超孵化器的商业模式研究
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摘要
在短短的几十年时间里,孵化器成功地孵育了众多的中小高科技企业,为高新技术的发展作出了巨大的贡献。但在面对新兴的互联网企业时,却显得捉襟见肘、束手无策。由此,应运而生了一种专门孵化互联网企业的新型孵化器——超孵化器。
超孵化器旨在突破传统孵化器力不能及的服务范围,超出传统孵化器的服务边界,为互联网企业提供特有的孵化服务。以流星追月的速度,为瞬息万变的互联网技术及其企业,提供一套科学的商业模式显得至关重要。国外的超孵化器企业,一般都具备一套相辅而行的较为成熟的商业模式;而国内的超孵化器或者生搬硬套,或者果于自信,不采用任何模式,好似一盘散沙。因此,研究适合我国超孵化器的科学的商业模式,对于在我国新兴不久的互联网企业尤为重要,同时,对我国的经济发展也具有重大的现实意义。
文章运用企业管理学、技术经济学和风险资本经济学的相关理论,对超孵化器的商业模式及其运行规律进行了系统地分析,完成了以下几个方面的研究工作,并得到了具有建设性的结论。
论文的主要工作为:
(1)综述超孵化器的发展现状,明确所要研究的问题。作者认为超孵化器是传统孵化器的有力补充,为新兴的互联网中小企业,提供了一个崭新的孵化平台;
(2)从超孵化器与传统孵化器的分野出发,阐述了超孵化器的历史发生、含义和特点,明确了超孵化器的功能、优越性和社会联系,指出了超孵化器的部门设置及其运作过程等理论问题:
(3)提出了超孵化器的商业模式及其运行规则,从分析超孵化器的自身特点和管理机制入手,总结出了超孵化器的三大经济理论和三大驱动法则;
(4)对国际上知名的超孵化器CMGI(College Marketing Group)(美国)进行了实证分析和综合评价,并进一步论证了本文所提出的商业模式的合理性和可行性;
(5)给出本文的主要结论,探讨了超孵化器的未来发展趋势。
根据以上工作,本文得到的主要结论为:
(1)对超孵化器的研究,不仅具有较强的实际应用价值,而且还具备一定的理论研究意义;
(2)超孵化器与传统孵化器优势互补,共同构成了一个完善的、有机的孵化器体系;
(3)实证分析表明,超孵化器的商业模式是超孵化器运行的轴心和航向,探讨一个科学的商业模式,对超孵化器的正常运行起着寸辖制轮的作用。
Incubators had given birth to many minor enterprises and contributed brilliantly to the development of high technology since they came into the world scores of years ago. But when subjected to the rising internet corporations they come to be in hot water. The social needing becomes midwifery of a new kind of internet incubators-super incubators, which come from the traditional matrixes.
The super incubators had shown brilliant vitality-excess profit, rapid velocity, super-influence and gained their honor since they came into the world. In spite of their great achievement abroad, it is difficult to find the enterprises be worthy of the name of super incubators in our country. The default of a set of commercial mode of super incubators can be said a pity all along in the state which should become great power through technology. Therefore study on commercial-mode of Super-incubator and implementation would be of great significance for the economical development of our country.
In this dissertation, the theories concerned about enterprise management、technological economics、venture capital invest will be used to analyze systemic -ally the commercial mode and running rule of super incubator. The author's accomplishments and constructive conclusions are supplied as following.
The accomplishments there are as:
(1) The research history about the super-incubator will be reviewed, question to be answered can be brought out as the result. The author thank that the super ones should be alternative of the traditional incubators, and even though the super incubators may be the most wonderful sample for the upgrading minor innovative internet enterprises;
(2) Explanation will be given about the course of development, definition, characteristic, distinction and affiliation between the one concerned in this essay and the traditional, And these theories about the function and advantage, the social relationship, the institutional framework and operation will also be described in detail;
(3) The commercial mode of super-incubator and manage measures will be analyzed. Three kinds of theoretical models and their corresponding operational codes will be concluded based on the analysis of their natural characteristic and manage systems;
(4) The model supplied by the author will be supported by the case analysis and comprehensive assessment of the famous Super-incubator internationally, namely, CMGI ( College Marketing Group) ;
(5) Several important conclusions can be given according the previous descriptions. The development trend of super-incubator will be discussed.
The conclusions given as:
(1) Research on super-incubators is of practical and theoretical significance;
(2) Super-incubators is of great advantage compared with the traditional ones. They are the descendants and inevitable trend of the previous;
(3) The advantage of Super-incubators lies in the economical mode. It appears to be obvious to study operation rules of super incubators.
超孵化器旨在突破传统孵化器力不能及的服务范围,超出传统孵化器的服务边界,为互联网企业提供特有的孵化服务。以流星追月的速度,为瞬息万变的互联网技术及其企业,提供一套科学的商业模式显得至关重要。国外的超孵化器企业,一般都具备一套相辅而行的较为成熟的商业模式;而国内的超孵化器或者生搬硬套,或者果于自信,不采用任何模式,好似一盘散沙。因此,研究适合我国超孵化器的科学的商业模式,对于在我国新兴不久的互联网企业尤为重要,同时,对我国的经济发展也具有重大的现实意义。
文章运用企业管理学、技术经济学和风险资本经济学的相关理论,对超孵化器的商业模式及其运行规律进行了系统地分析,完成了以下几个方面的研究工作,并得到了具有建设性的结论。
论文的主要工作为:
(1)综述超孵化器的发展现状,明确所要研究的问题。作者认为超孵化器是传统孵化器的有力补充,为新兴的互联网中小企业,提供了一个崭新的孵化平台;
(2)从超孵化器与传统孵化器的分野出发,阐述了超孵化器的历史发生、含义和特点,明确了超孵化器的功能、优越性和社会联系,指出了超孵化器的部门设置及其运作过程等理论问题:
(3)提出了超孵化器的商业模式及其运行规则,从分析超孵化器的自身特点和管理机制入手,总结出了超孵化器的三大经济理论和三大驱动法则;
(4)对国际上知名的超孵化器CMGI(College Marketing Group)(美国)进行了实证分析和综合评价,并进一步论证了本文所提出的商业模式的合理性和可行性;
(5)给出本文的主要结论,探讨了超孵化器的未来发展趋势。
根据以上工作,本文得到的主要结论为:
(1)对超孵化器的研究,不仅具有较强的实际应用价值,而且还具备一定的理论研究意义;
(2)超孵化器与传统孵化器优势互补,共同构成了一个完善的、有机的孵化器体系;
(3)实证分析表明,超孵化器的商业模式是超孵化器运行的轴心和航向,探讨一个科学的商业模式,对超孵化器的正常运行起着寸辖制轮的作用。
Incubators had given birth to many minor enterprises and contributed brilliantly to the development of high technology since they came into the world scores of years ago. But when subjected to the rising internet corporations they come to be in hot water. The social needing becomes midwifery of a new kind of internet incubators-super incubators, which come from the traditional matrixes.
The super incubators had shown brilliant vitality-excess profit, rapid velocity, super-influence and gained their honor since they came into the world. In spite of their great achievement abroad, it is difficult to find the enterprises be worthy of the name of super incubators in our country. The default of a set of commercial mode of super incubators can be said a pity all along in the state which should become great power through technology. Therefore study on commercial-mode of Super-incubator and implementation would be of great significance for the economical development of our country.
In this dissertation, the theories concerned about enterprise management、technological economics、venture capital invest will be used to analyze systemic -ally the commercial mode and running rule of super incubator. The author's accomplishments and constructive conclusions are supplied as following.
The accomplishments there are as:
(1) The research history about the super-incubator will be reviewed, question to be answered can be brought out as the result. The author thank that the super ones should be alternative of the traditional incubators, and even though the super incubators may be the most wonderful sample for the upgrading minor innovative internet enterprises;
(2) Explanation will be given about the course of development, definition, characteristic, distinction and affiliation between the one concerned in this essay and the traditional, And these theories about the function and advantage, the social relationship, the institutional framework and operation will also be described in detail;
(3) The commercial mode of super-incubator and manage measures will be analyzed. Three kinds of theoretical models and their corresponding operational codes will be concluded based on the analysis of their natural characteristic and manage systems;
(4) The model supplied by the author will be supported by the case analysis and comprehensive assessment of the famous Super-incubator internationally, namely, CMGI ( College Marketing Group) ;
(5) Several important conclusions can be given according the previous descriptions. The development trend of super-incubator will be discussed.
The conclusions given as:
(1) Research on super-incubators is of practical and theoretical significance;
(2) Super-incubators is of great advantage compared with the traditional ones. They are the descendants and inevitable trend of the previous;
(3) The advantage of Super-incubators lies in the economical mode. It appears to be obvious to study operation rules of super incubators.
引文
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[2]崔林涛.加强科技创新搞好企业孵化推进西安高新技术产业快速发展.世界企业孵化育技术创新大会论文选编[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2000:56-57
[3]钱平凡.孵化器运作的国际经验与我国孵化器产业的发展对策[J].管理世界,2000,5(6):78-84
[4]林强,姜彦福.中国科技孵化器的发展及新趋势[J].科学学研究,2002,51(2):198-201
[5]慕容.互联网风险投资发展趋势[EB/OL].http://www.umaz.cn/11/webl.html,2007年4月10日
[6]我国风险投资的现状及对策[EB/OL].http://chinrz.bj.cn/html/xxnews/20069/2006926134820.html,2006年9月26日
[7]罗斯顿·拉卡卡.经济发展中的企业孵化器[M].天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1997:25-29
[8]张健.英国科学园发展状况[J].科技园区,2004,38(12):21-25
[9]Athens.The state of business Incubator Industry[J].National Business Incubator Association,1998:11-15
[10]吴寿仁.法国的科技孵化器[J].企业管理,2002,29(3):5-8
[11]索赫尼.给予中小企业技术支持,促进亚太地区企业孵化[J].世界企业孵化和技术创新大会手册,2000年4月:12
[12]颜振军.中国科技孵化器论[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2000:6-9
[13]李布.中国高技术科技孵化器绩效的研究(博士学位论文)[M].北京:中国人民大学,2001:60-62
[14]科技部火炬高技术产业开发中心.中国火炬计划2003年度报告[R],2004:1-4
[15]孙大海等.中国百家孵化器调查报告(二)[J].中国科技产业,2005,22 (5):22-28
[16]Haber,Carol.The Fort Collins virtual business incubator[J].Public Management,1998,80(3):10-17
[17]莫汉·索内(美),兰杰·古拉提,安东尼·保尼,凯洛科技风险企业小组.科技风险企业--硅谷的商业模式[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2002:27
[18]李广春.基于风险投资的孵化器发展研究[J].企业经济,2003(06):35-38
[19]如斯坦·拉卡卡.经济发展中的科技孵化器[M].天津:天津科技翻译出版公司,1997:34-42
[20]Birley S.The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1985,1(1):107-117
[21]Hansen.Networked incubators[J].Harvard Business review,2000,(5):74-84
[22]何晓南,方跃峰,王少青.试论孵化器作用、建设及发展的策略.浙江万理学院学报[J].200l,21(3):24-29
[23]陈云.科技孵化器与风险投资协同发展的研究(硕士学位论文)[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004:33-36
[24]Venture Capital.风险资本市场的功能[EB/OL].http://www.sinovclst.com/articleview/2006-11-19/article_view_2058.htm,2006-11-19
[25]秦宝庭,吴景增.知识与经济增长[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1999,39-43
[26]景俊海.企业孵化器的科学分类及社会关系分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2000:1-3
[27]吕本富,张鹏.77种网络经济创造模式[N].中国经济时报,2000:1-4
[28]Dubini.P,Aldrich.Personal and extended networks are central to the entrepreneurial process[J].Journal of Business Venturing,1991,6(5):305-313
[29]范近近.基于新经济的科技孵化器管理模式研究(硕士学位论文)[D].西安:西安交通大学,2001:6-9
[30]程艳.科技孵化器的运行机制研究:(硕士学位论文)[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2004:12-15
[31]李娜.新经济的50个热点[J].IT经理世界,2005,(12):26
[32]钱颖一,肖梦.走出误区--经济学家论说硅谷模式[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2000(3):93-94
[33]Baum,Locke.A multidimensional model of venture growth[J].Academy of Management Journal,2001,44(2):292-303
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