南黄海浮游细菌的分布特点与水文现象的影响研究
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摘要
本文采用表面荧光显微镜计数法和分级稀释培养技术对我国南黄海聚球蓝细菌和异养细菌在各个季节的分布特点、摄食压力的来源以及物理水文现象对其分布影响进行了研究,同时还对浮游细菌的年际变化进行了探讨。
1.春季三个航次中聚球蓝细菌平均丰度为3.71×10~4 cells/ml,生物量为10.91μg Cl~(-1);异养细菌平均丰度为3.86×10~5 cells/ml,生物量为17.72μg Cl~(-1)。在垂直方向上,聚球蓝细菌一直表现为中层>表层>底层,而异养细菌在每个航次中的表现都不尽相同,但总体来说仍是中上层丰度较大。
春末夏初,海区多种水团的存在导致水域水文现象复杂,其中潮汐锋、层化现象等对浮游细菌的分布产生很明显的影响。聚球藻(Synechococcus)蓝细菌生物量最大值主要分布于潮汐锋区及层化区表层和水体中层,异养细菌生物量最大值则多出现在混合区的表、底层和层化区的表层。
2.夏季对黄海冷水团鼎盛时期的浮游细菌的生态学研究表明:(1)垂直方向上聚球蓝细菌生物量和异养细菌的表现特点不同,聚球蓝细菌生物量的分布情况是中层>表层>底层;异养细菌丰度在垂直方向上的分布状况是表层>中层>底层。
(2)聚球蓝细菌对浮游植物总生物量的贡献为2~99%(平均为42.5%),异养细菌生物量与浮游植物总生物量的比值为0.05~6.37(平均为0.85)。(3)浮游细菌的分布于水体温度和盐度变化有一定关系,冷水团中的浮游细菌生物量最低。(4)小型浮游动物对聚球藻蓝细菌的捕食率为0.20~0.42/d。
3.秋冬季节,11月份黄海沿岸流比暖水流对聚球蓝细菌分布的影响要大,聚球蓝细菌主要分布在黄海沿岸流经过的南黄海北部水域;而异养细菌的分布在此时与聚球蓝细菌的分布恰恰相反。1月份,异养细菌的分布与暖流水的入侵有很好的相关性,主要分布在暖流水的舌锋位置34°N附近;聚球蓝细菌主要分布在暖流水经过的区域33~34.5°N。
秋、冬季,海区突出的水文特征为沿岸流及黄海暖流,它们的强弱、流向及分布直接影响了浮游细菌的分布状况。
We studied the seasonal distribution pattern of Cyanobacterium Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria with the epifluorescence microscope, the grazing pressure using size-classed and dilution method, and their relations with some important hydrological phenomenon on the bacterioplankton distribution, and samely discussed the potential annual variations of bacterioplankton in Southern Yellow Sea, China.
1. In spring, the average abundance and biomass of Synechococcus was 3.71×10~4 cells ml~(-1) and 10.91μg Cl~(-1) respectively, while those of heterotrophic bacteria was 3.86×10~5 cells ml~(-1) and 17.72μg Cl~(-1), based on the samples collected in June 2002, 2003 and 2004. With regard to their vertical distributions, Synechococcus always showed its density in the middle water layer (10~20m) and scarce in bottom water layer. Heterotrophic bacteria showed more in the middle and surface water layer, though it had some difference in the three cruises.
The distribution of bacterioplankton was influenced by the Yellow Sea Water and Subei Coastal water in surface water layer and by the Qingdao Cold Water Mass, Yellow Sea Water, Subei Coastal Water and the Changjiang (Yangtzriver) Dilution Water in bottom layer. Maximal biomass value of Synechococcus mainly occurred in the tidal front, or the middle water layer, the surface of the stratified zone. The maximal abundance of heterotrophic bacteria occurred in the surface, bottom waters in the mixed zone of different waters and the surface water in the stratified zone vertically. The tidal front might be an important factor to affect the distribution of bacterioplankton biomass in the late-spring and early-summer in the southern Yellow Sea.
2. In summer, the results showed: 1) the biomass value of Synechococcus ranged in
1.春季三个航次中聚球蓝细菌平均丰度为3.71×10~4 cells/ml,生物量为10.91μg Cl~(-1);异养细菌平均丰度为3.86×10~5 cells/ml,生物量为17.72μg Cl~(-1)。在垂直方向上,聚球蓝细菌一直表现为中层>表层>底层,而异养细菌在每个航次中的表现都不尽相同,但总体来说仍是中上层丰度较大。
春末夏初,海区多种水团的存在导致水域水文现象复杂,其中潮汐锋、层化现象等对浮游细菌的分布产生很明显的影响。聚球藻(Synechococcus)蓝细菌生物量最大值主要分布于潮汐锋区及层化区表层和水体中层,异养细菌生物量最大值则多出现在混合区的表、底层和层化区的表层。
2.夏季对黄海冷水团鼎盛时期的浮游细菌的生态学研究表明:(1)垂直方向上聚球蓝细菌生物量和异养细菌的表现特点不同,聚球蓝细菌生物量的分布情况是中层>表层>底层;异养细菌丰度在垂直方向上的分布状况是表层>中层>底层。
(2)聚球蓝细菌对浮游植物总生物量的贡献为2~99%(平均为42.5%),异养细菌生物量与浮游植物总生物量的比值为0.05~6.37(平均为0.85)。(3)浮游细菌的分布于水体温度和盐度变化有一定关系,冷水团中的浮游细菌生物量最低。(4)小型浮游动物对聚球藻蓝细菌的捕食率为0.20~0.42/d。
3.秋冬季节,11月份黄海沿岸流比暖水流对聚球蓝细菌分布的影响要大,聚球蓝细菌主要分布在黄海沿岸流经过的南黄海北部水域;而异养细菌的分布在此时与聚球蓝细菌的分布恰恰相反。1月份,异养细菌的分布与暖流水的入侵有很好的相关性,主要分布在暖流水的舌锋位置34°N附近;聚球蓝细菌主要分布在暖流水经过的区域33~34.5°N。
秋、冬季,海区突出的水文特征为沿岸流及黄海暖流,它们的强弱、流向及分布直接影响了浮游细菌的分布状况。
We studied the seasonal distribution pattern of Cyanobacterium Synechococcus and heterotrophic bacteria with the epifluorescence microscope, the grazing pressure using size-classed and dilution method, and their relations with some important hydrological phenomenon on the bacterioplankton distribution, and samely discussed the potential annual variations of bacterioplankton in Southern Yellow Sea, China.
1. In spring, the average abundance and biomass of Synechococcus was 3.71×10~4 cells ml~(-1) and 10.91μg Cl~(-1) respectively, while those of heterotrophic bacteria was 3.86×10~5 cells ml~(-1) and 17.72μg Cl~(-1), based on the samples collected in June 2002, 2003 and 2004. With regard to their vertical distributions, Synechococcus always showed its density in the middle water layer (10~20m) and scarce in bottom water layer. Heterotrophic bacteria showed more in the middle and surface water layer, though it had some difference in the three cruises.
The distribution of bacterioplankton was influenced by the Yellow Sea Water and Subei Coastal water in surface water layer and by the Qingdao Cold Water Mass, Yellow Sea Water, Subei Coastal Water and the Changjiang (Yangtzriver) Dilution Water in bottom layer. Maximal biomass value of Synechococcus mainly occurred in the tidal front, or the middle water layer, the surface of the stratified zone. The maximal abundance of heterotrophic bacteria occurred in the surface, bottom waters in the mixed zone of different waters and the surface water in the stratified zone vertically. The tidal front might be an important factor to affect the distribution of bacterioplankton biomass in the late-spring and early-summer in the southern Yellow Sea.
2. In summer, the results showed: 1) the biomass value of Synechococcus ranged in
引文
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