生物组织电学特性及其在电磁场曝露后的变化研究
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摘要
当前，环境电磁污染日益严重，引起了全球众多卫生机构的重视，如何确定环境中存在的电磁辐射对于人体健康的影响是各学者关注的主要问题之一，电磁场生物效应的发生与发展与电磁场本身的特性以及生物组织的电磁学性质密切相关，而生物组织的电磁学性质又随着电磁场频率的变化而变化，因此，很有必要对于不同电磁辐射作用下生物组织的电磁学特性进行研究，在这篇论文中，我们研究了静磁场、红外辐射、极低频电磁场照射作用前后大鼠不同组织的电学特性的变化，分析了以上不同类型电磁场对于生物体产生的一些具体的影响，对于不同类型的电磁场曝露作用的大鼠组织进行红外光谱测量，分析了不同电磁场曝露作用对于大鼠组织结构的改变进行了研究，并对于电磁辐射影响健康的机理及其防护策略进行了初步的研究。本论文的主要研究工作可概括为以下几部分：
第一，主要对于15个大鼠活性组织在10kHz-10MHz的频率范围内的电学特性进行了测量，并利用εr10k/εr10M数值评价了不同组织的含水量的大小，同时还对于大鼠血液，睾丸和脑组织电学特性随离体后半小时内随时间的变化关系进行了测量。并对于上述诸测量结果进行了分析，研究了不同组织电学特性的差异及其原因。研究结果表明不同的生物组织具有不同的电学特性，不同组织电学特性的差异较大，一些组织的含水量较高，因此电导率偏高，含水量较高的组织的εr10k/εr10M数值也较大。大鼠电磁敏感组织电学特性随时间的变化的结果是离体后其介电常数在不同频段表现的变化趋势基本相同，即随着离体时间的增大，其相对介电常数变小，并且变化幅度随着时间增大而变小。电导率在不同频点的变化趋势也基本相同，大多数是随着离体时间的增大而减小。
第二，在已经测得的生物活性组织电学特性的基础上，利用测量结果计算了外场在体内的耦合结果和不同频率电磁辐射热效应的发生规律，认为外场频率越低的电磁波穿透生物组织的能力就越强。
第三，通过电磁场曝露作用对大鼠电磁敏感组织的电学特性的改变研究了电磁场与生物体的相互作用的特点，其中重点研究静磁场，工频电磁场以及红外线等场曝露作用前后大鼠电磁敏感组织的电学特性的改变情况。通过研究发现经过电磁场曝露一定时间作用以后，大鼠敏感组织的电学特性产生一定的变化，其中有部分频率点的变化较大，实验组与对照组相比具有显著差异。文章进一步结合电磁场理论分析了电磁场曝露作用导致大鼠组织电学特性变化的可能的机理。
第四，通过红外光谱技术分析静磁场、工频电磁场和红外线辐射曝露对于大鼠敏感组织红外光谱特征的影响，研究各类电磁场曝露作用对于血液、神经、生殖系统的影响，分别测量了大鼠在接受一定时间的电磁场曝露后其血液，睾丸和脑组织的红外光谱数据，并分析了实验组和对照组在峰位、峰形以及二阶导数谱的区别及其可能产生的原因，以期能够明确电磁辐射的遗传损伤位点和效应机制，为电磁辐射危害的医学防护提供依据。
第五，研究红外场曝露对于疾病模型大鼠的影响。主要利用红外场曝露高血糖大鼠考查红外场曝露对于高血糖大鼠血液组织电学特性以及红外光谱特性等方面的影响来探讨红外线曝露对于高血糖大鼠产生影响的机理，研究结果认为红外场曝露有助于高血糖大鼠的恢复，电学特性和红外光谱特性的测试结果表明红外场曝露有助于高血糖大鼠接近于正常大鼠。
Electromagnetic pollution becoming increasingly severe today, it attracts theattention of many health agencies. How to determine the effect of existenceelectromagnetic radiation in environment on human health is one of the major issuesstudied by many scholars. Occurrence and development of the biological effects ofelectromagnetic fields is closely related to the characteristics of the electromagneticfield itself, as well as the electromagnetic properties of biological tissues. The mainwork of this thesis is summarized as the following:
First, electrical properties of15living tissues of rats are measured by HP4275AMulti Frequency LCR Meter between10kHz-10MHz, and the value of εr10k/εr10Misused to evaluate the water content of different tissues. Electric properties of rat blood,testis and brain are measured during in vitro within half an hour. Results of thesemeasurements are analyzed to study the reasons of the electrical properties in differenttissues. The results show that different tissues showing very different electricalproperties, high conductivity denotes high water content of tissues, so value ofεr10k/εr10Mis larger in these tissues. Electrical properties of electromagnetic sensitivetissues in rat change with time in vitro. Dielectric constant of those tissues basicallyshow same trend in different frequency bands, with the increase of time in vitro, therelative permittivity become smaller. Conductivity of those tissues in differentfrequency basically shows the same characteristic that is most of them decreased withtime in vitro.
Second, coupling results of electromagnetic field in body are calculated byelectrical properties of the measurements. Occurrence regularity of thermal effectsunder different frequency of different frequency electromagnetic radiation is alsocalculated.
Third, characteristics of the interaction of biological tissues and electromagneticfield are studied by changes of the electrical properties in sensitive tissues of the ratexposure to electromagnetic field. Especially the electrical properties of the sensitive tissue in rat after exposure to static magnetic fields, extremely low frequencyelectromagnetic fields and infrared field are measured. The experimental results showthat exposure of electromagnetic field for a certain time can produce certain changes inthe electrical properties of the sensitive tissue in rats. Exposure of electromagneticfield can cause significant difference between experimental group and control group atsome frequency points. Possible mechanisms of electromagnetic fields effect onbiological tissue are analyzed via electromagnetic field theory and the changes ofelectrical properties in rat tissue.
Fourth, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis method is used toanalyze the biological effect of static magnetic fields, extremely low frequencyelectromagnetic fields and infrared radiation. Infrared spectral characteristics of thesensitive tissues of rat blood, brain and testis are studied to analysis effects of varioustypes of electromagnetic field exposure on blood, nerve, reproductive system. Than,the peak position, peak shape and the second derivative spectra of the biological tissuesare also studied between experimental and control groups to clear whetherelectromagnetic radiation could cause damage and the proper mechanisms.
Fifth, effects of infrared field exposure to the disease rats are studied. Effects ofexposure of infrared field on hyperglycemic rats are examined by analyzing theirelectrical properties and infrared spectral characteristics. Testing results of electricalproperties and infrared spectral properties show that the infrared field exposurecontributes to promoting the hyperglycemic rats close to normal rats. The studyconcluded that the infrared field exposure would help the recovery of hyperglycemicrats.
第一，主要对于15个大鼠活性组织在10kHz-10MHz的频率范围内的电学特性进行了测量，并利用εr10k/εr10M数值评价了不同组织的含水量的大小，同时还对于大鼠血液，睾丸和脑组织电学特性随离体后半小时内随时间的变化关系进行了测量。并对于上述诸测量结果进行了分析，研究了不同组织电学特性的差异及其原因。研究结果表明不同的生物组织具有不同的电学特性，不同组织电学特性的差异较大，一些组织的含水量较高，因此电导率偏高，含水量较高的组织的εr10k/εr10M数值也较大。大鼠电磁敏感组织电学特性随时间的变化的结果是离体后其介电常数在不同频段表现的变化趋势基本相同，即随着离体时间的增大，其相对介电常数变小，并且变化幅度随着时间增大而变小。电导率在不同频点的变化趋势也基本相同，大多数是随着离体时间的增大而减小。
第二，在已经测得的生物活性组织电学特性的基础上，利用测量结果计算了外场在体内的耦合结果和不同频率电磁辐射热效应的发生规律，认为外场频率越低的电磁波穿透生物组织的能力就越强。
第三，通过电磁场曝露作用对大鼠电磁敏感组织的电学特性的改变研究了电磁场与生物体的相互作用的特点，其中重点研究静磁场，工频电磁场以及红外线等场曝露作用前后大鼠电磁敏感组织的电学特性的改变情况。通过研究发现经过电磁场曝露一定时间作用以后，大鼠敏感组织的电学特性产生一定的变化，其中有部分频率点的变化较大，实验组与对照组相比具有显著差异。文章进一步结合电磁场理论分析了电磁场曝露作用导致大鼠组织电学特性变化的可能的机理。
第四，通过红外光谱技术分析静磁场、工频电磁场和红外线辐射曝露对于大鼠敏感组织红外光谱特征的影响，研究各类电磁场曝露作用对于血液、神经、生殖系统的影响，分别测量了大鼠在接受一定时间的电磁场曝露后其血液，睾丸和脑组织的红外光谱数据，并分析了实验组和对照组在峰位、峰形以及二阶导数谱的区别及其可能产生的原因，以期能够明确电磁辐射的遗传损伤位点和效应机制，为电磁辐射危害的医学防护提供依据。
第五，研究红外场曝露对于疾病模型大鼠的影响。主要利用红外场曝露高血糖大鼠考查红外场曝露对于高血糖大鼠血液组织电学特性以及红外光谱特性等方面的影响来探讨红外线曝露对于高血糖大鼠产生影响的机理，研究结果认为红外场曝露有助于高血糖大鼠的恢复，电学特性和红外光谱特性的测试结果表明红外场曝露有助于高血糖大鼠接近于正常大鼠。
Electromagnetic pollution becoming increasingly severe today, it attracts theattention of many health agencies. How to determine the effect of existenceelectromagnetic radiation in environment on human health is one of the major issuesstudied by many scholars. Occurrence and development of the biological effects ofelectromagnetic fields is closely related to the characteristics of the electromagneticfield itself, as well as the electromagnetic properties of biological tissues. The mainwork of this thesis is summarized as the following:
First, electrical properties of15living tissues of rats are measured by HP4275AMulti Frequency LCR Meter between10kHz-10MHz, and the value of εr10k/εr10Misused to evaluate the water content of different tissues. Electric properties of rat blood,testis and brain are measured during in vitro within half an hour. Results of thesemeasurements are analyzed to study the reasons of the electrical properties in differenttissues. The results show that different tissues showing very different electricalproperties, high conductivity denotes high water content of tissues, so value ofεr10k/εr10Mis larger in these tissues. Electrical properties of electromagnetic sensitivetissues in rat change with time in vitro. Dielectric constant of those tissues basicallyshow same trend in different frequency bands, with the increase of time in vitro, therelative permittivity become smaller. Conductivity of those tissues in differentfrequency basically shows the same characteristic that is most of them decreased withtime in vitro.
Second, coupling results of electromagnetic field in body are calculated byelectrical properties of the measurements. Occurrence regularity of thermal effectsunder different frequency of different frequency electromagnetic radiation is alsocalculated.
Third, characteristics of the interaction of biological tissues and electromagneticfield are studied by changes of the electrical properties in sensitive tissues of the ratexposure to electromagnetic field. Especially the electrical properties of the sensitive tissue in rat after exposure to static magnetic fields, extremely low frequencyelectromagnetic fields and infrared field are measured. The experimental results showthat exposure of electromagnetic field for a certain time can produce certain changes inthe electrical properties of the sensitive tissue in rats. Exposure of electromagneticfield can cause significant difference between experimental group and control group atsome frequency points. Possible mechanisms of electromagnetic fields effect onbiological tissue are analyzed via electromagnetic field theory and the changes ofelectrical properties in rat tissue.
Fourth, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis method is used toanalyze the biological effect of static magnetic fields, extremely low frequencyelectromagnetic fields and infrared radiation. Infrared spectral characteristics of thesensitive tissues of rat blood, brain and testis are studied to analysis effects of varioustypes of electromagnetic field exposure on blood, nerve, reproductive system. Than,the peak position, peak shape and the second derivative spectra of the biological tissuesare also studied between experimental and control groups to clear whetherelectromagnetic radiation could cause damage and the proper mechanisms.
Fifth, effects of infrared field exposure to the disease rats are studied. Effects ofexposure of infrared field on hyperglycemic rats are examined by analyzing theirelectrical properties and infrared spectral characteristics. Testing results of electricalproperties and infrared spectral properties show that the infrared field exposurecontributes to promoting the hyperglycemic rats close to normal rats. The studyconcluded that the infrared field exposure would help the recovery of hyperglycemicrats.
引文
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