硬岩巷道中深孔光面爆破技术研究和应用
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摘要
本文通过采用理论分析——实验室模拟试验——现场工业试验相结合的研究手段,对坚硬岩石巷道中深孔掘进光面爆破技术进行研究。
首先运用炸药爆轰理论和岩石中爆炸应力波理论,分析硬岩爆破破坏的力学特性和坚硬岩巷掏槽爆破和光面爆破的原理等。较为全面地对包括炮眼深度、工作面炮眼数目、掏槽形式和掏槽爆破参数、崩落爆破参数、光面爆破参数(炮眼间距、炮眼密集系数以及光爆层厚度等)、装药结构、起爆顺序和延迟时间等进行研究,从理论上提出了硬岩巷道中深孔光面爆破参数确定方法。
通过小药量下的水泥砂浆试块进行光面爆破参数实验室模型试验,进一步研究崩落爆破最小抵抗线、崩落爆破和光面爆破炮眼密集系数等爆破参数。
在理论分析和模型试验的基础上,结合淮北矿业集团岱河煤矿二水平乘人车场岩巷掘进的现场实践中,确定具体中深孔光面爆破方案和爆破参数,进行现场工业试验。取得了良好的爆破效果,爆破效率达到90%以上、巷道成型质量好、掘进速度快、施工安全性高。
运用多种因素的综合作用的模糊数学综合评价方法,系统地对爆破效果进行综合评价分析,使评价效果更加符合实际情况。
依据坚硬岩石巷道中深孔光面爆破参数的理论研究结果,本文的研究成果可为坚硬岩石巷道中深孔掘进光面爆破施工提供有益的参考。
This article study the middle deep hole smooth blasting destruction of tunneling in hard crag by theoretical analysis -simulation in laboratory--commercial testing in status quo.
Fist, analyzing mechanical features of the blasting explosive detonation and principle of cutting blasting and smooth blasting adopting theory of explosive detonation and explosive stress wave in rock. The depth of borehole, the number of borehole in workshop, form of undermining and factors of cutting blasting, factors of breaking blasting, factors of smooth blasting(including distance between borehole, density of borehole and thickness of smooth blasting layer),construction of charge, subsequence of detonation and time of delay have been thoroughly discussed. And putting forward theoretical methods for determining of factors of the middle deep hole smooth blasting in crag.
Further studies on blasting factors, including smallest resistance wire of breaking blasting, density of borehole of breaking blasting and smooth blasting has been carried out though experimental explosion on coupons consist of sand-cement grout with small quantity of explosion.
Commercial test has been proceeded in status quo with the blasting factors and scheme for middle hole smooth blasting that have been defined based on theoretical analysis and laboratory simulation and actual situation of tunneling in lane construction of two levels cart yard for riding the humanin Daihe coal mine in Huaibei mining industry group. Good results has been got. The percentage of blasting reached 90% and upward, the formation of the lane is well, the speed of tunneling is faster than ever, the safety of execution is promoted the evaluation is more suitable to the practice in status quo .based on fuzzy mathematics that can synthetically and systematically consider multi-ingredients.
According to the theoretical results of factors of the middle deep hole smooth blasting in hard crag ,the achievements of this thesis can be a good reference for execution of the middle deep hole smooth blasting in hard crag.
首先运用炸药爆轰理论和岩石中爆炸应力波理论,分析硬岩爆破破坏的力学特性和坚硬岩巷掏槽爆破和光面爆破的原理等。较为全面地对包括炮眼深度、工作面炮眼数目、掏槽形式和掏槽爆破参数、崩落爆破参数、光面爆破参数(炮眼间距、炮眼密集系数以及光爆层厚度等)、装药结构、起爆顺序和延迟时间等进行研究,从理论上提出了硬岩巷道中深孔光面爆破参数确定方法。
通过小药量下的水泥砂浆试块进行光面爆破参数实验室模型试验,进一步研究崩落爆破最小抵抗线、崩落爆破和光面爆破炮眼密集系数等爆破参数。
在理论分析和模型试验的基础上,结合淮北矿业集团岱河煤矿二水平乘人车场岩巷掘进的现场实践中,确定具体中深孔光面爆破方案和爆破参数,进行现场工业试验。取得了良好的爆破效果,爆破效率达到90%以上、巷道成型质量好、掘进速度快、施工安全性高。
运用多种因素的综合作用的模糊数学综合评价方法,系统地对爆破效果进行综合评价分析,使评价效果更加符合实际情况。
依据坚硬岩石巷道中深孔光面爆破参数的理论研究结果,本文的研究成果可为坚硬岩石巷道中深孔掘进光面爆破施工提供有益的参考。
This article study the middle deep hole smooth blasting destruction of tunneling in hard crag by theoretical analysis -simulation in laboratory--commercial testing in status quo.
Fist, analyzing mechanical features of the blasting explosive detonation and principle of cutting blasting and smooth blasting adopting theory of explosive detonation and explosive stress wave in rock. The depth of borehole, the number of borehole in workshop, form of undermining and factors of cutting blasting, factors of breaking blasting, factors of smooth blasting(including distance between borehole, density of borehole and thickness of smooth blasting layer),construction of charge, subsequence of detonation and time of delay have been thoroughly discussed. And putting forward theoretical methods for determining of factors of the middle deep hole smooth blasting in crag.
Further studies on blasting factors, including smallest resistance wire of breaking blasting, density of borehole of breaking blasting and smooth blasting has been carried out though experimental explosion on coupons consist of sand-cement grout with small quantity of explosion.
Commercial test has been proceeded in status quo with the blasting factors and scheme for middle hole smooth blasting that have been defined based on theoretical analysis and laboratory simulation and actual situation of tunneling in lane construction of two levels cart yard for riding the humanin Daihe coal mine in Huaibei mining industry group. Good results has been got. The percentage of blasting reached 90% and upward, the formation of the lane is well, the speed of tunneling is faster than ever, the safety of execution is promoted the evaluation is more suitable to the practice in status quo .based on fuzzy mathematics that can synthetically and systematically consider multi-ingredients.
According to the theoretical results of factors of the middle deep hole smooth blasting in hard crag ,the achievements of this thesis can be a good reference for execution of the middle deep hole smooth blasting in hard crag.
引文
[1]谷守生、孙磊等.硬岩巷道中深孔爆破的实践与认识.煤矿现代化,2004,(6)
[2]陶干强,乔登攀等.提高坚硬岩石巷道掘进进尺的试验研究.有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(5)
[3]陆爱诊,辛金生等.坚硬岩石巷道掘进爆破技术方案设计与试验.黄金科学技术,2001,9(5)
[4]FU Guo-bin,JING Hong-wen.Stability analysis of surrounding rock of a deep roadway and its supporting practice[A].Proceedings of the International Congresson Rock Mechanics[C].Tokyo:[s.n.].1995:559-661
[5]朱永民,郭景秋,郭爱清.提高硬岩巷道爆破效率的研究与实践.煤矿开采,2002,7(5)
[6]张长军.座底掏槽眼在坚硬岩石巷道施工中的应用.矿业快报,2004,(1)
[7]韦海超.大峡水电站水耦合漂石光面切割爆破.长春工程学院学报,2002(2):44-45;
[8]宗琦,刘盛贤.立井深孔光爆水不耦合装药和水柱装药.煤炭科学技术,1996,24(7)
[9]宗琦.水垫层光爆装药结构的研究与应用.东北煤炭技术,1995,12(6)
[10]李冀祺,马素贞。爆炸力学[M]。北京:科学出版社,1992:318
[11]Grine D R.Shock wave and the mechanical Properties of solids[R].Menlo Park,Califonia:Stanford Research Institute,1971
[12]楼世礼.难爆岩石钻眼实践.有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(4)
[13]杨年华,张志毅等.硬岩隧道快速掘进的钻爆技术[J].工程爆破,2003,9(1)
[14]王厚良,钱玉红,马均志.大断面巷道快速施工[J].建井技术,2002,23(5)
[15]刘洪震.大源隧道硬岩掘进爆破技术浅谈[J].隧道建设,2004,24(1)
[16]宋长茂.提高隧道钻眼爆破效率的措施探讨[J].铁路建筑,2001.(1)
[17]宗琦,郝飞.提高岩巷掘进爆破速度和质量的若干技术问题.[J].中国煤炭,2004,30(10)
[18]宗琦,张国勇.岩巷掘进中深孔爆破中的掏槽和光爆问题.[J].淮南矿业学院学报,2001,21(2)
[19]杨军,黄风雷.深空爆破空隙装药损伤演化过程的数值模拟[J].爆破,1997,14(2):1-6
[20]江彦忠.爆破技术基础[M]中国铁道出版社,1999.
[21]Meyers M A.Dynamic Behavior of Materials[M].New York::John Wiley & Sons,1994:152-178 材料动态的性质[]
[22]Bangash M Y H.Impact and Explosion Structural Analysis and Design[M].Great Britain:Blackwell Scientific Publication,1993:496-533
[23]徐颖,宗琦.地下工程爆破理论与应用[M]徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001
[24]U.兰格福斯《岩石爆破现代技术》翻译组译。岩石爆破现代技术[M],1983
[25]高尔新,杨仁树.爆破工程[M]徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.7
[26]荣际凯.平巷3-4米光面爆破工艺参数研究.光面爆破资料汇编[M]北京:煤炭工业出版社,1982
[27]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M]北京:煤炭工业出版社.1989
[28]王建周.岩巷高效快速施工工艺技术研究[D].东北大学硕士学位论文 20030701,41-50
[29]陶干强.乔登攀等.提高坚硬岩石巷道掘进进尺的试验研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(5)
[30]王从平.关于巷道掘进爆破中的一些技术问题[J].煤矿爆破,2001(2)
[31]沙文健.倪世顺.阶段掏槽爆破在平巷掘进中的应用[J].爆破,1991,8(1)
[32]宗琦.深孔分段直眼掏槽试验研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分).2000(3)
[33]章兵,潘天林,宋义敏等.坚硬岩石巷道掘进合理掏槽型式的探讨[J].煤矿开采,2000,(4)
[34]袁明清.坚硬岩石中井巷掘进的斜眼与直眼掏槽[J].矿业研究与开发,1999,19(5)
[35]王建周,刘克华.中深孔爆破在岩巷掘进中的应用[J].山东煤炭科技,2000(增刊)
[36]陆鹏举,张诗坤等.硬岩巷道掘进爆破技术的研究与应用 矿山建设工程新进展(2006全国矿山建设学术会议论文集),徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006,7
[37]张志呈.爆破基础理论与设计施工技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1994
[38]宗琦,刘积铭.合理延迟时间理论和试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(1)
[39]罗云滚.光面爆破效果的综合评价及参数优化[J].矿业科学技术2004 第一期
[40]秦虎,汪旭光.爆破效果的综合评价模糊数学模型[J].工程爆破,1997,9(3)
[41]韩立岩、汪培庄.应用模糊数学[M].首都经济贸易大学出版社,1998年1月
[42]矿山井巷工程预算定额[M]煤炭工业出版社发行,1982年4月 第一次印刷
[43]周科平.爆破效果的模糊综合评判[J].湖南有色金属 1997,13(2),11-13
[44]孔祥义.岩巷快速掘进爆破技术研究[D].东北大学硕士学位论文 20030701
[2]陶干强,乔登攀等.提高坚硬岩石巷道掘进进尺的试验研究.有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(5)
[3]陆爱诊,辛金生等.坚硬岩石巷道掘进爆破技术方案设计与试验.黄金科学技术,2001,9(5)
[4]FU Guo-bin,JING Hong-wen.Stability analysis of surrounding rock of a deep roadway and its supporting practice[A].Proceedings of the International Congresson Rock Mechanics[C].Tokyo:[s.n.].1995:559-661
[5]朱永民,郭景秋,郭爱清.提高硬岩巷道爆破效率的研究与实践.煤矿开采,2002,7(5)
[6]张长军.座底掏槽眼在坚硬岩石巷道施工中的应用.矿业快报,2004,(1)
[7]韦海超.大峡水电站水耦合漂石光面切割爆破.长春工程学院学报,2002(2):44-45;
[8]宗琦,刘盛贤.立井深孔光爆水不耦合装药和水柱装药.煤炭科学技术,1996,24(7)
[9]宗琦.水垫层光爆装药结构的研究与应用.东北煤炭技术,1995,12(6)
[10]李冀祺,马素贞。爆炸力学[M]。北京:科学出版社,1992:318
[11]Grine D R.Shock wave and the mechanical Properties of solids[R].Menlo Park,Califonia:Stanford Research Institute,1971
[12]楼世礼.难爆岩石钻眼实践.有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(4)
[13]杨年华,张志毅等.硬岩隧道快速掘进的钻爆技术[J].工程爆破,2003,9(1)
[14]王厚良,钱玉红,马均志.大断面巷道快速施工[J].建井技术,2002,23(5)
[15]刘洪震.大源隧道硬岩掘进爆破技术浅谈[J].隧道建设,2004,24(1)
[16]宋长茂.提高隧道钻眼爆破效率的措施探讨[J].铁路建筑,2001.(1)
[17]宗琦,郝飞.提高岩巷掘进爆破速度和质量的若干技术问题.[J].中国煤炭,2004,30(10)
[18]宗琦,张国勇.岩巷掘进中深孔爆破中的掏槽和光爆问题.[J].淮南矿业学院学报,2001,21(2)
[19]杨军,黄风雷.深空爆破空隙装药损伤演化过程的数值模拟[J].爆破,1997,14(2):1-6
[20]江彦忠.爆破技术基础[M]中国铁道出版社,1999.
[21]Meyers M A.Dynamic Behavior of Materials[M].New York::John Wiley & Sons,1994:152-178 材料动态的性质[]
[22]Bangash M Y H.Impact and Explosion Structural Analysis and Design[M].Great Britain:Blackwell Scientific Publication,1993:496-533
[23]徐颖,宗琦.地下工程爆破理论与应用[M]徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2001
[24]U.兰格福斯《岩石爆破现代技术》翻译组译。岩石爆破现代技术[M],1983
[25]高尔新,杨仁树.爆破工程[M]徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1999.7
[26]荣际凯.平巷3-4米光面爆破工艺参数研究.光面爆破资料汇编[M]北京:煤炭工业出版社,1982
[27]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M]北京:煤炭工业出版社.1989
[28]王建周.岩巷高效快速施工工艺技术研究[D].东北大学硕士学位论文 20030701,41-50
[29]陶干强.乔登攀等.提高坚硬岩石巷道掘进进尺的试验研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(5)
[30]王从平.关于巷道掘进爆破中的一些技术问题[J].煤矿爆破,2001(2)
[31]沙文健.倪世顺.阶段掏槽爆破在平巷掘进中的应用[J].爆破,1991,8(1)
[32]宗琦.深孔分段直眼掏槽试验研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分).2000(3)
[33]章兵,潘天林,宋义敏等.坚硬岩石巷道掘进合理掏槽型式的探讨[J].煤矿开采,2000,(4)
[34]袁明清.坚硬岩石中井巷掘进的斜眼与直眼掏槽[J].矿业研究与开发,1999,19(5)
[35]王建周,刘克华.中深孔爆破在岩巷掘进中的应用[J].山东煤炭科技,2000(增刊)
[36]陆鹏举,张诗坤等.硬岩巷道掘进爆破技术的研究与应用 矿山建设工程新进展(2006全国矿山建设学术会议论文集),徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2006,7
[37]张志呈.爆破基础理论与设计施工技术[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社,1994
[38]宗琦,刘积铭.合理延迟时间理论和试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(1)
[39]罗云滚.光面爆破效果的综合评价及参数优化[J].矿业科学技术2004 第一期
[40]秦虎,汪旭光.爆破效果的综合评价模糊数学模型[J].工程爆破,1997,9(3)
[41]韩立岩、汪培庄.应用模糊数学[M].首都经济贸易大学出版社,1998年1月
[42]矿山井巷工程预算定额[M]煤炭工业出版社发行,1982年4月 第一次印刷
[43]周科平.爆破效果的模糊综合评判[J].湖南有色金属 1997,13(2),11-13
[44]孔祥义.岩巷快速掘进爆破技术研究[D].东北大学硕士学位论文 20030701