卫生职业学校化学教育的实践与研究
摘要
职业学校的教育目标是培养在一线工作的高素质劳动者和中初级实用技术人才，职业学校的学生对文化课学习普遍存在起点偏低的情况。化学课程是卫生职业学校各类专业学生必修的主要文化基础课，化学学习对于提高学生思想政治素质和科学文化素质，对于学生学好医学知识，形成综合职业能力、创业能力、继续学习和发展，具有重要作用。卫生职业学校的化学教师，应根据学生特点、学科特点、职业特点因材施教。在长期的教学实践中，我深深地体会到要改变卫生职业学校学生的化学学习状况，应体现科学认识过程，教给学生科学方法；加强例题教学，培养学生综合能力；加强实验教学，培养学生实验能力；改革课堂教学方法，发挥学生的主体性；改革学生学习评价的内容和方法，促进学生的个性发展；教学中渗透绿色化学理念，重视化学教育的人文价值。实践证明，卫生职业学校化学教育的研究是必要的，也是可行的，卫生职业学校的化学教师树立科学的职业教育观念，以正确的心态对待学生，并采取行之有效的对策，卫生职业学校的学生的化学学习状况是能够得到改善。
The objective of vocational hygienic middle school education is to provide the society with laborers of high-quality and persons of practical abilities of primary and middle level. There exists a common phenomenon that most of the vocational hygienic middle school students are backward in cultural course learning. As Chemistry course is a main required course of general knowledge for vocational hygienic middle school students of all specialties, it is of great importance for them to study Chemistry in enhancing their mental and political quality as well as scientific and cultural quality, learning medical knowledge, developing integrative occupational and creative abilities and carrying on their further study and development. Chemistry teacher of vocational hygienic
middle school should teach the students in accordance of their aptitude on the basis of the special characteristics of the students, specialties and occupations. In my long-term teaching practice, I have keenly realized that in order to change the situation of Chemistry studying of vocational hygienic middle school students, Chemistry teachers should teach their students scientific methods by representing the process of acquainting science, cultivate their comprehensive abilities by enhancing example teaching, foster their experimental ability by intensifying experiment teaching, exert the subjectivity of the students by reforming the course-teaching method, promote the development of the personality of the students by innovating the content and the method of evaluation on the chemistry
learning of the students, and cherish the value of humanity by infiltrating the conception of green chemistry in the process of the teaching. It has been proved in practices that the research of chemistry education in vocational hygienic middle school is necessary and feasible as well. As long as the Chemistry teachers of vocational hygienic middle school build up the concept of scientific vocational education by adopting a correct attitude towards their students, and take effective countermeasures, the situation of Chemistry learning of vocational hygienic middle school students can be changed.
The objective of vocational hygienic middle school education is to provide the society with laborers of high-quality and persons of practical abilities of primary and middle level. There exists a common phenomenon that most of the vocational hygienic middle school students are backward in cultural course learning. As Chemistry course is a main required course of general knowledge for vocational hygienic middle school students of all specialties, it is of great importance for them to study Chemistry in enhancing their mental and political quality as well as scientific and cultural quality, learning medical knowledge, developing integrative occupational and creative abilities and carrying on their further study and development. Chemistry teacher of vocational hygienic
middle school should teach the students in accordance of their aptitude on the basis of the special characteristics of the students, specialties and occupations. In my long-term teaching practice, I have keenly realized that in order to change the situation of Chemistry studying of vocational hygienic middle school students, Chemistry teachers should teach their students scientific methods by representing the process of acquainting science, cultivate their comprehensive abilities by enhancing example teaching, foster their experimental ability by intensifying experiment teaching, exert the subjectivity of the students by reforming the course-teaching method, promote the development of the personality of the students by innovating the content and the method of evaluation on the chemistry
learning of the students, and cherish the value of humanity by infiltrating the conception of green chemistry in the process of the teaching. It has been proved in practices that the research of chemistry education in vocational hygienic middle school is necessary and feasible as well. As long as the Chemistry teachers of vocational hygienic middle school build up the concept of scientific vocational education by adopting a correct attitude towards their students, and take effective countermeasures, the situation of Chemistry learning of vocational hygienic middle school students can be changed.
引文
1．3 国务院．国务院关于大力推进职业教育改革与发展的决定
2 教育部．关于全面推进素质教育 深化中等职业教育教学改革的意见
4 卫生部，教育部．中国医学教育改革和发展纲要
5 教育部．中等医学教育结构调整的指导意见
6 http://www.gdhealth.net.cn
7 张锦楠主编．化学[M]．北京：人民卫生出版社，2001
8 贺湘善，吴俊明等著．化学学科教育学[M]．北京：首都师范大学出版社，2001，21
9 泉州卫校．1999—2002年普通中专招生录取花名册
10 上海市护校素质教育课题组．上海市8所卫护校学生学习现状调查[J]．卫生职业教育．2003，21(3)：131-132
11 王雄国．881名护理专业毕业生14项素质调查[J]．卫生职业教育．2001，19(11)：21
12 李澈．中等职业教育教材的几点思考．中国职业技术教育．2003．(30)，54-56
13 王敏勤．由能力本位向素质本位转变．教育研究．2002，(5)．
14 贺湘善，吴俊明等著．化学学科教育学[M]．北京：首都师范大学．2001，102
15 高剑南，王祖浩主编．化学教育展望[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2001．11，201-203
16 张大均．教育心理学[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1999
17 叶奕乾，何荐道，梁宁建主编．普通心理学[M]．上海：华东师范大学
出版社，1996
18 刘儒德．基于问题学习对教学改革的启示．教育研究，2002．(2)
19 张伟．浅谈合作教学的好处．中国职业技术教育．2003，3月上
20 卫生职业教育教学指导委员会．中等职业学校医药卫生类专业教学计划和教学大纲汇编．北京：人民卫生出版社，2001．
21 邵瑞珍主编，皮连生，吴庆麟副主编．教育心理学[M]．上海：上海教育出版社，1996
22 阳谷等主编．中学化学活动课程[M]．北京：北京工业大学出版社，1997
23 吕琳．用液封装置做有毒气体的投影实验(J)．化学教学，1995(5)
24 倪艳等．稳定性二氧化氯在家庭日常生活中的应用[J]．中国消毒学杂志，1997，12(2)：7
25 刘知新主编．化学教学论[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1990
26 陈沁．CGFNS考试对药物学命题的启示[J]．卫生职业教育，2002，20(9)23-24
27 田建国．立世德为首[N]．人民日报，2000，4，9．
28 邱鸿钟．医学，你姓什么?．[M]中国学者心中的科学·人文．昆明：云南教育出版社，2001，284—289
29 周梦醒．中学化学美的主要内容和基本特征[J]．化学教育，1998(5)，15
30 王洁贞，李颖琰，陈冠民主编．医学统计学[M]．郑州：郑州大学出版社，2002
2 教育部．关于全面推进素质教育 深化中等职业教育教学改革的意见
4 卫生部，教育部．中国医学教育改革和发展纲要
5 教育部．中等医学教育结构调整的指导意见
6 http://www.gdhealth.net.cn
7 张锦楠主编．化学[M]．北京：人民卫生出版社，2001
8 贺湘善，吴俊明等著．化学学科教育学[M]．北京：首都师范大学出版社，2001，21
9 泉州卫校．1999—2002年普通中专招生录取花名册
10 上海市护校素质教育课题组．上海市8所卫护校学生学习现状调查[J]．卫生职业教育．2003，21(3)：131-132
11 王雄国．881名护理专业毕业生14项素质调查[J]．卫生职业教育．2001，19(11)：21
12 李澈．中等职业教育教材的几点思考．中国职业技术教育．2003．(30)，54-56
13 王敏勤．由能力本位向素质本位转变．教育研究．2002，(5)．
14 贺湘善，吴俊明等著．化学学科教育学[M]．北京：首都师范大学．2001，102
15 高剑南，王祖浩主编．化学教育展望[M]．上海：华东师范大学出版社，2001．11，201-203
16 张大均．教育心理学[M]．北京：人民教育出版社，1999
17 叶奕乾，何荐道，梁宁建主编．普通心理学[M]．上海：华东师范大学
出版社，1996
18 刘儒德．基于问题学习对教学改革的启示．教育研究，2002．(2)
19 张伟．浅谈合作教学的好处．中国职业技术教育．2003，3月上
20 卫生职业教育教学指导委员会．中等职业学校医药卫生类专业教学计划和教学大纲汇编．北京：人民卫生出版社，2001．
21 邵瑞珍主编，皮连生，吴庆麟副主编．教育心理学[M]．上海：上海教育出版社，1996
22 阳谷等主编．中学化学活动课程[M]．北京：北京工业大学出版社，1997
23 吕琳．用液封装置做有毒气体的投影实验(J)．化学教学，1995(5)
24 倪艳等．稳定性二氧化氯在家庭日常生活中的应用[J]．中国消毒学杂志，1997，12(2)：7
25 刘知新主编．化学教学论[M]．北京：高等教育出版社，1990
26 陈沁．CGFNS考试对药物学命题的启示[J]．卫生职业教育，2002，20(9)23-24
27 田建国．立世德为首[N]．人民日报，2000，4，9．
28 邱鸿钟．医学，你姓什么?．[M]中国学者心中的科学·人文．昆明：云南教育出版社，2001，284—289
29 周梦醒．中学化学美的主要内容和基本特征[J]．化学教育，1998(5)，15
30 王洁贞，李颖琰，陈冠民主编．医学统计学[M]．郑州：郑州大学出版社，2002