富水软弱围岩特长隧道快速施工技术研究
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摘要
针对雁门关隧道复杂地质条件以及工期要求紧的实际情况,采用地层-结构模式,应用同济曙光软件就不同开挖方法对隧道围岩稳定性的影响进行了模拟分析。通过拱顶下沉、周边收敛以及塑性区的范围来评价围岩的稳定性,验证了雁门关隧道快速施工的可行性,所得结果可为后续工程提供一定的参考。
对于地质条件比较差的围岩而言,由于其自稳能力非常差,故开挖过程会对周围岩体产生不利影响,为了保证隧道围岩的稳定性,开挖前需要对洞室周边围岩进行加固。通过技术、经济的综合比较,根据不同的围岩雁门关隧道分别采用大管棚、小导管和系统锚杆支护对围岩进行了加固,效果良好。采用“穿行式液压大模板整体式衬砌台车、泵送混凝土施工,分节间隔跳仓灌注”的快速衬砌施工技术,提高了工效,确保了混凝土的灌注质量,为工程创优打下了坚实的基础。
对三维非接触围岩净空位移量测技术进行了详细的分析研究,并在雁门关隧道位移量测中应用,结果证明全站仪系统精度高,能够满足隧道量测要求。
通过建立隧道围岩理论模型以及对施工过程进行数值模拟,揭示施工工况对围岩稳定性的影响,对施工作业和工序安排、确保工程质量有指导作用。
Based on the characteristics of geological condition and construction period of Yanmenguan tunnel, this paper analyzes the influence rules of tunnel construction on surrounding rock stability using finite element program—Tongjishuguang by individual body model. The stability of surrounding rock can be valued by vault settlement, horizontal displacement and range of plastic zone, the results not only can provide the feasibility of quick construction in Yanmenguan tunnel, but also can act as theoretic basis and reference for the design and construction of similar projects later.
The bad stability or non-stability of worse geological condition rock will bring disadvantage to rock around tunnel. Reinforcing measures to rock must be taken in order to make construction gauge of tunnel reach the applying requirement during construction. According to analyze different operating plans by technology and economy, large pipes, small ducts and systematic bolts are used to reinforced soft ground in Yanmenguan tunnel, which is high praised by engineers. The technologies of telescopic hydraulic form work and pumped concrete construction and interval grouting are used during quick lining construction, which can improve the efficiency and can ensure the quality of grouting concrete.
The technology of 3 dimensional non-contact displacement measuring is analyzed and studied in detail, and put into use in Yanmenguan tunnel. A lot of significant results are gained, which can provide that the precision of total station instrument is very high and can satisfied with the requirement of displacement measuring.
The establishment of the theoretic model of surrounding rock and the numerical simulation of construction can discover the rules of the surrounding rock stability and concrete values, which can provide a guidance to the construction work and arrangement and the ensurence of the project quality.
对于地质条件比较差的围岩而言,由于其自稳能力非常差,故开挖过程会对周围岩体产生不利影响,为了保证隧道围岩的稳定性,开挖前需要对洞室周边围岩进行加固。通过技术、经济的综合比较,根据不同的围岩雁门关隧道分别采用大管棚、小导管和系统锚杆支护对围岩进行了加固,效果良好。采用“穿行式液压大模板整体式衬砌台车、泵送混凝土施工,分节间隔跳仓灌注”的快速衬砌施工技术,提高了工效,确保了混凝土的灌注质量,为工程创优打下了坚实的基础。
对三维非接触围岩净空位移量测技术进行了详细的分析研究,并在雁门关隧道位移量测中应用,结果证明全站仪系统精度高,能够满足隧道量测要求。
通过建立隧道围岩理论模型以及对施工过程进行数值模拟,揭示施工工况对围岩稳定性的影响,对施工作业和工序安排、确保工程质量有指导作用。
Based on the characteristics of geological condition and construction period of Yanmenguan tunnel, this paper analyzes the influence rules of tunnel construction on surrounding rock stability using finite element program—Tongjishuguang by individual body model. The stability of surrounding rock can be valued by vault settlement, horizontal displacement and range of plastic zone, the results not only can provide the feasibility of quick construction in Yanmenguan tunnel, but also can act as theoretic basis and reference for the design and construction of similar projects later.
The bad stability or non-stability of worse geological condition rock will bring disadvantage to rock around tunnel. Reinforcing measures to rock must be taken in order to make construction gauge of tunnel reach the applying requirement during construction. According to analyze different operating plans by technology and economy, large pipes, small ducts and systematic bolts are used to reinforced soft ground in Yanmenguan tunnel, which is high praised by engineers. The technologies of telescopic hydraulic form work and pumped concrete construction and interval grouting are used during quick lining construction, which can improve the efficiency and can ensure the quality of grouting concrete.
The technology of 3 dimensional non-contact displacement measuring is analyzed and studied in detail, and put into use in Yanmenguan tunnel. A lot of significant results are gained, which can provide that the precision of total station instrument is very high and can satisfied with the requirement of displacement measuring.
The establishment of the theoretic model of surrounding rock and the numerical simulation of construction can discover the rules of the surrounding rock stability and concrete values, which can provide a guidance to the construction work and arrangement and the ensurence of the project quality.
引文
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[3] 杨淑清.地下洞室围岩开挖稳定分析[J].武汉水利电力学院学报,1986:73~82
[4] 刘怀恒.岩石力学平面非线性有限元法及程序[J].地下工程,1979:23~25
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[9] 朱万成.南芬铁矿 1 号驱动站大洞室开挖与支护稳定性的数值模拟研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,1998
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[13] 周爱国.隧道工程现场施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[14] 黄成光.公路隧道施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[15] 王毅才.隧道工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[16] 陈豪雄,殷杰.隧道工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[17] 关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[18] 李宁军,曹文贵,刘生.隧道设计与施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[19] 孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1988
[20] 关宝树,麦倜曾.隧道力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[21] 朱合华,丁文其.地下结构施工过程的动态仿真模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999
[22] 刑念信,李世煇,徐复安.某工程软弱围岩变形量测及变形特性[J].地下工程,1983
[23] 蒋树屏等.大梅沙隧道施工力学响应及施工方法的研究[R].科学技术报告,2001.6
[24] 李开.雁门关隧道钻爆法快速施工技术探讨[J].山西交通科技,2002,(6):37～41
[25] 冀英.富水段电缆隧道真空深井降水施工技术[J].西部探矿工程,2005,17(7):98~100
[26] 张学军,马小汀.富水覆盖层中沉井施工[J].隧道建设,2004,24(6):35~38
[27] 苏在林.雁门关隧道设计及施工技术要点综述[J].铁道建筑技术,2003,(5):40~43
[28] 任晓琴,穆建廷.雁门关隧道进口施工环境综合治理技术[J].山西建筑,2004,1(30):115~117
[29] 郑颖人,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学引论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[30]黄义主.弹性力学基础及其有限单元法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[31] Z.T.Bieniawski , analystical Modeling as a Geomechanics Aid for Mines Design ApplicationIn the USA. 7th Plenary Scientific Session, INT. Bureau of Rock Mechanics, 1981
[32] Naylor D J, Pande G N, Finite Elementsin Geotechnical Engineering[M]. Pineridge Press, 1981
[33] Zhu Weishen,Wu Bailin and Lin Shisheng,Optimum Non-Liner Analysis on Reasonable Excavating Order and Anchoring Treatment of Large Sized Rock Chambers,Int. Symp.On Large Rock Caverns,Helsinki,1986
[34] He Chuan, Guan Baoshu, Yang Yan. The expert system for selecting construction method about NATM, In:Tunnel and Underground Works Today and Future, Pro. Of the International Congress, Chengdu: International Academic Publishers, 1990:49~54
[35] 王建宇.地下工程喷锚支护原理和设计[M.北京:中国铁道出版社,1980
[36] 李术才,王渭明,王拉才.非线性时序分析模型在地下工程位移预报中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):15~20
[37] 梁昆淼.数学物理方法[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979
[38] 高应才.数学物理方程及其数值解法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986
[39] 周以恪,张绍麟.建筑材料[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1989
[40] 高效伟,何祖光,郑颖人.地下洞室的现场量测与适时支护[J].煤炭学报,1991,16(4):33~39
[41] Mchattie Robert L. & David C. Esch. Benefits of a peat underlay used in roads construction on Permafrost[A]. Permafrost: 4th Int. Conf. Proc[C]. Washington ·D ·C: National Academy press, 1983.826～831
[42] He changgeng. Building foundations on Permafrost[A]. Permafrost: 4th Int. Conf. Proc[C]. Washington ·D ·C: National Academy press, 1983,474～479
[43] Lobacz E F, Quinn W F. Thermal regime beneath building constructed on Permafrost[A]. Proc 1st Int. Conf. Permafrost[C], Lafayette. Nat. Acad. Sciences Washington, 1966.247～252
[44] 刘怀恒.节理岩体有限元模型[J]. 地下工程,1980,(11):1~10
[45] 潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[46] 孙钧.地下工程设计理论与实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996
[47] 杨林德.岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1996
[48] Bonacina C, Comini G, Fasano A, et al. Numerical solution of phase-change problems[J]. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1973,16(6):1832～1852
[49] Rohsenow, W.M. and Hartnett, J.P.(Eds), Handbook of Heat Transfer[M]. New York: MCGraw-Hill Book Company,1973
[50] 交通部重庆公路科学研究所.公路隧道施工技术规范[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[51] 杨应同,林国兵.量测技术在浅埋富水断层带隧洞施工中的应用[J].甘肃水力水电技术,2003,39(3):247~248
[2] 蒋树屏.我国公路隧道建设技术的现状及展望[J].交通世界专题专访,2002
[3] 杨淑清.地下洞室围岩开挖稳定分析[J].武汉水利电力学院学报,1986:73~82
[4] 刘怀恒.岩石力学平面非线性有限元法及程序[J].地下工程,1979:23~25
[5] 姚宝魁,刘竹华,刘春元等.矿山地下开采稳定性研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1994
[6] Muller L, Fecker.新奥法的基本思想和主要原则[J].地下工程,1980,5:26~32
[7] 肖专文.岩体开挖与充填的三维数值模拟及优化研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,1997
[8] 朱维申、何满潮著.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1996
[9] 朱万成.南芬铁矿 1 号驱动站大洞室开挖与支护稳定性的数值模拟研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,1998
[10] Hohenbichler M, Rackwitz R, Senstivities and importance measures in structural reliability[J], Civil Eng. System, 1986, (3):203~209
[11] Hoffman O, Sachs G, Introduction to the Theory of Plasticity for Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1953, 80~88
[12] Grigore Burdea,Philippe Coiffet,Virtual reality technology,New York:John Wiley&sons,1994
[13] 周爱国.隧道工程现场施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[14] 黄成光.公路隧道施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[15] 王毅才.隧道工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2000
[16] 陈豪雄,殷杰.隧道工程[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[17] 关宝树.隧道工程施工要点集[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[18] 李宁军,曹文贵,刘生.隧道设计与施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004
[19] 孙钧,侯学渊.地下结构[M].北京:科学出版社,1988
[20] 关宝树,麦倜曾.隧道力学[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1983
[21] 朱合华,丁文其.地下结构施工过程的动态仿真模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999
[22] 刑念信,李世煇,徐复安.某工程软弱围岩变形量测及变形特性[J].地下工程,1983
[23] 蒋树屏等.大梅沙隧道施工力学响应及施工方法的研究[R].科学技术报告,2001.6
[24] 李开.雁门关隧道钻爆法快速施工技术探讨[J].山西交通科技,2002,(6):37～41
[25] 冀英.富水段电缆隧道真空深井降水施工技术[J].西部探矿工程,2005,17(7):98~100
[26] 张学军,马小汀.富水覆盖层中沉井施工[J].隧道建设,2004,24(6):35~38
[27] 苏在林.雁门关隧道设计及施工技术要点综述[J].铁道建筑技术,2003,(5):40~43
[28] 任晓琴,穆建廷.雁门关隧道进口施工环境综合治理技术[J].山西建筑,2004,1(30):115~117
[29] 郑颖人,龚晓南.岩土塑性力学引论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1989
[30]黄义主.弹性力学基础及其有限单元法[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1983
[31] Z.T.Bieniawski , analystical Modeling as a Geomechanics Aid for Mines Design ApplicationIn the USA. 7th Plenary Scientific Session, INT. Bureau of Rock Mechanics, 1981
[32] Naylor D J, Pande G N, Finite Elementsin Geotechnical Engineering[M]. Pineridge Press, 1981
[33] Zhu Weishen,Wu Bailin and Lin Shisheng,Optimum Non-Liner Analysis on Reasonable Excavating Order and Anchoring Treatment of Large Sized Rock Chambers,Int. Symp.On Large Rock Caverns,Helsinki,1986
[34] He Chuan, Guan Baoshu, Yang Yan. The expert system for selecting construction method about NATM, In:Tunnel and Underground Works Today and Future, Pro. Of the International Congress, Chengdu: International Academic Publishers, 1990:49~54
[35] 王建宇.地下工程喷锚支护原理和设计[M.北京:中国铁道出版社,1980
[36] 李术才,王渭明,王拉才.非线性时序分析模型在地下工程位移预报中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):15~20
[37] 梁昆淼.数学物理方法[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1979
[38] 高应才.数学物理方程及其数值解法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1986
[39] 周以恪,张绍麟.建筑材料[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1989
[40] 高效伟,何祖光,郑颖人.地下洞室的现场量测与适时支护[J].煤炭学报,1991,16(4):33~39
[41] Mchattie Robert L. & David C. Esch. Benefits of a peat underlay used in roads construction on Permafrost[A]. Permafrost: 4th Int. Conf. Proc[C]. Washington ·D ·C: National Academy press, 1983.826～831
[42] He changgeng. Building foundations on Permafrost[A]. Permafrost: 4th Int. Conf. Proc[C]. Washington ·D ·C: National Academy press, 1983,474～479
[43] Lobacz E F, Quinn W F. Thermal regime beneath building constructed on Permafrost[A]. Proc 1st Int. Conf. Permafrost[C], Lafayette. Nat. Acad. Sciences Washington, 1966.247～252
[44] 刘怀恒.节理岩体有限元模型[J]. 地下工程,1980,(11):1~10
[45] 潘昌实.隧道力学数值方法[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,1995
[46] 孙钧.地下工程设计理论与实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996
[47] 杨林德.岩土工程问题的反演理论与工程实践[M].北京:科学出版社,1996
[48] Bonacina C, Comini G, Fasano A, et al. Numerical solution of phase-change problems[J]. Int J Heat Mass Transfer, 1973,16(6):1832～1852
[49] Rohsenow, W.M. and Hartnett, J.P.(Eds), Handbook of Heat Transfer[M]. New York: MCGraw-Hill Book Company,1973
[50] 交通部重庆公路科学研究所.公路隧道施工技术规范[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1995
[51] 杨应同,林国兵.量测技术在浅埋富水断层带隧洞施工中的应用[J].甘肃水力水电技术,2003,39(3):247~248