发电侧电力市场AGC机组调配研究
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摘要
自动发电控制(AGC)是能量管理系统(EMS)最重要的控制功能，也是电力市场辅助服务的一项重要内容。在计划经济模式下，AGC参与频率和联络线功率调整只是为了确保电力系统运行的稳定性，而没有从经济角度去考虑，电网调度中心根据系统需求和机组性能以行政命令的方式分配调整任务，发电公司的收入只与发电量有关，而与其提供的AGC辅助服务无关。随着电力运营机制改革的深入和电力市场的形成，AGC参与系统调频不再只是简单的运行调度问题，行政和经济隶属关系的变化、利益主体的多元化使得传统AGC面临着许多新的更为复杂的问题。这些问题的解决，是AGC在电力市场下得以进一步发展的前提。目前，电力市场AGC辅助服务问题已经成为众多学者和电力公司的研究热点。本论文对其中的发电市场AGC机组调配理论与应用进行研究。
论文首先对包括AGC在内的电力市场辅助服务进行了概述，介绍了我国电力市场AGC辅助服务的现状及发展趋势，然后从AGC基本理论出发，分析了电力市场条件下电网AGC在控制目标上的变化和在控制算法上的改进。
AGC辅助服务的开展必须与本国电力市场的发育程度相适应。论文针对现阶段我国发电侧电力市场的特点，建立了AGC辅助服务的基本框架，提出了该框架下的AGC机组调配方案：利用统计分析方法考察机组历史发电数据，确定系统对AGC调节容量和调节速率的需求，并按此需求综合考虑调节性能和容量报价两方面的因素，采用改进的优先顺序法选择机组参与电网AGC辅助服务。
在辽宁发电市场AGC机组模拟调配中的应用表明：本论文所提出的方案算法简单，可操作性强，既保证了电力系统的安全性，又满足了电力市场发电侧竞争的公平性和电网侧运行的经济性。
As one important ancillary service in electricity market, automatic generation control (AGC) is also one of the most important functions of energy management system (EMS). In planned economy pattern, the objective of AGC participating in the frequency and tie-line power control was only to ensure the operation stability of power system in ignorance of economy factor. The dispatching center assigned AGC regulation based on unit performances and system requirement. The income of a power plant was only decided by its generated energy while independent of AGC service supplied by it. With the reform of operation mechanism and the formation of electricity market, the system frequency regulation is not only one simple dispatch issue. Because of the change in administrative and economic affiliation relations, AGC ancillary service is faced with many new complex problems. The solution to those ones is the premise of the father development of AGC in electricity market. At present, AGC ancillary service after deregulat
ed becomes one hot research of many scholars and electricity companies. The problem of AGC unit dispatch in generation market is addressed theoretically and practically in this paper.
First of all, this paper summarizes ancillary services including AGC in electricity market and introduces the actuality and development of AGC ancillary service in China. To begin with the foundational principles of AGC, this paper then analyzes the change of AGC objectives and the improvement of AGC algorithms after deregulated.
AGC ancillary service must be adaptive to the development level of electricity market. In accordance with the present features of generation market of China, AGC ancillary service framework is built. AGC unit dispatch scheme in the framework is proposed: a probability analysis method is firstly adopted to determine the system requirement of AGC regulation capacity and AGC regulation rate through historical generation data, and then an improved merit-order-based approach is presented to select units performing AGC function based on their regulation performances and capacity bidding.
The application to the simulation dispatch of AGC units in Liaoning generation market shows that the proposed scheme has advantages in simpleness and practicability, which ensures the fair competition between power plants and the secure and economical operation of electric grid.
论文首先对包括AGC在内的电力市场辅助服务进行了概述，介绍了我国电力市场AGC辅助服务的现状及发展趋势，然后从AGC基本理论出发，分析了电力市场条件下电网AGC在控制目标上的变化和在控制算法上的改进。
AGC辅助服务的开展必须与本国电力市场的发育程度相适应。论文针对现阶段我国发电侧电力市场的特点，建立了AGC辅助服务的基本框架，提出了该框架下的AGC机组调配方案：利用统计分析方法考察机组历史发电数据，确定系统对AGC调节容量和调节速率的需求，并按此需求综合考虑调节性能和容量报价两方面的因素，采用改进的优先顺序法选择机组参与电网AGC辅助服务。
在辽宁发电市场AGC机组模拟调配中的应用表明：本论文所提出的方案算法简单，可操作性强，既保证了电力系统的安全性，又满足了电力市场发电侧竞争的公平性和电网侧运行的经济性。
As one important ancillary service in electricity market, automatic generation control (AGC) is also one of the most important functions of energy management system (EMS). In planned economy pattern, the objective of AGC participating in the frequency and tie-line power control was only to ensure the operation stability of power system in ignorance of economy factor. The dispatching center assigned AGC regulation based on unit performances and system requirement. The income of a power plant was only decided by its generated energy while independent of AGC service supplied by it. With the reform of operation mechanism and the formation of electricity market, the system frequency regulation is not only one simple dispatch issue. Because of the change in administrative and economic affiliation relations, AGC ancillary service is faced with many new complex problems. The solution to those ones is the premise of the father development of AGC in electricity market. At present, AGC ancillary service after deregulat
ed becomes one hot research of many scholars and electricity companies. The problem of AGC unit dispatch in generation market is addressed theoretically and practically in this paper.
First of all, this paper summarizes ancillary services including AGC in electricity market and introduces the actuality and development of AGC ancillary service in China. To begin with the foundational principles of AGC, this paper then analyzes the change of AGC objectives and the improvement of AGC algorithms after deregulated.
AGC ancillary service must be adaptive to the development level of electricity market. In accordance with the present features of generation market of China, AGC ancillary service framework is built. AGC unit dispatch scheme in the framework is proposed: a probability analysis method is firstly adopted to determine the system requirement of AGC regulation capacity and AGC regulation rate through historical generation data, and then an improved merit-order-based approach is presented to select units performing AGC function based on their regulation performances and capacity bidding.
The application to the simulation dispatch of AGC units in Liaoning generation market shows that the proposed scheme has advantages in simpleness and practicability, which ensures the fair competition between power plants and the secure and economical operation of electric grid.
引文
[1] 谢开，于尔铿，刘广一，宋永华．电力市场中的输电服务(二)—辅助服务及其定价．电网技术，1997，21(4)：58-63
[2] Australia's National Electricity Market Management Company (NEMMCO). http://www.nemmco.com.au
[3] Harry Singh, Alex Papalexopoulos. Competitive Procurement of Ancillary Services by an Independent System Operator. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1999, 14(2): 498-504
[4] Xingwang Ma, David Sun. Energy and Ancillary Service Dispatch in a Competitive Pool. IEEE on Power Engineering Review, 1998, 18(1): 54-56
[5] Contingency Reserve Pricing via a Joint Energy and Reserve Dispatching Approach. M Rashidinejad, Y H Song, M H Javidi Dasht-Bayaz. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43:537-548
[6] Kwok W Cheung, Payman Shamsollahi, David Sun, James Milligan, Mike Potishnak. Energy and Ancillary Service Dispatch for the Interim ISO New England Electricity Market. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 15(3): 968-974
[7] ISO New England Market Rules and Procedures. http://www.iso-ne.com/
[8] Jaleei Nasser, Vanslyck L S, Ewart Donlad, et al. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1999, 14(1): 274-279
[9] 陈枫，陈利跃．浙江发电市场中的实时调度与AGC设计．电力系统自动化，2000，24(20)：59-61
[10] 温步瀛，佘占兴，杜松怀．新英格兰电力市场AGC辅助服务市场分析．华北电力技术．2001，9：3-5
[11] Gomez T, Marnay C, Siddiqui A, et al. Ancillary Services Markets in California. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/pslx7/43986.pdf
[12] Jayantilal A, Cheung K W, Shamsollahi P, et al. Market Based Regulation for the PJM Electricity Market. IEEE Power Ind. Appl. Conf. Sydney, Australia, 2001: 155-160
[13] Skytte K. Regulating Power Market on the Nordic Power Exchange Nord Pool: An Econometric Analysis. Energy Economics, 1999, 21 (4): 295-308
[14] Richard F. Ancillary Services in England and Wales. IEE Colloquium (Digest). London, UK, 1996, 164: 2/1-2/5
[15] Market Rules and Procedures. New England Power Pool FERC Electric Rate Schedule No.6, 2001. http://www.iso-ne.com
[16] 于尔铿，刘广一，周京阳．能量管理系统(EMS)：第一讲—EMS的技术发展．电力系统自动化，1997，21(1)：65-68
[17] 林万菁，孙辉，李卫东，魏立明．一种配电网潮流计算混合算法．大连理工大学学报，2003，43(3)：377-381
[18] 周京阳，于尔铿．能量管理系统(EMS)：第五讲—自动发电控制．电力系统自动化，1997，21(5)：75-78
[19] 赵庆波，曾鸣，刘敏，林海英．电力市场中的负荷频率控制方案研究．中国电机工程学报，2002，
22(11)：45-50
[20] 汪德星．华东电网实施CPS标准的探索．电力系统自动化，2000，24(4)：41-44
[21] NERC's New Control Performance Standards, Nasser Jaleeli, Louis S VanSlyck. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 1092-1099
[22] 郏斌，王锡凡．电力市场环境下的系统频率控制．电力系统自动化，1999，23(2)：55-58
[23] 桂贤明，李明节．电力市场建立后电网AGC技术改进的探讨．电力系统自动化，2000，24(9)：48-51
[24] 尚金成，黄永皓，夏清．电力市场理论研究与应用．北京：中国电力出版社，2002
[25] 丁军威，沈瑜，黄永皓，孟远景，尚金成，夏清，康重庆．AGC辅助服务市场的竞价模式研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，43(9)：1191-1194
[26] 沈瑜，夏清，江健健等．电力市场短期交易计划新模型及其求解策略研究．电力系统自动化，1999，23(18)：12-16
[27] 武亚光，李卫东，吴海波，张锐，金钟鹤，柳焯．我国发电侧电力市场中AGC机组的调配框架研究．电力系统自动化，2003，27(2)：37-40
[28] LI Wei-dong, WU Hai-bo, SUN Hui, WU Ya-guang, ZHANG Rui, JIN Zhong-he. Framework of Generating Unit Selection to Perform AGC Function after Deregulation. IEEE-PES/CSEE 2002 International Conference on Power System Technology, 2002, 1: 211-215
[29] 林万菁，刘娆，李卫东，武亚光，张锐，金钟鹤．发电侧电力市场下的AGC容量确定与机组选择．全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第十九届年会论文集(下册)．成都：西南交通大学，2003：1981-1986
[30] 葛炬，张粒子，周小兵，董雷．AGC机组参与电力市场辅助服务的探讨．电网技术，2002，26(12)：61-65
[31] 牛东晓，曹树华，赵磊等．电力负荷预测技术及其应用．北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[32] 李卫东，吴海波，武亚光，张锐，金钟鹤．电力市场下AGC机组调配的遗传算法．电力系统自动化，2003，27(15)：20-24
[33] 李端超，江山立，陈家庚，李东明．AGC机组调节效能定量评估与补偿方式研究．电网技术，2001，25(8)：15-19
[34] 武亚光，张锐，金钟鹤．自动发电控制(AGC)系统运用控制方式与措施探讨．东北电力技术，2001，10：1-3
[35] Mc Fedries P．Office 2000 VBA编程技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[36] Ken Getz，Mike Gilbert．VBA高级开发指南．北京：电子工业出版社，1997
[2] Australia's National Electricity Market Management Company (NEMMCO). http://www.nemmco.com.au
[3] Harry Singh, Alex Papalexopoulos. Competitive Procurement of Ancillary Services by an Independent System Operator. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1999, 14(2): 498-504
[4] Xingwang Ma, David Sun. Energy and Ancillary Service Dispatch in a Competitive Pool. IEEE on Power Engineering Review, 1998, 18(1): 54-56
[5] Contingency Reserve Pricing via a Joint Energy and Reserve Dispatching Approach. M Rashidinejad, Y H Song, M H Javidi Dasht-Bayaz. Energy Conversion and Management, 2002, 43:537-548
[6] Kwok W Cheung, Payman Shamsollahi, David Sun, James Milligan, Mike Potishnak. Energy and Ancillary Service Dispatch for the Interim ISO New England Electricity Market. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 15(3): 968-974
[7] ISO New England Market Rules and Procedures. http://www.iso-ne.com/
[8] Jaleei Nasser, Vanslyck L S, Ewart Donlad, et al. Understanding Automatic Generation Control. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1999, 14(1): 274-279
[9] 陈枫，陈利跃．浙江发电市场中的实时调度与AGC设计．电力系统自动化，2000，24(20)：59-61
[10] 温步瀛，佘占兴，杜松怀．新英格兰电力市场AGC辅助服务市场分析．华北电力技术．2001，9：3-5
[11] Gomez T, Marnay C, Siddiqui A, et al. Ancillary Services Markets in California. http://eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/pslx7/43986.pdf
[12] Jayantilal A, Cheung K W, Shamsollahi P, et al. Market Based Regulation for the PJM Electricity Market. IEEE Power Ind. Appl. Conf. Sydney, Australia, 2001: 155-160
[13] Skytte K. Regulating Power Market on the Nordic Power Exchange Nord Pool: An Econometric Analysis. Energy Economics, 1999, 21 (4): 295-308
[14] Richard F. Ancillary Services in England and Wales. IEE Colloquium (Digest). London, UK, 1996, 164: 2/1-2/5
[15] Market Rules and Procedures. New England Power Pool FERC Electric Rate Schedule No.6, 2001. http://www.iso-ne.com
[16] 于尔铿，刘广一，周京阳．能量管理系统(EMS)：第一讲—EMS的技术发展．电力系统自动化，1997，21(1)：65-68
[17] 林万菁，孙辉，李卫东，魏立明．一种配电网潮流计算混合算法．大连理工大学学报，2003，43(3)：377-381
[18] 周京阳，于尔铿．能量管理系统(EMS)：第五讲—自动发电控制．电力系统自动化，1997，21(5)：75-78
[19] 赵庆波，曾鸣，刘敏，林海英．电力市场中的负荷频率控制方案研究．中国电机工程学报，2002，
22(11)：45-50
[20] 汪德星．华东电网实施CPS标准的探索．电力系统自动化，2000，24(4)：41-44
[21] NERC's New Control Performance Standards, Nasser Jaleeli, Louis S VanSlyck. IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, 1999, 14(3): 1092-1099
[22] 郏斌，王锡凡．电力市场环境下的系统频率控制．电力系统自动化，1999，23(2)：55-58
[23] 桂贤明，李明节．电力市场建立后电网AGC技术改进的探讨．电力系统自动化，2000，24(9)：48-51
[24] 尚金成，黄永皓，夏清．电力市场理论研究与应用．北京：中国电力出版社，2002
[25] 丁军威，沈瑜，黄永皓，孟远景，尚金成，夏清，康重庆．AGC辅助服务市场的竞价模式研究．清华大学学报(自然科学版)，2003，43(9)：1191-1194
[26] 沈瑜，夏清，江健健等．电力市场短期交易计划新模型及其求解策略研究．电力系统自动化，1999，23(18)：12-16
[27] 武亚光，李卫东，吴海波，张锐，金钟鹤，柳焯．我国发电侧电力市场中AGC机组的调配框架研究．电力系统自动化，2003，27(2)：37-40
[28] LI Wei-dong, WU Hai-bo, SUN Hui, WU Ya-guang, ZHANG Rui, JIN Zhong-he. Framework of Generating Unit Selection to Perform AGC Function after Deregulation. IEEE-PES/CSEE 2002 International Conference on Power System Technology, 2002, 1: 211-215
[29] 林万菁，刘娆，李卫东，武亚光，张锐，金钟鹤．发电侧电力市场下的AGC容量确定与机组选择．全国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第十九届年会论文集(下册)．成都：西南交通大学，2003：1981-1986
[30] 葛炬，张粒子，周小兵，董雷．AGC机组参与电力市场辅助服务的探讨．电网技术，2002，26(12)：61-65
[31] 牛东晓，曹树华，赵磊等．电力负荷预测技术及其应用．北京：中国电力出版社，1999
[32] 李卫东，吴海波，武亚光，张锐，金钟鹤．电力市场下AGC机组调配的遗传算法．电力系统自动化，2003，27(15)：20-24
[33] 李端超，江山立，陈家庚，李东明．AGC机组调节效能定量评估与补偿方式研究．电网技术，2001，25(8)：15-19
[34] 武亚光，张锐，金钟鹤．自动发电控制(AGC)系统运用控制方式与措施探讨．东北电力技术，2001，10：1-3
[35] Mc Fedries P．Office 2000 VBA编程技术．北京：电子工业出版社，2000
[36] Ken Getz，Mike Gilbert．VBA高级开发指南．北京：电子工业出版社，1997