樟树施肥及营养诊断的研究
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摘要
樟树作为我国的珍贵的经济树种,具有很高的经济价值,本试验以厦门市牡丹公司一年生牡丹1#扦插苗为试验材料,运用三元二次通用旋转组合设计,对不同的施肥处理对樟树的生长、生物量积累、得油率、芳樟醇含量的影响开展研究;结合各个指标值建立数学模型,对其拟合方程进行最优求解,确定樟树最优生长的施肥配比,并应用DRIS图解法与指数法分别对樟树植株的营养元素进行诊断比较,得出不同处理的N、P、K需肥顺序;为樟树的科学施肥技术提供理论和实践依据。主要的研究结果如下:
1.对樟树生物量、树高、地径的数学模型拟合的回归方程进行显著性检验,检验结果均达显著水平,表明氮、磷、钾肥的不同处理对樟树的生长的影响显著。得到生物量的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=7.459+2.474X1-2.038X2+2.245X3-0.136X1X2-0.717X1X3-0.348X2X3+0.219X12+0.775X22-0.057X32,求得的最优生物量可达到29.739g,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:5.0g/盆,5.0g/盆,0g/盆;苗高的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=20.997+5.971X1+1.083X2+4.034X3-0.451X1X2+0.134X1X3+0.167X2X3-1.185X12-0.229X22-0.872X32,求得的最优树高可达到43.16cm,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:3.64g/盆,5.00g/盆,3.07g/盆;地径的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=4.283+0.695X1+0.495X2+0.182X3-0.003X1X2+0.019X1X3-0.035X2X3-0.12X12-0.065X22-0.0253X32,求得的最优地径可达到6.34mm,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:3.01g/盆,3.01g/盆,2.7g/盆。
2.运用DRIS图解法与指数法对樟树的N、P、K养分营养诊断进行诊断,通过DRIS图解法得出N、P、K三元素最佳比值范围P/N=0.1414-0.0948、K/N=0.1744-0.1530、P/K=0.8367-0.5979,在所有处理中处理19、20的养分处于平衡状态。通过DRIS指数法,得出处理15～20的各营养指数与0最为接近,表明这6个处理的养分比较平衡,与图解法的结果一致。
3.对樟树得油率和芳樟醇的数学模型拟合的回归方程进行显著性检验,检验结果均达显著水平,表明氮、磷、钾肥的不同处理对樟树叶油得油率以及成分含量的影响显著,得到得油率的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=1.054+0.392X1-0.037X2+0.280X3+0.014X1X2-0.022X1X3+0.018X2X3-0.057X12+0.001X22-0.053X32,求得的最优得油率可达到2.22%,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:3.52g/盆,5g/盆,2.76g/盆。芳樟醇的数学模型拟合的回归方程为: Y=87.206+2.802X1-0.279X2+1.115X3+0.108X1X2-0.147X1X3+0.396X2X3-0.525X12-0.137X22-0.275X32,求得的最优芳樟醇含量可达到95.18%,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:2.84g/盆,5g/盆,4.87g/盆。
4.樟树精油的合成、转化和积累,受其遗传性和环境条件所制约。试验结果表明各个处理樟树叶含油率均在1.53%以上,芳樟醇含量均在88.35%以上,说明优良芳香樟无性繁殖后代能够保留其母本的优良特性(含油率1.55%,芳樟醇含量为94.67%)。不同施肥处理对樟树叶含油率及其芳樟醇含量,也有显著的影响,说明科学的配方施肥对提高樟树叶精油及其芳樟醇产量有明显的促进作用。
The Cinnamomum camphora as our country's precious economic tree, had very high economic value,One-year-old cutting seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora from Xiamen Mudan Company, chosen as testing materials, and combinative design of three factors-quadratic rotations applied in this paper,the impacts of different fertilizer treatments on the growth of Cinnamomum camphora,biomass and the yield of essential oil, the linalool content in essential oil were studied;DRIS graphic methods and DRIS indices were respectively used to diagnose plant nutrition of Cinnamomum camphora, and then the order of requiring the fertilizer-N,P,and K was figured out;Combined with the results of nutrient diagnosis,providing theoretical and practical references for scientific fertilization of Acacia crassicarpa seedling.The results as followed:
1.The results of significant test were reached significant level in the mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s biomass, height and diameter, and the results indicated that the impacts of different fertilization treatments had sinificant influence to Cinnamomum camphora’s different parts growth.The regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s biomass was: Y=7.459+2.474X1-2.038X2+2.245X3-0.136X1X2-0.717X1X3-0.348X2X3+0.219X12+0.775X22-0.057X32,the optimal biomass was 29.739g, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were:5.0g/pot, 5.0g/pot, and 0 g/pot respectively; the regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s height was: Y=20.997+5.971X1+1.083X2+4.034X3-0.451X1X2+0.134X1X3+0.167X2X3-1.185X12-0.229X22-0.872X32,the optimal biomass was 43.16cm, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K was:3.64g/pot,5.00g/pot,and 3.07g/pot respectively. the regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s diameter was:Y=4.283+0.695X1+0.495X2+0.182X3-0.003X1X2+0.019X1X3-0.035X2X3-0.12X12-0.065 X22-0.0253X32,the optimal diameter were 6.34mm, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were:3.01g/pot,3.01g/pot,and 2.7g/pot respectively.
2.The nutrients of N,P,and K in the Cinnamomum camphora were diagnosed by DRIS graphic and indices methods,the result by DRIS graphic method showed the best ratio ranges were P/N=0.1414-0.0948,K/N=0.1744-0.1530,P/K=0.8367-0.5979 respectively.The nutrients of treatment No.19 and 20 were in balance range,and The results by DRIS indices method showed that the nutrients of treatment No.15 to 20's nutrients indexes were most closer to 0, which indicated the nutrients of these treatments were relatively balanced,and the conclusion was In accordance with DRIS Graphic Method.
3.The results of significant test were reached significant level in the mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s yield of essential oil and linalool content in essential oil, and the results indicated that the impacts of different fertilization treatments had sinificant influence to them.The regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s yield of essential oil was: Y=1.054+0.392X1-0.037X2+0.280X3+0.014X1X2-0.022X1X3+0.018X2X3-0.057X12+0.001X22-0.053X32,the optimal yield of essential oil was 2.22%, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were: 3.52g /pot,5.0g/pot,and 2.76g g/pot respectively;the regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s linalool content in essential oil was: Y=1.054+0.392X1-0.037X2+0.280X3+0.014X1X2-0.022X1X3+0.018X2X3-0.057X12+0.001X22-0.053X32,the optimal linalool content in essential oil was 95.18%, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were: 2.84g /pot,5.0g/pot, and 4.87 g/pot respectively.
4.Cinnamomum camphora's essential oil's synthesis, the accumulation and the transformation were restricted by its heredity and the environmental conditions, the results showed that each treatments's the yield of essential oil was above 1.53%, the linalool content was above 88.35%, which indicated that the camphor tree inherit characteristics of mother tree well in fertilization experiment, however the differences were significant among the yield of essential oil and the linalool content of different treatments, indicated that fertilization experiment had sinificant influence to the yield of essential oil and the linalool content, and the suitable fertilization treatments could promote Cinnamomum camphora's oil production.
1.对樟树生物量、树高、地径的数学模型拟合的回归方程进行显著性检验,检验结果均达显著水平,表明氮、磷、钾肥的不同处理对樟树的生长的影响显著。得到生物量的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=7.459+2.474X1-2.038X2+2.245X3-0.136X1X2-0.717X1X3-0.348X2X3+0.219X12+0.775X22-0.057X32,求得的最优生物量可达到29.739g,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:5.0g/盆,5.0g/盆,0g/盆;苗高的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=20.997+5.971X1+1.083X2+4.034X3-0.451X1X2+0.134X1X3+0.167X2X3-1.185X12-0.229X22-0.872X32,求得的最优树高可达到43.16cm,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:3.64g/盆,5.00g/盆,3.07g/盆;地径的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=4.283+0.695X1+0.495X2+0.182X3-0.003X1X2+0.019X1X3-0.035X2X3-0.12X12-0.065X22-0.0253X32,求得的最优地径可达到6.34mm,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:3.01g/盆,3.01g/盆,2.7g/盆。
2.运用DRIS图解法与指数法对樟树的N、P、K养分营养诊断进行诊断,通过DRIS图解法得出N、P、K三元素最佳比值范围P/N=0.1414-0.0948、K/N=0.1744-0.1530、P/K=0.8367-0.5979,在所有处理中处理19、20的养分处于平衡状态。通过DRIS指数法,得出处理15～20的各营养指数与0最为接近,表明这6个处理的养分比较平衡,与图解法的结果一致。
3.对樟树得油率和芳樟醇的数学模型拟合的回归方程进行显著性检验,检验结果均达显著水平,表明氮、磷、钾肥的不同处理对樟树叶油得油率以及成分含量的影响显著,得到得油率的数学模型拟合的回归方程为:Y=1.054+0.392X1-0.037X2+0.280X3+0.014X1X2-0.022X1X3+0.018X2X3-0.057X12+0.001X22-0.053X32,求得的最优得油率可达到2.22%,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:3.52g/盆,5g/盆,2.76g/盆。芳樟醇的数学模型拟合的回归方程为: Y=87.206+2.802X1-0.279X2+1.115X3+0.108X1X2-0.147X1X3+0.396X2X3-0.525X12-0.137X22-0.275X32,求得的最优芳樟醇含量可达到95.18%,与之对应的氮,磷,钾的施肥量分别为:2.84g/盆,5g/盆,4.87g/盆。
4.樟树精油的合成、转化和积累,受其遗传性和环境条件所制约。试验结果表明各个处理樟树叶含油率均在1.53%以上,芳樟醇含量均在88.35%以上,说明优良芳香樟无性繁殖后代能够保留其母本的优良特性(含油率1.55%,芳樟醇含量为94.67%)。不同施肥处理对樟树叶含油率及其芳樟醇含量,也有显著的影响,说明科学的配方施肥对提高樟树叶精油及其芳樟醇产量有明显的促进作用。
The Cinnamomum camphora as our country's precious economic tree, had very high economic value,One-year-old cutting seedlings of Cinnamomum camphora from Xiamen Mudan Company, chosen as testing materials, and combinative design of three factors-quadratic rotations applied in this paper,the impacts of different fertilizer treatments on the growth of Cinnamomum camphora,biomass and the yield of essential oil, the linalool content in essential oil were studied;DRIS graphic methods and DRIS indices were respectively used to diagnose plant nutrition of Cinnamomum camphora, and then the order of requiring the fertilizer-N,P,and K was figured out;Combined with the results of nutrient diagnosis,providing theoretical and practical references for scientific fertilization of Acacia crassicarpa seedling.The results as followed:
1.The results of significant test were reached significant level in the mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s biomass, height and diameter, and the results indicated that the impacts of different fertilization treatments had sinificant influence to Cinnamomum camphora’s different parts growth.The regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s biomass was: Y=7.459+2.474X1-2.038X2+2.245X3-0.136X1X2-0.717X1X3-0.348X2X3+0.219X12+0.775X22-0.057X32,the optimal biomass was 29.739g, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were:5.0g/pot, 5.0g/pot, and 0 g/pot respectively; the regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s height was: Y=20.997+5.971X1+1.083X2+4.034X3-0.451X1X2+0.134X1X3+0.167X2X3-1.185X12-0.229X22-0.872X32,the optimal biomass was 43.16cm, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K was:3.64g/pot,5.00g/pot,and 3.07g/pot respectively. the regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s diameter was:Y=4.283+0.695X1+0.495X2+0.182X3-0.003X1X2+0.019X1X3-0.035X2X3-0.12X12-0.065 X22-0.0253X32,the optimal diameter were 6.34mm, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were:3.01g/pot,3.01g/pot,and 2.7g/pot respectively.
2.The nutrients of N,P,and K in the Cinnamomum camphora were diagnosed by DRIS graphic and indices methods,the result by DRIS graphic method showed the best ratio ranges were P/N=0.1414-0.0948,K/N=0.1744-0.1530,P/K=0.8367-0.5979 respectively.The nutrients of treatment No.19 and 20 were in balance range,and The results by DRIS indices method showed that the nutrients of treatment No.15 to 20's nutrients indexes were most closer to 0, which indicated the nutrients of these treatments were relatively balanced,and the conclusion was In accordance with DRIS Graphic Method.
3.The results of significant test were reached significant level in the mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s yield of essential oil and linalool content in essential oil, and the results indicated that the impacts of different fertilization treatments had sinificant influence to them.The regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s yield of essential oil was: Y=1.054+0.392X1-0.037X2+0.280X3+0.014X1X2-0.022X1X3+0.018X2X3-0.057X12+0.001X22-0.053X32,the optimal yield of essential oil was 2.22%, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were: 3.52g /pot,5.0g/pot,and 2.76g g/pot respectively;the regression equation established with mathematical models of Cinnamomum camphora’s linalool content in essential oil was: Y=1.054+0.392X1-0.037X2+0.280X3+0.014X1X2-0.022X1X3+0.018X2X3-0.057X12+0.001X22-0.053X32,the optimal linalool content in essential oil was 95.18%, and the corresponding application of N,P,and K were: 2.84g /pot,5.0g/pot, and 4.87 g/pot respectively.
4.Cinnamomum camphora's essential oil's synthesis, the accumulation and the transformation were restricted by its heredity and the environmental conditions, the results showed that each treatments's the yield of essential oil was above 1.53%, the linalool content was above 88.35%, which indicated that the camphor tree inherit characteristics of mother tree well in fertilization experiment, however the differences were significant among the yield of essential oil and the linalool content of different treatments, indicated that fertilization experiment had sinificant influence to the yield of essential oil and the linalool content, and the suitable fertilization treatments could promote Cinnamomum camphora's oil production.
引文
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