机载锚杆钻机伸缩梁力学分析及施工工艺研究
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摘要
国内煤巷掘进普遍采用悬臂式掘进机与单体锚杆钻机配套即综合机械化的掘进方式。这种掘进方式,掘进机割煤与巷道支护之间相互分离,巷道支护占用时间长就必然影响掘进机开机率,影响巷道掘进速度,为能充分发挥掘进机功效,实现煤巷高效掘进,研究与悬臂式掘进机一体化使用的机载锚杆钻机是十分迫切和必要的,这对于大幅度提高煤巷机械化掘进水平,实现掘锚一体化作业方式,有效缓解矿井采掘接续紧张的被动局面,推动国内煤炭工业快速发展具有重要的现实意义。
本文主要针对EBJ-120TP型悬臂式掘进机自身结构特点,并结合宁东梅花井矿地质条件,通过比较分析目前诸多机载锚杆钻机安装方案,最终探索出机载单臂液压锚杆钻机安装方式,该方式灵活可靠、适应性强,能满足各种巷道断面要求。同时,为保证机载锚杆钻机关键部位伸缩梁在煤矿井下能正常使用,采用力学计算和ANSYS有限元数值模拟的方法对该伸缩梁进行了理论研究。
研究表明,伸缩梁中部支撑位置弯矩最大,其值的大小与支撑点的位置有关。内梁长度与伸缩梁的强度成1次方相关,与刚度成3次方相关,应根据刚度条件确定合理的内梁长度,进而确定出伸缩梁下支撑点的合理位置。通过数值模拟也可以发现,伸缩梁中部支撑位置产生应力集中,该位置一般最先发生破坏,是伸缩梁的关键部位。另外,由于内梁和外梁相连接部位的正应力值最小,因此伸缩梁的下支撑点应设在内梁和外梁相连接处,这样能最大限度地发挥伸缩梁的承载作用。
最后,对煤巷快速掘进过程中的主要影响因素,锚杆支护施工工艺进行了研究,以提高机载单臂锚杆钻机支护速度,从而达到快速掘进的目的。
It is normally in china to use cantilever type roadheader and monoblock rock bolt drilling machine to drive roadways in coal seam, which is also called fully mechanized driving method. With this driving method, the coal cutting of the driving machine and the supporting of the roadway are separated, the supporting of the roadway occupys a long time that the operating rate of the driving machine and the driving velocity is influenced. In order to fully develop the function of the driving machine and realize high efficient driving of coal roadway, it is essential to study the airborne roofbolter with the coorperation of cantilever type roadheader. It has significance on improving the coal roadway mechanical driving level, realizing the the intergration of driving and bolting and mitigrating the passive situation of tensioned mining and driving subsequence.
In this paper, based on the structure characteristics of EBJ-120TP type cantilever type roadheader, and combining with the geological condition of Meihuajing Coal Mine in Ningdong coal field, with the comparative analysis of several installation solutions of airborne roofbolter, the airborne single arm hydraulic roofbolter installation method is determined finally. This method is flexible and reliable with high adaptability, which can satisfy the requirement of all kinds of roadway profile. Meanwhile, in order to make sure that the extendible beam of airborne roofbolter can be used normally in the coal mine, the mechanical calculation and ANSYS finite element numerical simulation methods are applied to study the extendible beam theoretically.
The study shows that, the maximum bending moment is located in the middle part of the extendible beam, and its value has relation with the support point. The lenghth of the inner beam has first power relation with the strength of the extendible beam, and third power relation with stiffness. So, the lenghth of the inner beam should be determined with the considerasion of the stiffness condition, and then determine the suitable position of the support point of the extendible beam. The numerical simulation results show that, the middle support position of the extendible beam will generate stress concentrate, it will break at this point firtly, and it is the key part of the extendible beam. What's more, the stress at the connection part of the inner and outer beam is smallest, so the support point of the extendible beam should be at the this area, which can fully develop the load-bearing role furtherestly.
Finally, the main influence factors in the process of quick driving of coal roadway and the rock bolt support construction technology are studied, which can promote the support velocity of the of airborne single arm roofbolter, and realize the aim of quick driving.
本文主要针对EBJ-120TP型悬臂式掘进机自身结构特点,并结合宁东梅花井矿地质条件,通过比较分析目前诸多机载锚杆钻机安装方案,最终探索出机载单臂液压锚杆钻机安装方式,该方式灵活可靠、适应性强,能满足各种巷道断面要求。同时,为保证机载锚杆钻机关键部位伸缩梁在煤矿井下能正常使用,采用力学计算和ANSYS有限元数值模拟的方法对该伸缩梁进行了理论研究。
研究表明,伸缩梁中部支撑位置弯矩最大,其值的大小与支撑点的位置有关。内梁长度与伸缩梁的强度成1次方相关,与刚度成3次方相关,应根据刚度条件确定合理的内梁长度,进而确定出伸缩梁下支撑点的合理位置。通过数值模拟也可以发现,伸缩梁中部支撑位置产生应力集中,该位置一般最先发生破坏,是伸缩梁的关键部位。另外,由于内梁和外梁相连接部位的正应力值最小,因此伸缩梁的下支撑点应设在内梁和外梁相连接处,这样能最大限度地发挥伸缩梁的承载作用。
最后,对煤巷快速掘进过程中的主要影响因素,锚杆支护施工工艺进行了研究,以提高机载单臂锚杆钻机支护速度,从而达到快速掘进的目的。
It is normally in china to use cantilever type roadheader and monoblock rock bolt drilling machine to drive roadways in coal seam, which is also called fully mechanized driving method. With this driving method, the coal cutting of the driving machine and the supporting of the roadway are separated, the supporting of the roadway occupys a long time that the operating rate of the driving machine and the driving velocity is influenced. In order to fully develop the function of the driving machine and realize high efficient driving of coal roadway, it is essential to study the airborne roofbolter with the coorperation of cantilever type roadheader. It has significance on improving the coal roadway mechanical driving level, realizing the the intergration of driving and bolting and mitigrating the passive situation of tensioned mining and driving subsequence.
In this paper, based on the structure characteristics of EBJ-120TP type cantilever type roadheader, and combining with the geological condition of Meihuajing Coal Mine in Ningdong coal field, with the comparative analysis of several installation solutions of airborne roofbolter, the airborne single arm hydraulic roofbolter installation method is determined finally. This method is flexible and reliable with high adaptability, which can satisfy the requirement of all kinds of roadway profile. Meanwhile, in order to make sure that the extendible beam of airborne roofbolter can be used normally in the coal mine, the mechanical calculation and ANSYS finite element numerical simulation methods are applied to study the extendible beam theoretically.
The study shows that, the maximum bending moment is located in the middle part of the extendible beam, and its value has relation with the support point. The lenghth of the inner beam has first power relation with the strength of the extendible beam, and third power relation with stiffness. So, the lenghth of the inner beam should be determined with the considerasion of the stiffness condition, and then determine the suitable position of the support point of the extendible beam. The numerical simulation results show that, the middle support position of the extendible beam will generate stress concentrate, it will break at this point firtly, and it is the key part of the extendible beam. What's more, the stress at the connection part of the inner and outer beam is smallest, so the support point of the extendible beam should be at the this area, which can fully develop the load-bearing role furtherestly.
Finally, the main influence factors in the process of quick driving of coal roadway and the rock bolt support construction technology are studied, which can promote the support velocity of the of airborne single arm roofbolter, and realize the aim of quick driving.
引文
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[6]陶永芹.浅谈悬臂式掘进机发展趋势.矿山机械,2005,33(11):13-14
[7]陶永芹.我国综掘技术及其发展研究.煤矿机械,2005(7):1-2
[8]邢印成,王凤林,郭滨.掘进机的发展.煤炭技术,2005,24(5)
[9]司志群,田军先,岳官禧.掘锚一体化实现煤巷快速掘进的几点思考.煤矿开采,2006,11(4):22-24
[10]徐锁庚.国内外掘锚机组的现状及发展趋势.煤矿机械,2006(10):3-5
[11]李跃宇,吴志海.我国煤矿掘进装备技术发展的思路.煤炭科学技术,2000,28(9):46-47
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[13]Frank Harris,Ground Engineering Equipment and Methods,Mc GRAW-HILL Book Company Limited,NEW YORK 1983
[14]李辉,鲁首于.综掘自移式锚杆打眼安装机组的研制.COAL煤,1997(5):49-51
[15]徐锁庚,刘斌坤,汪天祥等.JMZ型机载锚杆钻机研制及其应用.建井技术,1999,20(4):35-37
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[19]徐锁庚.综掘工作面机载式锚杆钻装机的设计研究.煤矿机械,2007(9):5-7
[20]崔洪明,侯树宏.对宁东悬臂式掘进机作业线快速支护技术的思考.西北煤炭,2008,6(1):3-6
[21]程居山主编.矿山机械.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1997
[22]何庆复主编.机械工程材料及选用.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001
[23]A.S.Tanaino.Rock classification by drillability.Part Ⅰ:analysis of the available classifications.Journal of Mining Science,2005,41(6):231-237
[24]陆明炯主编.实用机械工程材料手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2004
[25]范钦珊,蔡新主编.材料力学.北京:清华大学出版社,2006
[26]李廉锟主编.结构力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2005
[27]哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室编.理论力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2003
[28]王文斌主编.机械技术手册新版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[29]Raze J D,Reliability Prediction Models for Mechanical Equipment,ADA 169,1986
[30]W.杨,R.布迪纳斯.罗氏应力应变公式手册.北京:科学出版社,2005
[31]刘鸿文主编.材料力学第4版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004
[32]徐鹤山.ANSYS在建筑工程中的应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2005
[33]Automatic adaptive refinement finite element procedure for 3D stress analysis,Finite Elements in Analysis and Design,Mar,1997
[34]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波等.ANSYS11.0基础与典型范例.北京:电子工业出版社,2007
[35]Xue Yadong,Zhang Shiping,Kang Tianhe.Numerical Analysis on Dynamic Response of Rock Bolts in Mining Roadways.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1903-1906
[36]洪庆章,刘清吉,郭嘉源.ANSYS教学范例.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002
[37]龚曙光主编.ANSYS工程应用实例解析.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[38]赵峰.大倾角综放工作面平巷综掘关键工艺技术研究:[学位论文].西安:西安科技大学,2008
[39]Williams P,The Development of Rock Bolting in UK Coal Mining.Mining Engineer,94(5)
[40]Y.Cai,Y.J.Jiang,T.Esaki.A study of rock bolting design in soft rock.International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,Vol.41,Supplement 1:545-550
[41]张洪涛.煤巷锚杆支护的施工工艺.煤炭技术,2006,25(4):74-76
[42]中国矿业学院等编.井巷工程.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1980
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