桌面虚拟实验中学习者知识建构和迁移的影响因素研究
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摘要
随着知识更新周期的缩短以及知识含量的不断增加,学习者必须进行更有效的、高水平的学习,才能适应复杂多变的时代环境,知识的高效获取与应用也就变得尤为重要。学习者的学习包括获取知识、行为方式和技能等,也包括将所习得的知识、行为方式和技能等应用于问题情境及问题解决中,这个过程就是知识的建构和迁移。
以计算机为核心的信息技术的发展,为学习者获取、建构和迁移知识创造了良好的条件。信息技术中的桌面虚拟实验技术通过计算机的建模、模拟以及对虚拟现实场景的重现,使学习者能获得虚拟实验、虚拟旅行、虚拟参观、虚拟训练等仿真体验和新的思维启迪。在培养学习者的实际操作能力、问题解决能力及创新能力等方面,实验教学在整个教学过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着计算机及网络技术的飞速发展,桌面虚拟实验技术迅速地崛起并日渐成熟,在实验教学中发挥着愈来愈重要的实践作用。桌面虚拟实验是一个集成各种不同技术与工具的信息化、网络化的实验环境,具有良好的教育应用前景和极大的发展潜力。目前,运用虚拟实验辅助或部分替代传统实验教学,能缓解实验教学的压力,提高实验教学的质量与成效。本研究针对桌面虚拟实验中学习者知识建构与迁移这一问题进行了探讨。
首先,阐述了研究的背景与意义,在对文献调研与国内外虚拟实验研究现状进行分析的基础上确定了本研究的研究方向与维度；其次,阐述了桌面虚拟实验的内涵、特征、应用于教学的必要性、桌面虚拟实验中知识建构的一般过程、作用层面及知识建构的原则和一般评估方法等内容,并探讨了知识迁移的表现层面及迁移发生的条件;第三,阐明了相关学习理论对桌面虚拟实验应用于实验教学中的指导意义,阐明了桌面虚拟实验在实验教学中的作用,分析了桌面虚拟实验的特性、在教学应用中的特点及其与知识建构、知识迁移的关联性,并对国内虚拟实验的应用现状进行分析,发掘现有桌面虚拟实验存在的问题及学习者在运用虚拟实验学习所遇到的困难,在此基础上提出本研究的研究假设：第四,在理论研究的基础上,结合桌面虚拟实验案例《中学电路虚拟实验》进行前期的问卷调查及数据统计,依据本研究提出的三个研究维度对桌面虚拟实验中学习者知识建构和迁移的影响因素进行定量分析与探究,并得出初步的研究结论,为学习者知识建构和迁移的促进建议与策略提供必要的支持；最后,结合桌面虚拟实验案例的分析及学习者在虚拟实验中学习体验的调查,以及桌面虚拟实验教学效用的实证研究,提出了促进知识建构与迁移的策略,并指出了研究中存在的不足,为后续进一步的研究研究确立了方向。
本研究探讨的桌面虚拟实验主要是物理学科的探究实验,下一步的工作,将探讨桌面虚拟实验在不同的领域的教学应用以及知识建构和迁移促进策略教学效用的有效性分析,使得研究更趋科学与完善。
As the renewing of knowledge becomes faster, and the amount of information becomes larger at present time, learners should master some learning ways with high-efficiency at high levels to adapt this complex and volatile environment. It shows great importance to acquire and apply knowledge efficiently. As to learners, learning process not only includes the acquisition of knowledge, behavior and skills, but also includes the application of knowledge, behavior and skills in problem situations and problem solving procedures. It is the very process how knowledge constructs and transfers.
Based on the computer, the development of Information Technology will provides positive conditions for learners' knowledge acquisition, construction and transfer. The Desktop Virtual Experiment Technology help learners get a simulation experience and creative inspiration, such as virtual experiments, imaginary trips, virtual tour, virtual training with model-building and simulating reality scenes on the computer. In the whole teaching process, Experimental Teaching plays an increasingly important role in fostering experimental operation skills, problem solving abilities and the innovation capabilities of learners. Along with the rapid development of computer and Internet, Desktop Virtual Experiment Technology emerges fast and becomes more mature. It certainly will plays an increasingly important role in practice. As an information and network environment which integrates various techniques and tools, desktop virtual experiment holds great promise in its development and application. At present, virtual experiment can assist or partly replace traditional experimental teaching. It can help to relieve the pressure of experimental teaching, and then improve its quality. This article focuses on the process of knowledge construction and transfer in desktop virtual experiment.
At the beginning of the paper, the author states the research background and significance. Based on the investigation of literature and further analysis of current research domestic and overseas, the aspects and dimensions of research is determined; then the connotation and characteristics of desktop virtual experiment is also related, and the necessity of its application in teaching is analyzed. The statement also includes general process, principles and general evaluation method of knowledge construction in desktop virtual experiment. Meanwhile, the author explores the content such as the level and the happening conditions of knowledge transfer; Thirdly, this dissertation illuminates the practical guidance significance of related theories to desktop virtual experiment applied in teaching and the role of desktop virtual experiment in experiment teaching. Through analysis of the characteristics of desktop virtual experiment in application and analysis of its relevance to knowledge construction, knowledge transfer, and analysis of application of virtual experiment. The author excavates the problems existing in desktop virtual experiment and learning process, and according to this situation, the author puts forward the research assumptions according to former analysis. Chapter four is based on the study of relevant theories, the author submits the questionnaire survey and data statistics combined with the experimental case "virtual circuit experiment of middle school". Based on the research dimensions, quantitative analysis and explore the affecting factors of the knowledge construction and transfer in desktop virtual experiment. Then, draws the initial research conclusion, with the purpose of providing the necessary suggestions and promotion strategies to the knowledge construction and transfer of learners. Finally, combining with the analysis of the desktop virtual experimental case and the investigation of the desktop virtual experiment teaching effectiveness, this dissertation generalizes the promotion strategies of knowledge construction and transfer. And points out the deficiency and further effort throughout this research work, establish directions for the later study.
The desktop virtual experiment of this research mainly focuses on the inquiry physics experiment. Next, the research will transfer to the teaching applications of desktop virtual experiment in different fields and validity analysis of knowledge construction and transfer promotion strategies, so as to make this study more scientific and perfect.
以计算机为核心的信息技术的发展,为学习者获取、建构和迁移知识创造了良好的条件。信息技术中的桌面虚拟实验技术通过计算机的建模、模拟以及对虚拟现实场景的重现,使学习者能获得虚拟实验、虚拟旅行、虚拟参观、虚拟训练等仿真体验和新的思维启迪。在培养学习者的实际操作能力、问题解决能力及创新能力等方面,实验教学在整个教学过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。随着计算机及网络技术的飞速发展,桌面虚拟实验技术迅速地崛起并日渐成熟,在实验教学中发挥着愈来愈重要的实践作用。桌面虚拟实验是一个集成各种不同技术与工具的信息化、网络化的实验环境,具有良好的教育应用前景和极大的发展潜力。目前,运用虚拟实验辅助或部分替代传统实验教学,能缓解实验教学的压力,提高实验教学的质量与成效。本研究针对桌面虚拟实验中学习者知识建构与迁移这一问题进行了探讨。
首先,阐述了研究的背景与意义,在对文献调研与国内外虚拟实验研究现状进行分析的基础上确定了本研究的研究方向与维度；其次,阐述了桌面虚拟实验的内涵、特征、应用于教学的必要性、桌面虚拟实验中知识建构的一般过程、作用层面及知识建构的原则和一般评估方法等内容,并探讨了知识迁移的表现层面及迁移发生的条件;第三,阐明了相关学习理论对桌面虚拟实验应用于实验教学中的指导意义,阐明了桌面虚拟实验在实验教学中的作用,分析了桌面虚拟实验的特性、在教学应用中的特点及其与知识建构、知识迁移的关联性,并对国内虚拟实验的应用现状进行分析,发掘现有桌面虚拟实验存在的问题及学习者在运用虚拟实验学习所遇到的困难,在此基础上提出本研究的研究假设：第四,在理论研究的基础上,结合桌面虚拟实验案例《中学电路虚拟实验》进行前期的问卷调查及数据统计,依据本研究提出的三个研究维度对桌面虚拟实验中学习者知识建构和迁移的影响因素进行定量分析与探究,并得出初步的研究结论,为学习者知识建构和迁移的促进建议与策略提供必要的支持；最后,结合桌面虚拟实验案例的分析及学习者在虚拟实验中学习体验的调查,以及桌面虚拟实验教学效用的实证研究,提出了促进知识建构与迁移的策略,并指出了研究中存在的不足,为后续进一步的研究研究确立了方向。
本研究探讨的桌面虚拟实验主要是物理学科的探究实验,下一步的工作,将探讨桌面虚拟实验在不同的领域的教学应用以及知识建构和迁移促进策略教学效用的有效性分析,使得研究更趋科学与完善。
As the renewing of knowledge becomes faster, and the amount of information becomes larger at present time, learners should master some learning ways with high-efficiency at high levels to adapt this complex and volatile environment. It shows great importance to acquire and apply knowledge efficiently. As to learners, learning process not only includes the acquisition of knowledge, behavior and skills, but also includes the application of knowledge, behavior and skills in problem situations and problem solving procedures. It is the very process how knowledge constructs and transfers.
Based on the computer, the development of Information Technology will provides positive conditions for learners' knowledge acquisition, construction and transfer. The Desktop Virtual Experiment Technology help learners get a simulation experience and creative inspiration, such as virtual experiments, imaginary trips, virtual tour, virtual training with model-building and simulating reality scenes on the computer. In the whole teaching process, Experimental Teaching plays an increasingly important role in fostering experimental operation skills, problem solving abilities and the innovation capabilities of learners. Along with the rapid development of computer and Internet, Desktop Virtual Experiment Technology emerges fast and becomes more mature. It certainly will plays an increasingly important role in practice. As an information and network environment which integrates various techniques and tools, desktop virtual experiment holds great promise in its development and application. At present, virtual experiment can assist or partly replace traditional experimental teaching. It can help to relieve the pressure of experimental teaching, and then improve its quality. This article focuses on the process of knowledge construction and transfer in desktop virtual experiment.
At the beginning of the paper, the author states the research background and significance. Based on the investigation of literature and further analysis of current research domestic and overseas, the aspects and dimensions of research is determined; then the connotation and characteristics of desktop virtual experiment is also related, and the necessity of its application in teaching is analyzed. The statement also includes general process, principles and general evaluation method of knowledge construction in desktop virtual experiment. Meanwhile, the author explores the content such as the level and the happening conditions of knowledge transfer; Thirdly, this dissertation illuminates the practical guidance significance of related theories to desktop virtual experiment applied in teaching and the role of desktop virtual experiment in experiment teaching. Through analysis of the characteristics of desktop virtual experiment in application and analysis of its relevance to knowledge construction, knowledge transfer, and analysis of application of virtual experiment. The author excavates the problems existing in desktop virtual experiment and learning process, and according to this situation, the author puts forward the research assumptions according to former analysis. Chapter four is based on the study of relevant theories, the author submits the questionnaire survey and data statistics combined with the experimental case "virtual circuit experiment of middle school". Based on the research dimensions, quantitative analysis and explore the affecting factors of the knowledge construction and transfer in desktop virtual experiment. Then, draws the initial research conclusion, with the purpose of providing the necessary suggestions and promotion strategies to the knowledge construction and transfer of learners. Finally, combining with the analysis of the desktop virtual experimental case and the investigation of the desktop virtual experiment teaching effectiveness, this dissertation generalizes the promotion strategies of knowledge construction and transfer. And points out the deficiency and further effort throughout this research work, establish directions for the later study.
The desktop virtual experiment of this research mainly focuses on the inquiry physics experiment. Next, the research will transfer to the teaching applications of desktop virtual experiment in different fields and validity analysis of knowledge construction and transfer promotion strategies, so as to make this study more scientific and perfect.
引文
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