复杂媒质的电磁特性分析
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摘要
分析复杂媒质的电磁特性对工程研究具有重要的理论和实用价值。复杂媒质包括各向异性煤质、双各向同性媒质、双各向异性媒质,其中双各向异性媒质是最一般的线性媒质。复杂媒质特性复杂且多为人工合成材料,工艺复杂,难度大,实验成本高且周期长,这时借助有效的电磁仿真就显得必要和迫切。近年来,随着计算机和现代科学技术的发展,如何准确分析复杂媒质目标体的电磁特性,一直是计算电磁学领域的研究热点。
本文首先介绍了铁氧体材料的特性,在矢量有限元方法基础上,实现了铁氧体环行器的环行特性仿真分析:在合元极方法基础上,深入研究并推导了适用于铁氧体、等离子体、手征材料等复杂媒质的通用泛函及变分表达式,使得复杂媒质的统一建模成为可能,并进一步分析计算了位于自由空间中的各类复杂媒质体的电磁散射特性;迫于目标与环境一体化建模的需要,本文还研究了位于半空间中的复杂媒质体的散射特性,并引入曲面基函数,从而为准确拟合曲率较大的目标体提供了一条有效途径。此外,本文还研究了覆盖等离子体层的金属平板,其反射系数随等离子相关参数变化的一些特性。本文通过与其它理论方法结果的比较,验证了本文理论的正确性。
It has practical and theory value to analyze electromagnetic scattering from the complex medium target in the project. Complex materials include chiral, anisotropic and bi-anisotropic media. In the complex materials, the bi-anisotropic media is the most general linear material with complicated characteristic .Especially, the process of producing the complex material is difficult, high cost and long period. So, it is needed to employ the analysis of electromagnetic .Recently, analysing scattering from the complex material targets has become more and more popular with the development of computers and modern science and technologies.
Firstly, the paper introduced the character of the ferrite and simulated electromagnetic characteristic of the circulator based on the finite element method (FEM); Nextly, the paper studied the formula which can be used in anisotropic, bi-isotropic, bi-anisotropic materials, such as ferrite、plasma、chiral and so on , achieving unity modeling of complex materials. Further more, based on FEBI(Finite element boundary integral method),the paper also analyze the character of electromagnetic scattering from complex medium target in a free space .With the requirement of unity modeling between target and environment , the paper also studied scattering from complex materials target above a lossy half space , and introduced the curve basic function .Consequently, the curve basic function could supply an effective approach for modeling target which has bigger curvature . Lastly, the paper also studied the reflection coefficient of the PEC plate covered plasma , which changes with the parameters of the plasma. In this paper, the numerical results are in agreement with the published data.
本文首先介绍了铁氧体材料的特性,在矢量有限元方法基础上,实现了铁氧体环行器的环行特性仿真分析:在合元极方法基础上,深入研究并推导了适用于铁氧体、等离子体、手征材料等复杂媒质的通用泛函及变分表达式,使得复杂媒质的统一建模成为可能,并进一步分析计算了位于自由空间中的各类复杂媒质体的电磁散射特性;迫于目标与环境一体化建模的需要,本文还研究了位于半空间中的复杂媒质体的散射特性,并引入曲面基函数,从而为准确拟合曲率较大的目标体提供了一条有效途径。此外,本文还研究了覆盖等离子体层的金属平板,其反射系数随等离子相关参数变化的一些特性。本文通过与其它理论方法结果的比较,验证了本文理论的正确性。
It has practical and theory value to analyze electromagnetic scattering from the complex medium target in the project. Complex materials include chiral, anisotropic and bi-anisotropic media. In the complex materials, the bi-anisotropic media is the most general linear material with complicated characteristic .Especially, the process of producing the complex material is difficult, high cost and long period. So, it is needed to employ the analysis of electromagnetic .Recently, analysing scattering from the complex material targets has become more and more popular with the development of computers and modern science and technologies.
Firstly, the paper introduced the character of the ferrite and simulated electromagnetic characteristic of the circulator based on the finite element method (FEM); Nextly, the paper studied the formula which can be used in anisotropic, bi-isotropic, bi-anisotropic materials, such as ferrite、plasma、chiral and so on , achieving unity modeling of complex materials. Further more, based on FEBI(Finite element boundary integral method),the paper also analyze the character of electromagnetic scattering from complex medium target in a free space .With the requirement of unity modeling between target and environment , the paper also studied scattering from complex materials target above a lossy half space , and introduced the curve basic function .Consequently, the curve basic function could supply an effective approach for modeling target which has bigger curvature . Lastly, the paper also studied the reflection coefficient of the PEC plate covered plasma , which changes with the parameters of the plasma. In this paper, the numerical results are in agreement with the published data.
引文
[1]S.Zouhdi,A.Sihvola,and M.Aralane,Eds.,Advances in Electromagnetics of Complex Media and Metamaterials.NATO Science Series.Norwell,MA:Kluwer,2003
[2]刘学观,郭辉萍,殷红成,巢增明,黄培康.电磁媒质的本构关系与分类.系统电子工程与电子技术,2005,27(3):388-402
[3]A.Lakhtakia,Rmarks on.Time domain modeling of electromagneticwave propagation in Tellegen media.Microwave and Optical Tech.Lett.,2004,41(2):133-135
[4]郭辉萍,刘学观,殷红成,巢增明,黄培康.电磁媒质本构关系公理化约束.中国科学G辑,2005,35(6):609-615
[5]R.D.Graglia,P.L.E.Uslenghi,and R.E.Zich.Reflection and transmission for planar structures of bianistropic media.Electromagnetics,1991,11(2):193-208
[6]M.M.Botha.Efficient finite element electromagnetic analysis of antennas and microwave devices:The FE-BI-FMM formulation and a posteriori error estimation for p adaptive analysis,Ph.D.dissertion,Univ.Stellenbosch,Stellenbosch,South Africa,2002
[7]K.C.Donepudi.G.Kang,etc.Higher-order MOM implementation to solve integral equations.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium,Florida,1999,3:1716-1719
[8]J.M.Jin.The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics.2nd ed,,New York:John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,2002.
[9]M.J.Turner,R.W.Clough,H.C.Martin and L.J.Topp.stiffness and deflection analysis of complex structures.J.Aero.Sci.,1956,23:805-823
[10]R.W.Clough.The finite element in plane stress analysis.Proc.ASCE.Conf..Electron Computat.pittsburg,PA,1960
[11]W.J.English and F.J.Young.An E.vector variational formulation of the Maxwell equations for cylindrical waveguide problems.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1971,19:40-46
[12]A.D.McAulay.variational finite-element solution for dissipative waveguides and transportation application.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1977,25:382-392
[13]Kiyoshi Ise,Kazuhiro Inoue,and Masanori Koshiba.Three-dimensional finite-element method with edge elements for electromagnetic waveguide discontinuities.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1991,39(8):1289-1295.
[14]Jin-Fa Lee and Raj Mittra.A note on the application of edge-element for modelling three-dimensional inhomogeneously-filled cavities.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1992,40(9):1767-1773
[15]A.Bossavit and I.Mayergoyz..Edge-elements for scattering problems.IEEE Trans.Magn.,1989,25:2816-2821
[16]Jian She Wang and Raj Mittra.Finite element analysis of MMIC structures and electronic packages using absorbing boundary conditions.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1994,42(3):441-449
[17]Wen Daigang,Jiang Kesun.P-version adaptive computation of FEM.IEEE Trans Magn,1994.,30(5):3515-3518
[18]I.Eiabuska,M.Sun.The p and h-p versions of finite element method,an overview,Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineenng,1990,5-26
[19]A..Raizer,S.R.H.Haole,G.Meunier,J.L Coulomb.p- and h- type adaptive mesh generation.Journal Appl.Phys,1990,67(9):1-6.
[20]A.Bayliss,M.Gunzburger and E.Turkel.Boundary conditions for the numerical solution of elliptic equations in exterior regions.SIAM J.Appl.Math,1982,42:430-451
[21]平学伟.电磁场中的快速有限元分析.南京理工大学博士论文,2007
[22]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安电子科技大学出版社,316-319
[23]R.S.CHEN,D.X.WANG and EDWARD K.N.YUNG..Analysis of ferrite waveguide devices by use of the edge FEM combined with the SOC technique,Int.J.Electronics,2002,89:(10),771-790
[24]Ru-Shan Chen,Member IEEE,and Edward Kai-Ning Yung,Senior Member IEEE.An Efficient Method to Analyze the H-Plane Waveguide Junction Circulator with a Ferrite Sphere,IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques,2001,49(5)
[25]Edward K.N.Yung,1 H.Y.Ding,1 R.S.Chen,1 and Z.M.Xie.Finite-difference analysis of H-plane waveguide Y-junction circulators,Microwave And Optical Technology Letters,1999,20(6):414-422
[26]胡淑欣.不规则形状铁氧体波导结环行器分析.东南大学硕士学位论文,2003
[27]Yang F,Wu H.C,Dou W.B.,Analysis of Millimeter Wave Microstrip Circulator,APMC2005 Proceedings
[28]Dou WenBin,Sun ZhongLiang.,8mm Band Microstrip Integrated Circulator[J],Journal of Microwaves(In Chinese),1996,12(1):109-115
[29]樊振宏.电磁散射分析中的快速算法.南京理工大学博士论文,2007
[30]盛新庆.计算电磁学要论.科学出版社,2004
[31]Y.Ji.Development and Applications of a Hybrid Finite-Element Method/ Method of-Moments(FEM/MOM) Tool to Model Electromagnetic Compatibility and Signal Integrity Problems.University of Missouri-Rolla,Ph.D dissertation,2000
[321 M.M.Botha and J.M.Jin..On the Variational Formulation of Hybrid Finite Element-Boundary Integral Techniques for Electromagnetic Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2004,(52):3037-3047
[33]Fu-Gang Hu,Chao-Fu Wang,and Yeow-Beng Gan..Efficient Calculation of Electromagnetic Scattering from Cavities Coated with Bianisotropic Media Using FE-BI Method with Higher-Order Tetrahedral Elements
[34]Filiberto Bilotti,Lucio Vegni and Alessandro Toscano.Rzdiation and Scattering Features of Patch Antennas With Bianisotropic Substrates.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Prooagation,2003,51(3):449-456
[35]Y.-L.Geng,Scattering of a plane wave by an anisotropic ferrite-coated conducting sphere.IET Microw.Antennas Propag,2008,2(2):158-162
[36]耿友林.矢量波函数在各向异性介质电磁散射中的应用.西安电子科技大学博士论文,2006
[37]Xiande Wang,Douglas H.Werner,Le-Wei Li,and Yeow-Beng Gan.,Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves With 3-D Arbitrarily Shaped Homogeneous Chiral Targets in the Presence of a Lossy Half Space,IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,2007,55(12):3647-3655
[38]D.X.Wang,E.K.N.Yung,Senior Member,IEEE,R.S.Chen,Member,IEEE,and P.Y.Lau.An Efficient Volume Integral Equation Solution to EM Scattering by Complex Bodies With Inhomogeneous Bi-Isotropy.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,2007,55(7):1970-1980
[39]Y.Zhang,X.Wei,and E.Li.,Electromagnetic Scattering from three-dimensional Bianisotropic Objects Using Hybrid Finite Element-Boundary Integral Method,J.of Electromagn.Waves and Appl.,2004,18(11):1549-1563
[40]万继响.多层微带结构的Mom及其快速算法研究.西安电子科技大学博士论文
[41]Xu Liming,Nie Zaiping,Hu Jun.Electromagnetic Modeling of 3D PEC Objects in a Half-space Environment,111-113
[42]Lars S.Andersen,John L.Volakis.Hierarchical Tangential Vector Finite Elements for Tetrahedra.IEEE Microwave And Guided Wave Letters,1998,8(3):127-129
[43]Julian P.Swartz and David Bruce Davidson.Curvilinear Vector Finite Elements Using a Set of Hierarchical Basis Functions.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,2007,55(2):440-446
[44]王晨.曲面基函数结合快速多极子方法准确高效分析散射问题.南京理工大学硕士论文,2006
[45]黄兴中,吕善伟.有等离子体层的导体圆柱空间散射特性的分析,北京航空航天大学学报,1998,24(3):260-262
[46]孙爱萍,李丽琼,邱孝明,董玉英.电磁波与非磁化等离子体的相互作用.核聚变与等离子体物理,2002,22(3):135-138
[47]吴琼.等离子体覆盖目标的电磁散射特性研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2006
[48]石建.导体与涂层目标电磁散射热型研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2001
[49]Dieter Klement.Jurgen Preissner,and Volk Stein.Special Problems in Applying the Physical Optics Method for Backscatter Computations of Complicated Objects.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,1988,36(2):228-237
[2]刘学观,郭辉萍,殷红成,巢增明,黄培康.电磁媒质的本构关系与分类.系统电子工程与电子技术,2005,27(3):388-402
[3]A.Lakhtakia,Rmarks on.Time domain modeling of electromagneticwave propagation in Tellegen media.Microwave and Optical Tech.Lett.,2004,41(2):133-135
[4]郭辉萍,刘学观,殷红成,巢增明,黄培康.电磁媒质本构关系公理化约束.中国科学G辑,2005,35(6):609-615
[5]R.D.Graglia,P.L.E.Uslenghi,and R.E.Zich.Reflection and transmission for planar structures of bianistropic media.Electromagnetics,1991,11(2):193-208
[6]M.M.Botha.Efficient finite element electromagnetic analysis of antennas and microwave devices:The FE-BI-FMM formulation and a posteriori error estimation for p adaptive analysis,Ph.D.dissertion,Univ.Stellenbosch,Stellenbosch,South Africa,2002
[7]K.C.Donepudi.G.Kang,etc.Higher-order MOM implementation to solve integral equations.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium,Florida,1999,3:1716-1719
[8]J.M.Jin.The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics.2nd ed,,New York:John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,2002.
[9]M.J.Turner,R.W.Clough,H.C.Martin and L.J.Topp.stiffness and deflection analysis of complex structures.J.Aero.Sci.,1956,23:805-823
[10]R.W.Clough.The finite element in plane stress analysis.Proc.ASCE.Conf..Electron Computat.pittsburg,PA,1960
[11]W.J.English and F.J.Young.An E.vector variational formulation of the Maxwell equations for cylindrical waveguide problems.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1971,19:40-46
[12]A.D.McAulay.variational finite-element solution for dissipative waveguides and transportation application.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1977,25:382-392
[13]Kiyoshi Ise,Kazuhiro Inoue,and Masanori Koshiba.Three-dimensional finite-element method with edge elements for electromagnetic waveguide discontinuities.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1991,39(8):1289-1295.
[14]Jin-Fa Lee and Raj Mittra.A note on the application of edge-element for modelling three-dimensional inhomogeneously-filled cavities.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1992,40(9):1767-1773
[15]A.Bossavit and I.Mayergoyz..Edge-elements for scattering problems.IEEE Trans.Magn.,1989,25:2816-2821
[16]Jian She Wang and Raj Mittra.Finite element analysis of MMIC structures and electronic packages using absorbing boundary conditions.IEEE Trans.Microwave Theory Tech.,1994,42(3):441-449
[17]Wen Daigang,Jiang Kesun.P-version adaptive computation of FEM.IEEE Trans Magn,1994.,30(5):3515-3518
[18]I.Eiabuska,M.Sun.The p and h-p versions of finite element method,an overview,Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineenng,1990,5-26
[19]A..Raizer,S.R.H.Haole,G.Meunier,J.L Coulomb.p- and h- type adaptive mesh generation.Journal Appl.Phys,1990,67(9):1-6.
[20]A.Bayliss,M.Gunzburger and E.Turkel.Boundary conditions for the numerical solution of elliptic equations in exterior regions.SIAM J.Appl.Math,1982,42:430-451
[21]平学伟.电磁场中的快速有限元分析.南京理工大学博士论文,2007
[22]廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安电子科技大学出版社,316-319
[23]R.S.CHEN,D.X.WANG and EDWARD K.N.YUNG..Analysis of ferrite waveguide devices by use of the edge FEM combined with the SOC technique,Int.J.Electronics,2002,89:(10),771-790
[24]Ru-Shan Chen,Member IEEE,and Edward Kai-Ning Yung,Senior Member IEEE.An Efficient Method to Analyze the H-Plane Waveguide Junction Circulator with a Ferrite Sphere,IEEE Transactions On Microwave Theory And Techniques,2001,49(5)
[25]Edward K.N.Yung,1 H.Y.Ding,1 R.S.Chen,1 and Z.M.Xie.Finite-difference analysis of H-plane waveguide Y-junction circulators,Microwave And Optical Technology Letters,1999,20(6):414-422
[26]胡淑欣.不规则形状铁氧体波导结环行器分析.东南大学硕士学位论文,2003
[27]Yang F,Wu H.C,Dou W.B.,Analysis of Millimeter Wave Microstrip Circulator,APMC2005 Proceedings
[28]Dou WenBin,Sun ZhongLiang.,8mm Band Microstrip Integrated Circulator[J],Journal of Microwaves(In Chinese),1996,12(1):109-115
[29]樊振宏.电磁散射分析中的快速算法.南京理工大学博士论文,2007
[30]盛新庆.计算电磁学要论.科学出版社,2004
[31]Y.Ji.Development and Applications of a Hybrid Finite-Element Method/ Method of-Moments(FEM/MOM) Tool to Model Electromagnetic Compatibility and Signal Integrity Problems.University of Missouri-Rolla,Ph.D dissertation,2000
[321 M.M.Botha and J.M.Jin..On the Variational Formulation of Hybrid Finite Element-Boundary Integral Techniques for Electromagnetic Analysis.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation,2004,(52):3037-3047
[33]Fu-Gang Hu,Chao-Fu Wang,and Yeow-Beng Gan..Efficient Calculation of Electromagnetic Scattering from Cavities Coated with Bianisotropic Media Using FE-BI Method with Higher-Order Tetrahedral Elements
[34]Filiberto Bilotti,Lucio Vegni and Alessandro Toscano.Rzdiation and Scattering Features of Patch Antennas With Bianisotropic Substrates.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Prooagation,2003,51(3):449-456
[35]Y.-L.Geng,Scattering of a plane wave by an anisotropic ferrite-coated conducting sphere.IET Microw.Antennas Propag,2008,2(2):158-162
[36]耿友林.矢量波函数在各向异性介质电磁散射中的应用.西安电子科技大学博士论文,2006
[37]Xiande Wang,Douglas H.Werner,Le-Wei Li,and Yeow-Beng Gan.,Interaction of Electromagnetic Waves With 3-D Arbitrarily Shaped Homogeneous Chiral Targets in the Presence of a Lossy Half Space,IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,2007,55(12):3647-3655
[38]D.X.Wang,E.K.N.Yung,Senior Member,IEEE,R.S.Chen,Member,IEEE,and P.Y.Lau.An Efficient Volume Integral Equation Solution to EM Scattering by Complex Bodies With Inhomogeneous Bi-Isotropy.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,2007,55(7):1970-1980
[39]Y.Zhang,X.Wei,and E.Li.,Electromagnetic Scattering from three-dimensional Bianisotropic Objects Using Hybrid Finite Element-Boundary Integral Method,J.of Electromagn.Waves and Appl.,2004,18(11):1549-1563
[40]万继响.多层微带结构的Mom及其快速算法研究.西安电子科技大学博士论文
[41]Xu Liming,Nie Zaiping,Hu Jun.Electromagnetic Modeling of 3D PEC Objects in a Half-space Environment,111-113
[42]Lars S.Andersen,John L.Volakis.Hierarchical Tangential Vector Finite Elements for Tetrahedra.IEEE Microwave And Guided Wave Letters,1998,8(3):127-129
[43]Julian P.Swartz and David Bruce Davidson.Curvilinear Vector Finite Elements Using a Set of Hierarchical Basis Functions.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,2007,55(2):440-446
[44]王晨.曲面基函数结合快速多极子方法准确高效分析散射问题.南京理工大学硕士论文,2006
[45]黄兴中,吕善伟.有等离子体层的导体圆柱空间散射特性的分析,北京航空航天大学学报,1998,24(3):260-262
[46]孙爱萍,李丽琼,邱孝明,董玉英.电磁波与非磁化等离子体的相互作用.核聚变与等离子体物理,2002,22(3):135-138
[47]吴琼.等离子体覆盖目标的电磁散射特性研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2006
[48]石建.导体与涂层目标电磁散射热型研究.西安电子科技大学硕士论文,2001
[49]Dieter Klement.Jurgen Preissner,and Volk Stein.Special Problems in Applying the Physical Optics Method for Backscatter Computations of Complicated Objects.IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation,1988,36(2):228-237