内燃机稀燃快燃点火控制电路研究
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摘要
排放法规的日益严格、环境保护问题的日益严峻以及石油资源的日益短缺,对现有的内燃机技术提出了更为严峻的挑战。在内燃机上采用稀薄燃烧技术,可以扩大内燃机的空燃比,使得燃料在气缸内燃烧更加充分,可以有效降低燃油消耗率和有害物质的排放。由于发动机采用稀薄燃烧方式,缸内可燃混合气浓度变稀,点燃它需要更多的点火能量。本课题主要针对内燃机稀燃点火系统,开发可以控制稀燃发动机实现以能量叠加方式点火的控制电路,为进一步研究稀燃发动机的点火控制提供实验依据。
点火控制电路的硬件部分是以Atmel公司生产的AT89S52单片机作为控制单元,针对稀燃发动机点火系统的控制要求,设计了单片机的电源电路、晶振和复位电路、I/O接口扩展电路、键盘电路、信号发生器电路、抗干扰电路、转速显示电路以及相关的驱动电路等。设计中严格按照电路板的设计要求,选择合适的元器件以及电路布线规则,提高点火控制电路板的可靠性。
点火控制电路的软件部分包括对按键和信号发生器触发点火信号两种方式的程序设计,通过正确的软件设计实现对点火电路精确的时间控制。软件设计中多采用模块设计方法,提高了程序的可读性。主要包括芯片初始化模块、时间延时模块、按键识别模块、转速显示模块、单片机外部中断模块和单片机定时器中断模块等,软件设计能够对外部信号触发做出识别,根据稀燃发动机的点火特性,确定程序中重要参数的数值。按照相应的触发方式输出准确的点火信号波形、点火频率以及相应的电压值,实现稀燃发动机的能量叠加点火。
对内燃机稀燃点火控制电路的硬件和软件在数字示波器上进行实验测试。分别在按键触发和信号发生器两种外部控制信号的输入下,在不同的输入转速和频率下,对示波器的输出信号进行分析和总结。实验结果表明,本课题中的稀燃点火控制电路板设计和控制多个点火信号输出的软件设计都很好的实现了点火信号和频率输出,输出的波形可以满足发动机能量叠加点火要求。
本点火控制系统不仅可以准确的实现对点火电路的时间控制,而且可以适应很宽的转速范围,使得该点火系统不仅可以可靠的应用于通用点燃式发动机,也可以对超高速发动机实现点火控制。
With the emission control regulations and the environmental protection being increasingly stricter and stem as well as the shortage of the oil resource, the present technology of internal combustion engine (ICE) faces more challenges than ever before. The air/fuel ratio can be increased and the fuel can be combusted more completely in the cylinder by applying the lean-burn technology on internal combustion engine. With this technology, the oil consumption and the emission of the deleterious matter can be effectively decreased. As the engine works under the lean-burn condition, the mixture in the cylinder becomes lean. Much more spark ignition energy should be supplied in order to ignite the lean mixture. In this project, an electric circuit board is designed and made to meet the requirement of the ICE's lean-burn ignition system which operates under the mode of superposed energy ignition. Further research on the ignition control of the lean-burn ICE can make use of the result in this project.
The hardware of the lean-burn ICE's ignition control circuit designed for the ignition control requirement of the lean-burn ICE, based on the single-chip microcomputer (SCM) AT89S52 produced by the Atmel company. These circuits include the SCM's power circuit, the crystal oscillator and reset circuit, the I/O interface extended circuit, the keyboard circuit, the signal generator circuit, the anti-jamming circuit, the rotate speed display circuit the correlative drive circuit and so on. The circuit design strictly conforms to the rules for designing the printed-circuit board. Proper components and routing rules are selected to increase the operation reliability of the circuit board.
The software of the ignition control circuit consists of two kinds of program design for the key-press and square-wave that trigger the control circuit to output ignition signal. The timing of the ignition circuit is accurately controlled by designing the right software. Modularized design is used for the software to increase the readability of the program. The whole software mainly includes the chip initial module, the delay module, the key-press identifying module, the rotate speed display module, the SCM's external interrupt module and the timer interrupt module. According to the ignition characteristic of lean-burn ICE, the software should distinguish the external signal trigger to definite the value of the important parameter in the program. Exact ignition signal wave, the frequency and the voltage value should be output under the corresponding trigger.
The hardware of the ignition control circuit board and software are validated on the digital oscillograph. The external control signal is input either by key-press trigger or signal generator trigger. The output of the oscillograph is analysed and summarized on the condition of different rotate speed or frequency makes the board work. The experimental results show that the design of the ignition control circuit board and the software can accurately output ignition signal as well as its frequency. The wave meets the requirement of superposed energy ignition.
The ignition control system not only preciously makes the time of ignition circuit under control, but also adapts wide range of rotate speed. The ignition control system can be reliably used not only for the general spark ignition engines but for the high rotate speed engines.
点火控制电路的硬件部分是以Atmel公司生产的AT89S52单片机作为控制单元,针对稀燃发动机点火系统的控制要求,设计了单片机的电源电路、晶振和复位电路、I/O接口扩展电路、键盘电路、信号发生器电路、抗干扰电路、转速显示电路以及相关的驱动电路等。设计中严格按照电路板的设计要求,选择合适的元器件以及电路布线规则,提高点火控制电路板的可靠性。
点火控制电路的软件部分包括对按键和信号发生器触发点火信号两种方式的程序设计,通过正确的软件设计实现对点火电路精确的时间控制。软件设计中多采用模块设计方法,提高了程序的可读性。主要包括芯片初始化模块、时间延时模块、按键识别模块、转速显示模块、单片机外部中断模块和单片机定时器中断模块等,软件设计能够对外部信号触发做出识别,根据稀燃发动机的点火特性,确定程序中重要参数的数值。按照相应的触发方式输出准确的点火信号波形、点火频率以及相应的电压值,实现稀燃发动机的能量叠加点火。
对内燃机稀燃点火控制电路的硬件和软件在数字示波器上进行实验测试。分别在按键触发和信号发生器两种外部控制信号的输入下,在不同的输入转速和频率下,对示波器的输出信号进行分析和总结。实验结果表明,本课题中的稀燃点火控制电路板设计和控制多个点火信号输出的软件设计都很好的实现了点火信号和频率输出,输出的波形可以满足发动机能量叠加点火要求。
本点火控制系统不仅可以准确的实现对点火电路的时间控制,而且可以适应很宽的转速范围,使得该点火系统不仅可以可靠的应用于通用点燃式发动机,也可以对超高速发动机实现点火控制。
With the emission control regulations and the environmental protection being increasingly stricter and stem as well as the shortage of the oil resource, the present technology of internal combustion engine (ICE) faces more challenges than ever before. The air/fuel ratio can be increased and the fuel can be combusted more completely in the cylinder by applying the lean-burn technology on internal combustion engine. With this technology, the oil consumption and the emission of the deleterious matter can be effectively decreased. As the engine works under the lean-burn condition, the mixture in the cylinder becomes lean. Much more spark ignition energy should be supplied in order to ignite the lean mixture. In this project, an electric circuit board is designed and made to meet the requirement of the ICE's lean-burn ignition system which operates under the mode of superposed energy ignition. Further research on the ignition control of the lean-burn ICE can make use of the result in this project.
The hardware of the lean-burn ICE's ignition control circuit designed for the ignition control requirement of the lean-burn ICE, based on the single-chip microcomputer (SCM) AT89S52 produced by the Atmel company. These circuits include the SCM's power circuit, the crystal oscillator and reset circuit, the I/O interface extended circuit, the keyboard circuit, the signal generator circuit, the anti-jamming circuit, the rotate speed display circuit the correlative drive circuit and so on. The circuit design strictly conforms to the rules for designing the printed-circuit board. Proper components and routing rules are selected to increase the operation reliability of the circuit board.
The software of the ignition control circuit consists of two kinds of program design for the key-press and square-wave that trigger the control circuit to output ignition signal. The timing of the ignition circuit is accurately controlled by designing the right software. Modularized design is used for the software to increase the readability of the program. The whole software mainly includes the chip initial module, the delay module, the key-press identifying module, the rotate speed display module, the SCM's external interrupt module and the timer interrupt module. According to the ignition characteristic of lean-burn ICE, the software should distinguish the external signal trigger to definite the value of the important parameter in the program. Exact ignition signal wave, the frequency and the voltage value should be output under the corresponding trigger.
The hardware of the ignition control circuit board and software are validated on the digital oscillograph. The external control signal is input either by key-press trigger or signal generator trigger. The output of the oscillograph is analysed and summarized on the condition of different rotate speed or frequency makes the board work. The experimental results show that the design of the ignition control circuit board and the software can accurately output ignition signal as well as its frequency. The wave meets the requirement of superposed energy ignition.
The ignition control system not only preciously makes the time of ignition circuit under control, but also adapts wide range of rotate speed. The ignition control system can be reliably used not only for the general spark ignition engines but for the high rotate speed engines.
引文
[1]崔晓敏.基于Mega16L微控制器的新型直喷汽油机电控点火系统的研究[学位论文].大连,大连理工大学,2005
[2]邹长庚,赵琳.现代汽车电子控制系统构造原理与故障诊断(上)—发动机部分.北京:北京理工大学出版社.2004:4-85
[3]贾二虎.稀燃快燃点火电路特性的初步研究[学位论文].太原:太原理工大学,2006
[4]刘键.汽油机高能点火试验装置的研究开发[学位论文].天津:天津大学,2005
[5]申琳.面向GDI和HCCI试验发动机的电控系统软硬件设计[学位论文].北京:清华大学,2004
[6]付百学.21世纪轿车理想的动力装置GDI发动机.汽车运用,1999,(1):45-46
[7]高剑,蒋德明,黄佐华,王锡斌.缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机燃油喷雾和分层燃烧的数值研究.内燃机学报,2005,23(4):297-396
[8]J.D.Dale,M.D.Checkela,P.R.Smyb.Application of High Energy Ignition Systems to Engines.Prog.Energy Combusr.Sci.1997,23:379-398
[9]Zhichao Tan,Rolf D.Reitz.An ignition and combustion model based on the level-set method for spark ignition engine multidimensional modeling.Combustion and Flame,2006,145:1-15
[10]N.Nedunchezhian,S.Dhandapani.Study of flame quenching and near-wall combustion of lean burn fuel-air mixture in a catalytically activated spark-ignited lean burn engine.Combustion and Flame,2006,(144):407-409
[11]M.C.Drake,D.C.Haworth.Advanced gasoline engine development using optical diagnostics and numerical modeling.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2007,(31):99-124
[12]Enzo Galloni,Mariagiovanna Minutillo.Performance of a spark ignition engine fuelled with reformate gas produced on-board vehicle.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2006,(1):1-7
[13]T.D'Andrea,P.F.Henshaw,D.S.-K.Ting.The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fuelled SI engine.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2004,(29):1541-1552
[14]Miroslav Baric,Ivan Petrovic,Nedjeljko Peric.Neural network-based sliding mode control of electronic throttle.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2005,(18):951-961
[15]M.H.Morsy,S.H.Chung.Laser-induced multi-point ignition with a single-shot laser using two conical cavities for hydrogen/air mixture.Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2003,27(4):491-497
[16]O.Yasar.A new ignition model for spark-ignited engine simulations.Parallel Computing,2001,27:179-200
[17]Dehong Zhang and Steven H.Frankel.A numerical study of natural gas combustion in a lean burn engine.Combust.Flame,1998,77(12):1339-1347
[18]E.Ivers-Tiffe'e,K.H.Hardtl,W.Menesklou,J.Riegel.Principles of solid state oxygen sensors for lean combustion gas control.Electrochimica Acta,2001,(47):807-814
[19]Ming Zheng,Graham T.Reader.Energy efficiency analyses of active flow aftertreatment systems for lean burn internal combustion engines.Energy Conversion and Management,2004,(45):2473-2493
[20]Laura A.Kranendonk,Joachim W.Walewski,Tongwoo Kim,Scott T.Sanders.Wavelength-agile sensor applied for HCCI engine measurements.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2005,(30):1619-1627
[21]邹华.电控汽油机控制策略分析与研究[学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[22]刘永庄,刘杰,赵宜等.电容放电连续多次点火装置的研究.汽车电器,2004,(5):14-16
[23]栾亦木.电控LPG喷射发动机多次点火系统的研究[学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2003
[24]卫忠星,何文华,邵千钧等.多次点火对LPG发动机怠速性能影响的研究.内燃机工程,2004,(6):27-29
[25]蒋峰,陈维钧.一种新型点火装置在汽油机中的应用研究.车用发动机,2004,(5):50-51
[26]Orietta Monticelli,Raf Loenders,Pierre A.Jacobs,et al.NOx removal from exhaust gas from lean burn internal combustion engines through adsorption on FAU type zeolites cation exchanged with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1999,(21):215-220
[27]Shi Shao-xi.Recent Progress in Combustion Technologies for Automotive Engines.Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2001,7(1):1-15
[28]朱健声,冯宗宁,张弘等.电容放电用高效点火线圈的设计.杭州师范学院院报,1995,(6):42-49
[29]乔安平,高峰,李云清.一种新的能量叠加点火系电路理论研究.农业机械学报,2004,35(2):21-25
[30]余本雄,汪洋,朱涛等.超高能点火装置的开发及其在稀薄混合气点火中的应用,汽车工程,2004,26(1):27-31
[31]于吉超.稀薄燃烧汽油机电控系统设计与NO_x排放控制研究[学位论文].天津:天津大学,2004
[32]裴元江,刘书亮等.稀燃汽油机电控系统的硬件设计.小型内燃机与摩托车,2004,(6):16-18
[33]王彦苏.汽油机16位ECU的设计研究[学位论文].太原:太原理工大学,2005
[34]刘德新,刘书亮,王天友等.夏利2000发动机稀薄燃烧电控系统的研制与应用.车辆与动力技术,2002,(4):1-6
[35]刘飞龙,袁大宏,罗峰.发动机电子控制单元硬件抗干扰技术.汽车技术2002,(3):9-12
[36]朱蓉,郑建华.基于MCS-51单片机定时精确控制的研究.现代电子技术,2005,(17):32-34
[37]杨渠.摩托车点火系统的发展现状及趋势.四川兵工学报,2003,24(6):16-18
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[44]谢维成,杨加国.单片机原理与应用及C51程序设计.北京:清华大学出版社.2006:169-285
[2]邹长庚,赵琳.现代汽车电子控制系统构造原理与故障诊断(上)—发动机部分.北京:北京理工大学出版社.2004:4-85
[3]贾二虎.稀燃快燃点火电路特性的初步研究[学位论文].太原:太原理工大学,2006
[4]刘键.汽油机高能点火试验装置的研究开发[学位论文].天津:天津大学,2005
[5]申琳.面向GDI和HCCI试验发动机的电控系统软硬件设计[学位论文].北京:清华大学,2004
[6]付百学.21世纪轿车理想的动力装置GDI发动机.汽车运用,1999,(1):45-46
[7]高剑,蒋德明,黄佐华,王锡斌.缸内直喷(GDI)汽油机燃油喷雾和分层燃烧的数值研究.内燃机学报,2005,23(4):297-396
[8]J.D.Dale,M.D.Checkela,P.R.Smyb.Application of High Energy Ignition Systems to Engines.Prog.Energy Combusr.Sci.1997,23:379-398
[9]Zhichao Tan,Rolf D.Reitz.An ignition and combustion model based on the level-set method for spark ignition engine multidimensional modeling.Combustion and Flame,2006,145:1-15
[10]N.Nedunchezhian,S.Dhandapani.Study of flame quenching and near-wall combustion of lean burn fuel-air mixture in a catalytically activated spark-ignited lean burn engine.Combustion and Flame,2006,(144):407-409
[11]M.C.Drake,D.C.Haworth.Advanced gasoline engine development using optical diagnostics and numerical modeling.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2007,(31):99-124
[12]Enzo Galloni,Mariagiovanna Minutillo.Performance of a spark ignition engine fuelled with reformate gas produced on-board vehicle.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2006,(1):1-7
[13]T.D'Andrea,P.F.Henshaw,D.S.-K.Ting.The addition of hydrogen to a gasoline-fuelled SI engine.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2004,(29):1541-1552
[14]Miroslav Baric,Ivan Petrovic,Nedjeljko Peric.Neural network-based sliding mode control of electronic throttle.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2005,(18):951-961
[15]M.H.Morsy,S.H.Chung.Laser-induced multi-point ignition with a single-shot laser using two conical cavities for hydrogen/air mixture.Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science,2003,27(4):491-497
[16]O.Yasar.A new ignition model for spark-ignited engine simulations.Parallel Computing,2001,27:179-200
[17]Dehong Zhang and Steven H.Frankel.A numerical study of natural gas combustion in a lean burn engine.Combust.Flame,1998,77(12):1339-1347
[18]E.Ivers-Tiffe'e,K.H.Hardtl,W.Menesklou,J.Riegel.Principles of solid state oxygen sensors for lean combustion gas control.Electrochimica Acta,2001,(47):807-814
[19]Ming Zheng,Graham T.Reader.Energy efficiency analyses of active flow aftertreatment systems for lean burn internal combustion engines.Energy Conversion and Management,2004,(45):2473-2493
[20]Laura A.Kranendonk,Joachim W.Walewski,Tongwoo Kim,Scott T.Sanders.Wavelength-agile sensor applied for HCCI engine measurements.Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2005,(30):1619-1627
[21]邹华.电控汽油机控制策略分析与研究[学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学,2005
[22]刘永庄,刘杰,赵宜等.电容放电连续多次点火装置的研究.汽车电器,2004,(5):14-16
[23]栾亦木.电控LPG喷射发动机多次点火系统的研究[学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2003
[24]卫忠星,何文华,邵千钧等.多次点火对LPG发动机怠速性能影响的研究.内燃机工程,2004,(6):27-29
[25]蒋峰,陈维钧.一种新型点火装置在汽油机中的应用研究.车用发动机,2004,(5):50-51
[26]Orietta Monticelli,Raf Loenders,Pierre A.Jacobs,et al.NOx removal from exhaust gas from lean burn internal combustion engines through adsorption on FAU type zeolites cation exchanged with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1999,(21):215-220
[27]Shi Shao-xi.Recent Progress in Combustion Technologies for Automotive Engines.Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2001,7(1):1-15
[28]朱健声,冯宗宁,张弘等.电容放电用高效点火线圈的设计.杭州师范学院院报,1995,(6):42-49
[29]乔安平,高峰,李云清.一种新的能量叠加点火系电路理论研究.农业机械学报,2004,35(2):21-25
[30]余本雄,汪洋,朱涛等.超高能点火装置的开发及其在稀薄混合气点火中的应用,汽车工程,2004,26(1):27-31
[31]于吉超.稀薄燃烧汽油机电控系统设计与NO_x排放控制研究[学位论文].天津:天津大学,2004
[32]裴元江,刘书亮等.稀燃汽油机电控系统的硬件设计.小型内燃机与摩托车,2004,(6):16-18
[33]王彦苏.汽油机16位ECU的设计研究[学位论文].太原:太原理工大学,2005
[34]刘德新,刘书亮,王天友等.夏利2000发动机稀薄燃烧电控系统的研制与应用.车辆与动力技术,2002,(4):1-6
[35]刘飞龙,袁大宏,罗峰.发动机电子控制单元硬件抗干扰技术.汽车技术2002,(3):9-12
[36]朱蓉,郑建华.基于MCS-51单片机定时精确控制的研究.现代电子技术,2005,(17):32-34
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