我国大学生职业生涯规划中的问题及对策研究
摘要
随着我国高等院校招生规模持续扩大,大学生就业的高峰已经到来,就业形势变得日趋严峻,这就使重视并加强大学生职业生涯规划工作更加迫切。但目前这项工作在我国高等院校仅处于初步的探索发展阶段,还不能完全适应形势发展的要求。因此,对大学生职业生涯规划进行全面系统的研究,推进我国大学生职业生涯规划的发展与实施具有重要意义。
本文遵循“理论研究——问题及成因分析——改进设想”的研究思路,
全文共分四个部分:
第一部分,阐述了大学生职业生涯规划所涉及的核心概念及相关理论。
第二部分,论述了当前我国大学生职业生涯规划存在的主要问题。
第三部分,分析了大学生职业生涯规划存在问题的原因。
第四部分,在分析大学生职业生涯规划影响因素的基础上,结合实际提出了提高我国大学生职业生涯规划水平的设想。
With the establishment of the socialist market economy, the employment system of college students has grown from“centralizing allocation of labor”into the model of“choosing a job independently”. The reform of the employment system reflects the rational distribution of human resources under the market economy. It meets the need of graduate’s independence and the development of individual character. At the same time, it imposes higher standard for the graduates’ability to be adaptable to new employment mechanism and occupational environment. In our country, higher education has been popularized, and the number of graduates is increasing year by year, therefore, the difficulty of employment has risen. Thus it is undisputed that the graduates are facing great challenges to hunt for the job. So, how to launch vocational guidance for college students and how to help them to plan their career have already drawn common concern of the society. Career planning of college students is the demand of the development of our times as well as the need of their accomplishment. To become a talented person and realize his own value are the fundamental interest and top priority for the college student. Thus career planning which meets the need of this fundamental interest is an efficient way of exploiting new approaches of ideological and political education, under the current circumstances. It also fully reflects such a principle that emancipating the mind and solving realistic problems should be combined in the ideological and political education. As the specialized agency that trains college students, the duty and task of the college are more arduous and urgent, which require all the higher institutes to take effective measures to speed up the progress of the task. Career guidance for college students should become of a new task of higher education in our country.
To begin with the issue of China’s college students career planning, this thesis has analyzed the factors which influence the college students’career planning, based on the previous research and adopting the related theories in education, psychology, sociology, management, and other disciplines. Then the thesis puts forward several comparatively effective measures targeted on this issue, from the levels of individual students, schools and the government.
The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the concept of job, career and career planning, and illustrates the theoretical foundation for the college students’career planning. And this part also introduces five characters embodied in career planning of the college students: continuity, forward-looking, personality, target-oriented, and systemic. The meaning and content of career planning of college students are demonstrated as well: through the analysis of self-assessment and occupational environment, the student identifies his development routes and career goals, and sets up a meticulous action plan according to the objective. Assessment measures should be adopted to assess and supplement the action plan, which ensures the career planning to be effective. Finally summarize the significance of college students’career planning from the aspects of the growth of individual students, development of the university and social advancement. In the second part, through the analysis of college students’preparation for the career planning and the situation of employment, the author spots several problems which lie in the college students’career planning. The main problems lie in the lack of objective self-assessment, weak planning awareness, blurred career objective, biased value orientation, and the weakness of feasibility of implementing the plan. The third part mainly elaborates on the above problems’impact on the college students’career planning, from the angle of system, environment and psychology. Drawing from the western theories and the successful experience accumulated from the training of college students’career planning, and according to the real situation of our country and our higher institutes, the forth part discusses the assumption and measures to improve the career planning level, from the aspects of government, schools and individual students. For the government, it proposes to develop in line with China’s national conditions and improve the college education on career planning policy and constantly strengthen the government’s administration of the job market. The establishment of a nationwide network of career planning would ensure the implementation of career planning. For schools, it suggests that we should accelerate the establishment of the disciplines and courses in higher institutes, set up the career planning guidance system, and build the professional career planning guidance team, so as to construct information platform, to continuously promote the career planning activities and provide the a full range of services for the students. Concerning the Individual students, the thesis points out that we should improve the students’self-assessment ability as soon as possible, enhance the professional capacity in an all round way, and be ready to face the challenges in the job market with good psychological quality and full preparation.
The focus of this study is as follows: First, the article analyzes the means for the college students to make their career plan, from the angle of government, schools and students, explores the construction scheme for the college education on career planning service system, and points out that the government should play a role of guidance, coordination and management. Furthermore, based on these three self-made systems, it demonstrates the consumption that integrating the college students’individual career planning, the construction of career planning service system in university and the macro management of the government. The assumption would be centered by students, assisted by university and guaranteed by the government. By increasing fund, and according all aspects of the resources, the human resources in the society would be optimized, which would be effective measures to guide the students to hunt for the job and make their own career planning.
This thesis has made some trial research on college students career planning. The innovative point is that, this thesis not only makes an in-depth analysis of the career planning from the angle of individual students, schools, and government, and set up their respective roles, but also find out the integrating point, and proposes a consumption of integrating the three aspects, so that each part could the individual system, but also they could coordinate and restrain each other. The thesis provide a beneficial idea for the development of college students’career planning.
本文遵循“理论研究——问题及成因分析——改进设想”的研究思路,
全文共分四个部分:
第一部分,阐述了大学生职业生涯规划所涉及的核心概念及相关理论。
第二部分,论述了当前我国大学生职业生涯规划存在的主要问题。
第三部分,分析了大学生职业生涯规划存在问题的原因。
第四部分,在分析大学生职业生涯规划影响因素的基础上,结合实际提出了提高我国大学生职业生涯规划水平的设想。
With the establishment of the socialist market economy, the employment system of college students has grown from“centralizing allocation of labor”into the model of“choosing a job independently”. The reform of the employment system reflects the rational distribution of human resources under the market economy. It meets the need of graduate’s independence and the development of individual character. At the same time, it imposes higher standard for the graduates’ability to be adaptable to new employment mechanism and occupational environment. In our country, higher education has been popularized, and the number of graduates is increasing year by year, therefore, the difficulty of employment has risen. Thus it is undisputed that the graduates are facing great challenges to hunt for the job. So, how to launch vocational guidance for college students and how to help them to plan their career have already drawn common concern of the society. Career planning of college students is the demand of the development of our times as well as the need of their accomplishment. To become a talented person and realize his own value are the fundamental interest and top priority for the college student. Thus career planning which meets the need of this fundamental interest is an efficient way of exploiting new approaches of ideological and political education, under the current circumstances. It also fully reflects such a principle that emancipating the mind and solving realistic problems should be combined in the ideological and political education. As the specialized agency that trains college students, the duty and task of the college are more arduous and urgent, which require all the higher institutes to take effective measures to speed up the progress of the task. Career guidance for college students should become of a new task of higher education in our country.
To begin with the issue of China’s college students career planning, this thesis has analyzed the factors which influence the college students’career planning, based on the previous research and adopting the related theories in education, psychology, sociology, management, and other disciplines. Then the thesis puts forward several comparatively effective measures targeted on this issue, from the levels of individual students, schools and the government.
The thesis is divided into four parts: the first part introduces the concept of job, career and career planning, and illustrates the theoretical foundation for the college students’career planning. And this part also introduces five characters embodied in career planning of the college students: continuity, forward-looking, personality, target-oriented, and systemic. The meaning and content of career planning of college students are demonstrated as well: through the analysis of self-assessment and occupational environment, the student identifies his development routes and career goals, and sets up a meticulous action plan according to the objective. Assessment measures should be adopted to assess and supplement the action plan, which ensures the career planning to be effective. Finally summarize the significance of college students’career planning from the aspects of the growth of individual students, development of the university and social advancement. In the second part, through the analysis of college students’preparation for the career planning and the situation of employment, the author spots several problems which lie in the college students’career planning. The main problems lie in the lack of objective self-assessment, weak planning awareness, blurred career objective, biased value orientation, and the weakness of feasibility of implementing the plan. The third part mainly elaborates on the above problems’impact on the college students’career planning, from the angle of system, environment and psychology. Drawing from the western theories and the successful experience accumulated from the training of college students’career planning, and according to the real situation of our country and our higher institutes, the forth part discusses the assumption and measures to improve the career planning level, from the aspects of government, schools and individual students. For the government, it proposes to develop in line with China’s national conditions and improve the college education on career planning policy and constantly strengthen the government’s administration of the job market. The establishment of a nationwide network of career planning would ensure the implementation of career planning. For schools, it suggests that we should accelerate the establishment of the disciplines and courses in higher institutes, set up the career planning guidance system, and build the professional career planning guidance team, so as to construct information platform, to continuously promote the career planning activities and provide the a full range of services for the students. Concerning the Individual students, the thesis points out that we should improve the students’self-assessment ability as soon as possible, enhance the professional capacity in an all round way, and be ready to face the challenges in the job market with good psychological quality and full preparation.
The focus of this study is as follows: First, the article analyzes the means for the college students to make their career plan, from the angle of government, schools and students, explores the construction scheme for the college education on career planning service system, and points out that the government should play a role of guidance, coordination and management. Furthermore, based on these three self-made systems, it demonstrates the consumption that integrating the college students’individual career planning, the construction of career planning service system in university and the macro management of the government. The assumption would be centered by students, assisted by university and guaranteed by the government. By increasing fund, and according all aspects of the resources, the human resources in the society would be optimized, which would be effective measures to guide the students to hunt for the job and make their own career planning.
This thesis has made some trial research on college students career planning. The innovative point is that, this thesis not only makes an in-depth analysis of the career planning from the angle of individual students, schools, and government, and set up their respective roles, but also find out the integrating point, and proposes a consumption of integrating the three aspects, so that each part could the individual system, but also they could coordinate and restrain each other. The thesis provide a beneficial idea for the development of college students’career planning.
引文
1、王希永,李晓珍,大学生事业生涯设计与发展[M],中山大学出版社,2001(1)
2、王晓平,张浩,陈祝林,职业发展概述[M],同济大学出版社,2004(1)
3、郑志宏,蒋蔓萍,朱军,大学生就业指导教程[M],吉林文史出版社,2007(1)
4、罗双平,职业生涯规划[M],中国人事出版社,1999
5、陈刚,彭建华,大学生就业与创业[M],浙江大学出版社,2005(1)
6、沈之菲,生涯心理辅导[M],上海教育出版社,2000(1)
7、卜欣欣, 陆爱平,个人职业生涯规划[M],中国时代经济出版社,2004(1)
8、诺斯威尔著,陈璧辉译,生涯规划理论述评,商务出版社,2003
9、张再生,职业生涯管理[M],经济管理出版社,2002(1)
10、朱启臻,职业指导理论与方法[M],人民教育出版社,1996(1)
11、萨帕著,仇海青译,职业的有效管理[M],三联书店,1992(1)
12、秦自强,王刚,大学生就业辅导新编[M],北京大学出版社,2004
13、吕建国,孟慧,职业心理学[M],东北财经大学出版社,2000
14、吴贵明,中国女性职业生涯发展研究[M],中国社会科学出版社,2004(1)
15、王珍,职业指导[M],地质出版社,1995
16、共青团中央学校部,中国青少年研究中心著,大学生职业生涯设计[M],北京中国言实出版社,2004(1)
17、张智勇,边慧敏,大学生就业指导[M],西南财经大学出版社,2003(1)
18、李时椿,常建坤,杨怡,大学生创业与高等院校创业教育[M],国防工业出版社, 2004
19、马新建,人力资源开发管理[M],石油工业出版社,2004
20、赵天武,对大学生职业生涯规划的思考[J],襄樊学院学报,2006(6)
21、冯峰,职业生涯规划与大学生就业[J],河南教育,2006(4)
22、吴赟,赵小荣,大学生职业生涯规划探析[J],兰州商学院学报,2007(1)
23、陈伟,李文红,从职业生涯规划入手培养大学生综合素质[J],2007(2)
24、冯媛媛,廖晓明,大学生的职业生涯规划述论[J],四川工程职业技术学院学报,2007(1)
25、拜五旭,高校毕业生职业生涯规划存在的问题及对策[J],社科纵横,2007(8)
26、石晓燕,国外职业生涯规划教育对我国高校就业指导工作的启示[J],市场周刊,2007(12)
27、袁乐,周炜炜,戴敏秀,国内外职业生涯规划教育比较研究[J],世纪桥,2007(8)
28、董意,大学生职业生涯规划存在的问题及对策[J],社会心理科学,2005(6)
29、赵颂平,张荣祥,关于大学生职业生涯规划的调查与分析[J],现代教育科学,2005(3)
30、孙连越,德国职业指导的基本概况及其启示[J],职教论坛,2003(18)
31、李兵宽,刘启辉,大学生职业生涯规划体系建设当议[J],中国高教研究,2005(5)
32、陈军,职业生涯教育与人的全面发展[J],当代青年研究,2005(12)
33、周玲,论高校大学生生涯辅导体系的构建[J],兰州大学学报,2004(7)
34、宋立洪,高等院校毕业生就业工作初探[J],安徽广播电视大学学报,2004(1)
35、顾雪英,浅论高校职业指导从业人员的培训[J],教育与职业,2005(1)
36、张微,大学生职业生涯规划研究,硕士论文,哈尔滨工程大学,2006
37、胡雪飞,浅议我国高等教育中的职业生涯设计[J],社科纵横,2004(19)
38、高佩华,大学生职业生涯规划[J],人才开发,2005 年第 3 期
39、戴良铁,刘颖,职业生涯管理历史简析[J],中国劳动,2001(8)
40、肖丹,舒宏峰,高校开展大学生职业生涯规划指导的研究[J],产业与科技论坛,2007(9)
41、刘荣军等,论大学生职业生涯规划辅导体系的构建[J],学校党建与思想政治教育,2007(11)
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46、姚朝华,家庭教育对大学生职业生涯规划的影响[J],高教研究,2007(1)
47、董朝宗,建立大学生职业生涯规划指导机制的思考[J],教育园地,2006(6)
48、刘晓君,大学生职业生涯规划的心理因素分析[J],思想理论教育导刊,2005(6)
49、马奇柯,大学生职业生涯规划中的十大心理误区[J],中国青年研究,2005(10)
50、朱宁,薛艳,大学生职业生涯辅导与择业心理调适[J],天津职业大学学报,2005(6)
51、郝颖,丁广龙,职业生涯规划与大学生就业关系研究[J],重庆工商大学学报,2005(4)
52、李科,大学生职业生涯设计指导之我见[J],河南工业大学学报,2007(3)
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57、赵永吉,田爱民,大学生职业生涯规划现状调查及问题分析〔J〕,高等农业教育,2004(12)
58、张菊香,大学生职业生涯规划实施刍议〔J〕,福建工程学院学报,2006(5)
58、惠钢行,张桂书,大学生就业矛盾与大学生职业生涯规划关系探析〔J〕,科技资讯,2007(20)
2、王晓平,张浩,陈祝林,职业发展概述[M],同济大学出版社,2004(1)
3、郑志宏,蒋蔓萍,朱军,大学生就业指导教程[M],吉林文史出版社,2007(1)
4、罗双平,职业生涯规划[M],中国人事出版社,1999
5、陈刚,彭建华,大学生就业与创业[M],浙江大学出版社,2005(1)
6、沈之菲,生涯心理辅导[M],上海教育出版社,2000(1)
7、卜欣欣, 陆爱平,个人职业生涯规划[M],中国时代经济出版社,2004(1)
8、诺斯威尔著,陈璧辉译,生涯规划理论述评,商务出版社,2003
9、张再生,职业生涯管理[M],经济管理出版社,2002(1)
10、朱启臻,职业指导理论与方法[M],人民教育出版社,1996(1)
11、萨帕著,仇海青译,职业的有效管理[M],三联书店,1992(1)
12、秦自强,王刚,大学生就业辅导新编[M],北京大学出版社,2004
13、吕建国,孟慧,职业心理学[M],东北财经大学出版社,2000
14、吴贵明,中国女性职业生涯发展研究[M],中国社会科学出版社,2004(1)
15、王珍,职业指导[M],地质出版社,1995
16、共青团中央学校部,中国青少年研究中心著,大学生职业生涯设计[M],北京中国言实出版社,2004(1)
17、张智勇,边慧敏,大学生就业指导[M],西南财经大学出版社,2003(1)
18、李时椿,常建坤,杨怡,大学生创业与高等院校创业教育[M],国防工业出版社, 2004
19、马新建,人力资源开发管理[M],石油工业出版社,2004
20、赵天武,对大学生职业生涯规划的思考[J],襄樊学院学报,2006(6)
21、冯峰,职业生涯规划与大学生就业[J],河南教育,2006(4)
22、吴赟,赵小荣,大学生职业生涯规划探析[J],兰州商学院学报,2007(1)
23、陈伟,李文红,从职业生涯规划入手培养大学生综合素质[J],2007(2)
24、冯媛媛,廖晓明,大学生的职业生涯规划述论[J],四川工程职业技术学院学报,2007(1)
25、拜五旭,高校毕业生职业生涯规划存在的问题及对策[J],社科纵横,2007(8)
26、石晓燕,国外职业生涯规划教育对我国高校就业指导工作的启示[J],市场周刊,2007(12)
27、袁乐,周炜炜,戴敏秀,国内外职业生涯规划教育比较研究[J],世纪桥,2007(8)
28、董意,大学生职业生涯规划存在的问题及对策[J],社会心理科学,2005(6)
29、赵颂平,张荣祥,关于大学生职业生涯规划的调查与分析[J],现代教育科学,2005(3)
30、孙连越,德国职业指导的基本概况及其启示[J],职教论坛,2003(18)
31、李兵宽,刘启辉,大学生职业生涯规划体系建设当议[J],中国高教研究,2005(5)
32、陈军,职业生涯教育与人的全面发展[J],当代青年研究,2005(12)
33、周玲,论高校大学生生涯辅导体系的构建[J],兰州大学学报,2004(7)
34、宋立洪,高等院校毕业生就业工作初探[J],安徽广播电视大学学报,2004(1)
35、顾雪英,浅论高校职业指导从业人员的培训[J],教育与职业,2005(1)
36、张微,大学生职业生涯规划研究,硕士论文,哈尔滨工程大学,2006
37、胡雪飞,浅议我国高等教育中的职业生涯设计[J],社科纵横,2004(19)
38、高佩华,大学生职业生涯规划[J],人才开发,2005 年第 3 期
39、戴良铁,刘颖,职业生涯管理历史简析[J],中国劳动,2001(8)
40、肖丹,舒宏峰,高校开展大学生职业生涯规划指导的研究[J],产业与科技论坛,2007(9)
41、刘荣军等,论大学生职业生涯规划辅导体系的构建[J],学校党建与思想政治教育,2007(11)
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