我国普通高校定向运动课程开设现状及对策研究
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摘要
定向运动在我国属于一种新兴的集体能和智能于一体的时尚的体育运动,它以自身独特的项目形式和特点,较之其他体育项目能够更好地突显出对于学生心理健康目标和社会适应目标的培养优势,深受广大学生的喜爱和教育部门的重视。定向运动走进学校,致力于全面提高学生的综合素质和生存能力,已成为其发展的必然趋势,这既是高校体育教育事业发展的与时俱进,又是“以学生为本”教育思想的具体实践。
学校体育是全面发展素质教育的重要组成部分,体育课程的设置对素质教育的影响尤为重要。定向运动作为一种新兴的体育运动项目,具有线路灵活而又充满自然气息的特点,在培养学生的想象力和创造力、发挥自身潜力超越极限方面有着很好的实用价值,有助于体育与智育的有机结合,是高校体育发展的一种趋势和走向。在高校体育教学中开展定向运动,有利于提高学生学习体育的积极性,增强锻炼的效果,有利于发展学生的速度、耐力、灵敏性、弹跳力等身体素质,增强学生体质,同时还能培养学生的勇敢,机智等优良品质,丰富学生的地理知识,地形知识,尤其对培养他们的自我生存能力,启发智力有独到的好处,并具有一定的军事意义。
本研究在查阅大量文献资料的基础上,以我国高校定向运动课程为研究对象,综合运用问卷调查法、专家访谈法、分析比较和数理统计等多种研究方法分析我国高校定向运动教学现状和影响定向运动教学和普及的因素,并从这些因素中找出对我国高校定向运动教学和普及都影响较大的因素,探讨定向运动在我国普通高校广泛开展的措施。通过研究分析,具体研究结果如下:
(1)我国高校定向运动课程的普及程度不高,定向运动训练、竞赛比较缺乏。在教学方面,定向运动课型设置还处于摸索阶段,没有形成统一的规范;定向运动教学目标注重对学生的身心健康和能力的培养,特别是学生社会适应能力的培养,这与现阶段我国体育教学改革方向和社会和谐发展的国策相适应。在教材使用方面,教材的质量参差不齐,没有形成统一规范的教材体系。教学内容比较丰富,但结构安排还不太合理,教学时数相对较少。在教学场地、教学控制以及教学评价指标上仍受传统体育教学思想的束缚。
(2)我国高校定向运动课程教师普遍比较年轻,有一定的体育教学经验,学历层次较高,这对我国高校定向运动的发展具有积极的意义;但获得定向运动专业教育的途径不多,参加系统培训的比例很小,对我国定向运动的发展会产生不利的影响。
(3)在影响我国高校定向运动课程开设的的主要因素是领导重视程度、经费投入、定向运动宣传力度、师资培养、场地器材建设。
(4)定向运动是一种教育型、锻炼型和能力培养型的体育项目,在增强学生体质、丰富校园精神生活、培养学生社会适应能力等方面有着独特的作用,定向运动走进高校符合我国高校体育课程改革的趋势,在高校开展定向运动课程是完全可行的。国家各级部门对定向运动项目的重视为高校定向运动广泛开展提供了主观条件,同时,我国丰富的自然资源为高校定向运动的广泛开展提供了必要的客观条件。
(5)加大我国高校定向运动开展的主要措施是:提高领导重视程度,培养学生兴趣;加强对任课教师的业务培训,提高定向运动教师专业素质;加强经费投入,重视定向运动场地、器材建设;制定比较完善的教学大纲以及相对统一的教材;更新课程评价理念,规范课程评价体系;加大宣传力度,积极促进高校定向运动的展开;开展高校定向运动俱乐部。
本文通过对我国高校定向运动开展现状的研究,为定向运动课程在我国高校全面开展打下理论基础,使我国高校定向运动得到可持续发展,同时为改善我国高校定向运动课程的现状提供参考。我国普通高校体育教育事业要结合现时代的特征,将新兴的定向运动项目更好的与高校高校体育相结合,通过该项体育运动培养学生对体育活动的兴趣,使其养成自觉参加体育锻炼的好习惯,为其进行终身体育锻炼奠定坚实的基础。
Orienteering belongs to one of the newly emerging sports events which conbines physical ability and mentality into a union in our country. Compares with other sports events, can better underline its superiority on student's psychological healthy goal and social adaptation goal by its unique form and characteristics, therefore is favoured by broad student and educational department. It is inevitable trend that Orienteering enters school and strives to improve the student's overall quality and living ability comprehensively. This is not only keeping pace with the development of university sports education, but also the concrete practise of educational thoughts " student—oriented".
The school sports is a very important component in the full scale development of quality education, especially the set up of sports curriculum. As a newly emerging sports event which possesses the characteristics of flexible line and fills with natural breath, Orienteering has good practical values in cultivate student's immagination and creativity and give full play to go beyond the limits of self-potential. Orienteering is also helpful in organic conbination of sports and intellectual education. Orienteering is a tendency of university sports development. Developing Orienteering in university sports teaching is advantageous in raises the student's enthusiasm of sports, improves the exercise effect, develops student's physical abilities such as speed, endurence, sensitivity and elasticity, strenthens student's constitution, cultivates student's good qualities such bravery and wisdom and also broadens student's geography knowledge, especially good in cultivates their living ability and enlightens their intelligence,and has certain military significance.
Based on the massive documents and took Orienteering as the object of study, this paper applied questionaire survey, expert interview, analysis comparison, mathematical statistic and other research tecniques to analyze the present teaching situation of university Orienteering in our country and the factors which influence Orienteering teaching and popularization. And discovers from these factors to Our country University directional motion teaching and the popularization affects the big factor, the discussion directional motion the measure which widely develops in our country Ordinary University. Through the research and analysis, the concrete findings are as follows:
(1) Our country University Orienteering curriculum's popular degree is relatively low, the Orienteering training, the competition are quite deficient. In the teaching aspect, the directional games period establishment is also at the fumble stage, has not formed the unified standard; The Orienteering teaching goal pays great attention to student's physical and moral integrity and ability raise, specially the student social adaptation ability's raise, this adapts with the present stage our country sports educational reform direction and the social accord development's national policy. In the teaching material use aspect, teaching material's quality is irregular, has not formed the unified regulations the teaching material system. The course content is quite rich, but the structure arrangement is not too also reasonable, the teaching hour are relatively few. In the teaching location, the teaching control as well as in the teaching evaluating indicator still received the traditional sports teaching thought the fetter.
(2) Our country University Orienteering curriculum teacher is quite generally young, the masculine teacher occupies the majority, and has certain sports teaching experience, the school record level is high, this has the positive significance to Our country University Orienteering's development. But obtains the Orienteering professional education the way not to be many, participates in system training the proportion to be very small, can have the disadvantageous influence to our country Orienteering's development.
(3) In affects Our country University Orienteering in the primary factor, affects the teaching the primary factor is the leader takes the degree, the funds investment, Orienteering propaganda dynamics, the teachers to raise, questions and so on location equipment.
(4) The Orienteering is one kind of education, the exercise and ability raise sports items, is strengthening the student physique, the rich campus spiritual life, to raise aspects and so on student social adaptation ability to have the unique function, conforms to Our country University sports curriculum reform tendency, develops the Orienteering curriculum in the university is completely feasible. National All levels of Departments widely developed the Orienteering project's value for the university Orienteering have provided the subjective condition, At the same time, our country rich natural resource widely developed for the university Orienteering has provided the essential detachment condition.
(5) Increases Our country University Orienteering development the key measure is: Enhances the leader to take the degree, raises the student interest; Strengthens to the teaching classes teacher's vocational training, improves the Orienteering teacher specialized quality; Strengthens the funds investment, takes the Orienteering location, the equipment construction; Formulation quite perfect program of instruction as well as relative unification teaching material; Renewal course evaluation idea, standard course evaluation system; Increases the propaganda dynamics, attends the domestic and foreign organization's Orienteering competition positively; Development university Orienteering club.
Through the research of the present situation of university Orienteering , this paper provides references for the basic theory bulit and consistant development of Orienteering in university. At the same time for improve the present situation of university Orienteering curriculum. The general university's sports education in Our country should unify the characteristic of present time, in order to better unify the newly emerging Orienteering with the university sports. Through this activity, the students can cultivate their interests in sports, so as to foster the good habit of concious physical training, and lay the soild foundation of lifelong physical training.
学校体育是全面发展素质教育的重要组成部分,体育课程的设置对素质教育的影响尤为重要。定向运动作为一种新兴的体育运动项目,具有线路灵活而又充满自然气息的特点,在培养学生的想象力和创造力、发挥自身潜力超越极限方面有着很好的实用价值,有助于体育与智育的有机结合,是高校体育发展的一种趋势和走向。在高校体育教学中开展定向运动,有利于提高学生学习体育的积极性,增强锻炼的效果,有利于发展学生的速度、耐力、灵敏性、弹跳力等身体素质,增强学生体质,同时还能培养学生的勇敢,机智等优良品质,丰富学生的地理知识,地形知识,尤其对培养他们的自我生存能力,启发智力有独到的好处,并具有一定的军事意义。
本研究在查阅大量文献资料的基础上,以我国高校定向运动课程为研究对象,综合运用问卷调查法、专家访谈法、分析比较和数理统计等多种研究方法分析我国高校定向运动教学现状和影响定向运动教学和普及的因素,并从这些因素中找出对我国高校定向运动教学和普及都影响较大的因素,探讨定向运动在我国普通高校广泛开展的措施。通过研究分析,具体研究结果如下:
(1)我国高校定向运动课程的普及程度不高,定向运动训练、竞赛比较缺乏。在教学方面,定向运动课型设置还处于摸索阶段,没有形成统一的规范;定向运动教学目标注重对学生的身心健康和能力的培养,特别是学生社会适应能力的培养,这与现阶段我国体育教学改革方向和社会和谐发展的国策相适应。在教材使用方面,教材的质量参差不齐,没有形成统一规范的教材体系。教学内容比较丰富,但结构安排还不太合理,教学时数相对较少。在教学场地、教学控制以及教学评价指标上仍受传统体育教学思想的束缚。
(2)我国高校定向运动课程教师普遍比较年轻,有一定的体育教学经验,学历层次较高,这对我国高校定向运动的发展具有积极的意义;但获得定向运动专业教育的途径不多,参加系统培训的比例很小,对我国定向运动的发展会产生不利的影响。
(3)在影响我国高校定向运动课程开设的的主要因素是领导重视程度、经费投入、定向运动宣传力度、师资培养、场地器材建设。
(4)定向运动是一种教育型、锻炼型和能力培养型的体育项目,在增强学生体质、丰富校园精神生活、培养学生社会适应能力等方面有着独特的作用,定向运动走进高校符合我国高校体育课程改革的趋势,在高校开展定向运动课程是完全可行的。国家各级部门对定向运动项目的重视为高校定向运动广泛开展提供了主观条件,同时,我国丰富的自然资源为高校定向运动的广泛开展提供了必要的客观条件。
(5)加大我国高校定向运动开展的主要措施是:提高领导重视程度,培养学生兴趣;加强对任课教师的业务培训,提高定向运动教师专业素质;加强经费投入,重视定向运动场地、器材建设;制定比较完善的教学大纲以及相对统一的教材;更新课程评价理念,规范课程评价体系;加大宣传力度,积极促进高校定向运动的展开;开展高校定向运动俱乐部。
本文通过对我国高校定向运动开展现状的研究,为定向运动课程在我国高校全面开展打下理论基础,使我国高校定向运动得到可持续发展,同时为改善我国高校定向运动课程的现状提供参考。我国普通高校体育教育事业要结合现时代的特征,将新兴的定向运动项目更好的与高校高校体育相结合,通过该项体育运动培养学生对体育活动的兴趣,使其养成自觉参加体育锻炼的好习惯,为其进行终身体育锻炼奠定坚实的基础。
Orienteering belongs to one of the newly emerging sports events which conbines physical ability and mentality into a union in our country. Compares with other sports events, can better underline its superiority on student's psychological healthy goal and social adaptation goal by its unique form and characteristics, therefore is favoured by broad student and educational department. It is inevitable trend that Orienteering enters school and strives to improve the student's overall quality and living ability comprehensively. This is not only keeping pace with the development of university sports education, but also the concrete practise of educational thoughts " student—oriented".
The school sports is a very important component in the full scale development of quality education, especially the set up of sports curriculum. As a newly emerging sports event which possesses the characteristics of flexible line and fills with natural breath, Orienteering has good practical values in cultivate student's immagination and creativity and give full play to go beyond the limits of self-potential. Orienteering is also helpful in organic conbination of sports and intellectual education. Orienteering is a tendency of university sports development. Developing Orienteering in university sports teaching is advantageous in raises the student's enthusiasm of sports, improves the exercise effect, develops student's physical abilities such as speed, endurence, sensitivity and elasticity, strenthens student's constitution, cultivates student's good qualities such bravery and wisdom and also broadens student's geography knowledge, especially good in cultivates their living ability and enlightens their intelligence,and has certain military significance.
Based on the massive documents and took Orienteering as the object of study, this paper applied questionaire survey, expert interview, analysis comparison, mathematical statistic and other research tecniques to analyze the present teaching situation of university Orienteering in our country and the factors which influence Orienteering teaching and popularization. And discovers from these factors to Our country University directional motion teaching and the popularization affects the big factor, the discussion directional motion the measure which widely develops in our country Ordinary University. Through the research and analysis, the concrete findings are as follows:
(1) Our country University Orienteering curriculum's popular degree is relatively low, the Orienteering training, the competition are quite deficient. In the teaching aspect, the directional games period establishment is also at the fumble stage, has not formed the unified standard; The Orienteering teaching goal pays great attention to student's physical and moral integrity and ability raise, specially the student social adaptation ability's raise, this adapts with the present stage our country sports educational reform direction and the social accord development's national policy. In the teaching material use aspect, teaching material's quality is irregular, has not formed the unified regulations the teaching material system. The course content is quite rich, but the structure arrangement is not too also reasonable, the teaching hour are relatively few. In the teaching location, the teaching control as well as in the teaching evaluating indicator still received the traditional sports teaching thought the fetter.
(2) Our country University Orienteering curriculum teacher is quite generally young, the masculine teacher occupies the majority, and has certain sports teaching experience, the school record level is high, this has the positive significance to Our country University Orienteering's development. But obtains the Orienteering professional education the way not to be many, participates in system training the proportion to be very small, can have the disadvantageous influence to our country Orienteering's development.
(3) In affects Our country University Orienteering in the primary factor, affects the teaching the primary factor is the leader takes the degree, the funds investment, Orienteering propaganda dynamics, the teachers to raise, questions and so on location equipment.
(4) The Orienteering is one kind of education, the exercise and ability raise sports items, is strengthening the student physique, the rich campus spiritual life, to raise aspects and so on student social adaptation ability to have the unique function, conforms to Our country University sports curriculum reform tendency, develops the Orienteering curriculum in the university is completely feasible. National All levels of Departments widely developed the Orienteering project's value for the university Orienteering have provided the subjective condition, At the same time, our country rich natural resource widely developed for the university Orienteering has provided the essential detachment condition.
(5) Increases Our country University Orienteering development the key measure is: Enhances the leader to take the degree, raises the student interest; Strengthens to the teaching classes teacher's vocational training, improves the Orienteering teacher specialized quality; Strengthens the funds investment, takes the Orienteering location, the equipment construction; Formulation quite perfect program of instruction as well as relative unification teaching material; Renewal course evaluation idea, standard course evaluation system; Increases the propaganda dynamics, attends the domestic and foreign organization's Orienteering competition positively; Development university Orienteering club.
Through the research of the present situation of university Orienteering , this paper provides references for the basic theory bulit and consistant development of Orienteering in university. At the same time for improve the present situation of university Orienteering curriculum. The general university's sports education in Our country should unify the characteristic of present time, in order to better unify the newly emerging Orienteering with the university sports. Through this activity, the students can cultivate their interests in sports, so as to foster the good habit of concious physical training, and lay the soild foundation of lifelong physical training.
引文
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