知识型企业员工非物质激励机制与创新绩效研究
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摘要
人们越来越多地开始关注企业的技术创新问题。要想实现全要素生产率的增长和经济的发展,必须得通过技术创新。我国企业的竞争能力受技术创新能力的制约,严重影响了我国技术创新的进程。从外部而言,我国企业在技术创新这方面没有得到政策环境下的有力支持,从企业内部来说,还没有一个健全的创新激励机制。鉴于此,文章选技术创新的激励机制为切入点,通过分析和探讨现状,给出相应的制度安排,希望能对技术创新和经济的增长有一定的推动作用。
文章以技术创新的性质为切入点,探讨激励对企业技术创新的影响,分析在企业的技术创新过程当中,激励理论与方法是怎样发挥其作用并支持创新活动的。在技术创新过程中,起主导作用的中坚力量便是知识型员工。所以如何调动他们的工作热情,使其投入到企业的创新工作中成了技术创新激励机制构建的一个核心命题。因此,本文在阐述知识型员工定义的基础上,概括了目前关于知识型员工激励的现状,总结出知识型员工独有的个性与工作的特点,并指出我国企业中知识型员工激励机制上的改进之处。首先,选择技术创新的性质作为出发点,探讨企业技术创新受知识型员工非物质激励的影响以及企业技术创新受激励机制的影响。然后,企业的技术创新评价方法研究,是企业技术创新激励机制的基础。对企业来说,提出有效的研发项目评价体系和研发工作者有效激励制度以及科学的绩效评估方法,具体包括基于群体层次分析法(GAHP)整合出一个有效可行的评估体系,并提出根据偏好聚类法来确定相关专家的权重问题。同时利用模糊数学理论建立了绩效评估方法,为设计知识型员工的激励机制提供了良好依据和坚实基础。其次,对前人相关研究成果进行整合,分析影响知识型员工激励机制的因素,构建了知识型员工非物质激励模型,在此基础上分析影响模型的各个因素,然后建构出非物质激励机制。最后,通过访谈、案例分析和问卷调研,利用问卷调查的方式对知识型员工非物质激励对技术创新的激励作用进行实证研究,并对结论进行讨论和分析,证实了非物质激励的各个维度对于创新绩效的中介作用,进一步证明了企业中塑造非物质激励机制的重要意义。
The power of economic growth is technological innovation.by means of technological innovation, our country can achieve the growth and connotative development of total factor productivity.With more and more enterprise technological innovation has always been the focus of attention. The inability of our country's enterprises technological innovation has affected its competitiveness, restricted the development of technological innovation throughout the country. As the external policy enviroment has no ability to motivate enterprises to innovate technology, meanwhile, a scientific, powerful system of technological innovation hasn't been established inside enterprises. This paper made an analysis of the motivation system, present corresponding system arrangement in the expectation to provide suggestions on technological innovation so as to promote economic growth.
To begin with, this paper analyzed characteristics of technological innovation, and the necessity of motivation to technological innovation, meanwhile, it analyzed the use of motivation to technological innovation, studies how motivation theories and methods work on enterprise technological innovation process. As the mainbody of enterprise technological innovation, the way to stimulate knowledge employees to play their creativity and initiative has become a core in modern enterprise technological innovation. Therefore, based on the concept of knowledge employees and present study on motivation of knowledge employees at home and abroad, this paper analyzed personality traits and particular working characteristics, summed up our enterprises'problems in knowledge employees motivation.First, based on the nature of technological innovation, this paper analyzed the mechanism of immaterial innovation on enterprise technological innovation, and the use of motivation mechanism on enterprise technological innovation, investigated into the way that motivation theories and methods work on enterprise technological innovation process. Second, the study of enterprise technological innovation evaluation method is the base of enterprise technological innovation motivation mechanism. For enterprises, this paper present strategic research and development project evaluation and research staff's motivation mechanism and performance appriaisal methods, established a scientific and reasonable evaluation system by means of GAHP, among which with reference to experts weight, put forward preference clustering, set up just, fair and open performance-evaluation methods by means of fuzzy mathematics, layed a solid foundation for the design of knowledge employees motivation system and provided reliable evidence. Third, this paper analyzed and integrated knowledge employees motivation factors on the basis of former studies, constructed knowledge employees environmental overall motivation model, designed immaterial motivation mechanism of knowledge employees after analysis of various motivation factors in the model. Finally, by means of interview, case study and questionnaire, this paper made an empirical study on knowledge employees'immaterial motivation to technological innovation, argued and analyzed the conclusion, verified the use of various dimension in immaterial motivation to innovation performance, proves further the significance of the construction of immaterial mechanism in enterprises.
文章以技术创新的性质为切入点,探讨激励对企业技术创新的影响,分析在企业的技术创新过程当中,激励理论与方法是怎样发挥其作用并支持创新活动的。在技术创新过程中,起主导作用的中坚力量便是知识型员工。所以如何调动他们的工作热情,使其投入到企业的创新工作中成了技术创新激励机制构建的一个核心命题。因此,本文在阐述知识型员工定义的基础上,概括了目前关于知识型员工激励的现状,总结出知识型员工独有的个性与工作的特点,并指出我国企业中知识型员工激励机制上的改进之处。首先,选择技术创新的性质作为出发点,探讨企业技术创新受知识型员工非物质激励的影响以及企业技术创新受激励机制的影响。然后,企业的技术创新评价方法研究,是企业技术创新激励机制的基础。对企业来说,提出有效的研发项目评价体系和研发工作者有效激励制度以及科学的绩效评估方法,具体包括基于群体层次分析法(GAHP)整合出一个有效可行的评估体系,并提出根据偏好聚类法来确定相关专家的权重问题。同时利用模糊数学理论建立了绩效评估方法,为设计知识型员工的激励机制提供了良好依据和坚实基础。其次,对前人相关研究成果进行整合,分析影响知识型员工激励机制的因素,构建了知识型员工非物质激励模型,在此基础上分析影响模型的各个因素,然后建构出非物质激励机制。最后,通过访谈、案例分析和问卷调研,利用问卷调查的方式对知识型员工非物质激励对技术创新的激励作用进行实证研究,并对结论进行讨论和分析,证实了非物质激励的各个维度对于创新绩效的中介作用,进一步证明了企业中塑造非物质激励机制的重要意义。
The power of economic growth is technological innovation.by means of technological innovation, our country can achieve the growth and connotative development of total factor productivity.With more and more enterprise technological innovation has always been the focus of attention. The inability of our country's enterprises technological innovation has affected its competitiveness, restricted the development of technological innovation throughout the country. As the external policy enviroment has no ability to motivate enterprises to innovate technology, meanwhile, a scientific, powerful system of technological innovation hasn't been established inside enterprises. This paper made an analysis of the motivation system, present corresponding system arrangement in the expectation to provide suggestions on technological innovation so as to promote economic growth.
To begin with, this paper analyzed characteristics of technological innovation, and the necessity of motivation to technological innovation, meanwhile, it analyzed the use of motivation to technological innovation, studies how motivation theories and methods work on enterprise technological innovation process. As the mainbody of enterprise technological innovation, the way to stimulate knowledge employees to play their creativity and initiative has become a core in modern enterprise technological innovation. Therefore, based on the concept of knowledge employees and present study on motivation of knowledge employees at home and abroad, this paper analyzed personality traits and particular working characteristics, summed up our enterprises'problems in knowledge employees motivation.First, based on the nature of technological innovation, this paper analyzed the mechanism of immaterial innovation on enterprise technological innovation, and the use of motivation mechanism on enterprise technological innovation, investigated into the way that motivation theories and methods work on enterprise technological innovation process. Second, the study of enterprise technological innovation evaluation method is the base of enterprise technological innovation motivation mechanism. For enterprises, this paper present strategic research and development project evaluation and research staff's motivation mechanism and performance appriaisal methods, established a scientific and reasonable evaluation system by means of GAHP, among which with reference to experts weight, put forward preference clustering, set up just, fair and open performance-evaluation methods by means of fuzzy mathematics, layed a solid foundation for the design of knowledge employees motivation system and provided reliable evidence. Third, this paper analyzed and integrated knowledge employees motivation factors on the basis of former studies, constructed knowledge employees environmental overall motivation model, designed immaterial motivation mechanism of knowledge employees after analysis of various motivation factors in the model. Finally, by means of interview, case study and questionnaire, this paper made an empirical study on knowledge employees'immaterial motivation to technological innovation, argued and analyzed the conclusion, verified the use of various dimension in immaterial motivation to innovation performance, proves further the significance of the construction of immaterial mechanism in enterprises.
引文
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