboratory experimental study. On this basis, a fully implicit numerical simulation model and amathematical model for nonlinear seepage considering both starting pressure andcompression-sensitivity are developed. The nonlinear seepage simulation function for low-permeability reservoirs is carried out using the DQDual software which is self-developed byDaqing Oil Field for naturally fractured reservoirs. The simulation function is proved by aconceptual model and applied to some blocks in Daqing Oil Fields. Here are the main results:
1）The data statistics and laboratory experimental study for the cores of untabulatedreservoirs in Lamadian-Saertu-Xingshugang oil field and peripheral low-permeability reservoirsare anylized. The results show that starting pressure and compression-sensitivity presents in thetwo types of reservoirs. The compression-sensitivity increases when the permeability is lower.Besides, there are some common characters in the relative permeability curves that theirreducible water and residual oil saturation are high, the oil-phase curve drops fast while thewater-phase curve increases slowly showing a character that the curve is concave to thesaturation axis.
2）Based on the lab experimental results, we develop a three-dimensional and three-phasenonlinear seepage mathematical model, derive a fully implicit numerical model, and develop awell-grid flow equation for nonlinear seepage and the matrix including calculation formula forevery coefficient. Both starting pressure and compression-sensitivity are considered when all ofthe work above are carried out. The process of establishing the mathematical model anddeveloping the solution method is the mathematics basis for studying numerical simulation inlow-permeability reservoirs.
3） DQDual1.0software is a numerical simulator for naturally fractured reservoirs ofDaqing Oil Field. By analyzing the source code, we modify and insert some modules and thendevelop a nonlinear numerical simulator DQDual2.0which can simulate starting pressure andcompression-sensitivity. The simulation result is tested by conceptual models and proved to bereasonable. So, the simulator is suitable for developing low-permeability reservoirs.
4） The research results are applied in developing the untabulated low-permeabilityreservoirs in Lamadian-Saertu-Xingshugang oil field and the thin and poor reservoirs. Thenrecovery efficiency from different combined developing methods is presented. The history fittingprecision of the actual block application can reach87%in peripheral reservoirs of Daqing OilField.
The studying content and result can help to make clear the seepage rules of thelow-permeability reservoirs in Daqing. An effective numerical simulation model which issuitable for developing peripheral reservoirs is developed to reflect the development laws oflow-permeability reservoirs. The studying result offers some theory basis and direction for thestudy of developing low-permeability reservoirs. It also offers the technique for makingdevelopment plans and predicting development effect. So the study has important theoretic valueand application foreground.
1）通过对大庆长垣油田表外低渗透储层及外围油田低渗透储层已有岩样数据统计及部分岩样的室内实验研究，结果表明，无论是长垣油田的表外低渗透储层，还是外围油田的低渗透储层，均存在启动压力和压敏效应，随着渗透率的降低，应力敏感效应增大；相渗曲线共性表现为束缚水饱和度高，残余油饱和度高，油相相对渗透率曲线下降快，水相相对渗透率曲线上升缓慢，表现为凹向饱和度轴的曲线特点。
2）在室内实验研究结果的基础上，同时考虑启动压力梯度和压敏效应，建立了三维三相的非线性渗流数学模型，推导了全隐式差分格式的数值模型，建立了数值求解非线性渗流问题的井-网格流动方程，构建了系数矩阵，及每个系数的计算公式。该套数学模型的建立及求解方法的形成，为低渗透储层数值模拟研究奠定了数学理论基础。
3）基于大庆裂缝油藏模拟器DqDual1.0，对其源码进行了剖析，在此基础上，修改增加了相应的模块，推出了具备模拟启动压力和压敏效应的非线性数值模拟器DqDual2.0。通过概念模型测试，计算结果合理，符合低渗透油田实际开发特点。
4）该研究成果应用于长垣油田表外低渗透储层与表内薄差层组合开发研究中，给出了不同组合方式的开采效果；应用于大庆外围油田的实际开发区块中，历史拟合精度达到87%。
论文的研究内容及取得的成果明确了大庆低渗透储层的渗流规律，建立了有效的数值模拟模型，能较真实反映出低渗透油藏的开发规律，适应外围油田开发实际，为低渗透油藏有效开发技术的研究提供理论依据和方向指导，为低渗透储层的开发方案制定和效果预测提供了技术手段，具有一定的理论价值和应用前景。
It is important to develop low-permeability reservoirs effectively inorder to increaserecoverable reserves and keep the stable production target of40million tons annually in DaqingOil Field. Study on the seepage rules and numerical simulation is the basis and key technicalmehod. In this thesis“Study on the Seepage Rules and Numerical Simulation Technology ofLow-permeability Reservoirs in Daqing Oil Field”, untabulated reservoirs inLamadian-Saertu-Xingshugang oil field and low-permeability reservoirs in the peripheral oilfields are the objects of study. The variation rules of the starting pressure and the characteristicsof relative permeability curves are obtained through a great deal of cores data statistics andlaboratory experimental study. On this basis, a fully implicit numerical simulation model and amathematical model for nonlinear seepage considering both starting pressure andcompression-sensitivity are developed. The nonlinear seepage simulation function for low-permeability reservoirs is carried out using the DQDual software which is self-developed byDaqing Oil Field for naturally fractured reservoirs. The simulation function is proved by aconceptual model and applied to some blocks in Daqing Oil Fields. Here are the main results:
1）The data statistics and laboratory experimental study for the cores of untabulatedreservoirs in Lamadian-Saertu-Xingshugang oil field and peripheral low-permeability reservoirsare anylized. The results show that starting pressure and compression-sensitivity presents in thetwo types of reservoirs. The compression-sensitivity increases when the permeability is lower.Besides, there are some common characters in the relative permeability curves that theirreducible water and residual oil saturation are high, the oil-phase curve drops fast while thewater-phase curve increases slowly showing a character that the curve is concave to thesaturation axis.
2）Based on the lab experimental results, we develop a three-dimensional and three-phasenonlinear seepage mathematical model, derive a fully implicit numerical model, and develop awell-grid flow equation for nonlinear seepage and the matrix including calculation formula forevery coefficient. Both starting pressure and compression-sensitivity are considered when all ofthe work above are carried out. The process of establishing the mathematical model anddeveloping the solution method is the mathematics basis for studying numerical simulation inlow-permeability reservoirs.
3） DQDual1.0software is a numerical simulator for naturally fractured reservoirs ofDaqing Oil Field. By analyzing the source code, we modify and insert some modules and thendevelop a nonlinear numerical simulator DQDual2.0which can simulate starting pressure andcompression-sensitivity. The simulation result is tested by conceptual models and proved to bereasonable. So, the simulator is suitable for developing low-permeability reservoirs.
4） The research results are applied in developing the untabulated low-permeabilityreservoirs in Lamadian-Saertu-Xingshugang oil field and the thin and poor reservoirs. Thenrecovery efficiency from different combined developing methods is presented. The history fittingprecision of the actual block application can reach87%in peripheral reservoirs of Daqing OilField.
The studying content and result can help to make clear the seepage rules of thelow-permeability reservoirs in Daqing. An effective numerical simulation model which issuitable for developing peripheral reservoirs is developed to reflect the development laws oflow-permeability reservoirs. The studying result offers some theory basis and direction for thestudy of developing low-permeability reservoirs. It also offers the technique for makingdevelopment plans and predicting development effect. So the study has important theoretic valueand application foreground.
引文
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