欧洲黑杨育种基因资源评价研究
摘要
欧洲黑杨(Populus nigra L．)是跨欧亚大陆分布的一个杨属树种，是世界主栽杨树品种的重要基因供体，在我国杨树遗传改良中起重要作用。我国缺乏黑杨派基因资源(阿尔泰地区有少量欧洲黑杨分布)，为了丰富我国欧洲黑杨育种基因资源，解决我幽杨树育种资源匮乏的难题，近年来我国已从欧洲引进了许多欧洲黑杨基因资源，全面了解这些引进资源，可为培育杨树新品种提供更可靠的科学依据。本研究对从欧洲引进的欧洲黑杨基因资源分别从叶片形态、生长、水分利用效率、木材性质等方面进行了评价，同时利用分子标记技术(SSR、SNPs)对其进行了分子遗传多样性评价。主要研究结果如下：
1、欧洲黑杨基因资源叶片形态及生长评价。对叶片形态以及生长性状的观察和分析表明，欧洲黑杨基因资源的叶片形态和生长性状具有丰富的多样性，叶片基部形态分为三种类型：心形、截形和楔形；方差分析显示基部为心形的叶片具有较大的叶面积，并可以根据叶片基部形态初步判断叶面积以及生长量的大小；叶片性状变异很大，其中叶面积的变异系数达到43.61％；对生长指标的综合评价排在前十位的具有生长优势和潜力的无性系分别为N23、N124、N31、N123、N117、N16、N52、N128、N5、N13。
2、欧洲黑杨基因资源水分利用效率评价。应用碳稳定同位素技术分析了欧洲黑杨的水分利用效率，结果显示欧洲黑杨基因资源在δ~(13)C值上存在显著遗传变异，δ~(13)C值变异范围为-30.400‰±0.006‰～-27.027‰±0.448‰；欧洲及国内不同地区的欧洲黑杨无性系δ~(13)C值差异显著，其中，东欧和中欧地区的欧洲黑杨具有较高的水分利用效率；并对欧洲黑杨的水分利用效率与生长指标之间的相关性进行了初步分析；结合δ~(13)C值与生长量指标，综合评价排在前十位的具有高水分利用效率并且生长量较大的基因资源分别N116、N51、N38、N40、N55、N52、N26、N27、N50、N96。
3、欧洲黑杨基因资源材性评价。分别对一年生和四年生欧洲黑杨基因资源进行了木材性质的测定和分析，结果显示在物理性状和化学性状方面不同的无性系间都存在着显著差异，具有丰富的遗传多样性，物理性状和化学性状受遗传控制较强；欧洲黑杨基因资源随着年龄的增加，基本密度、纤维长、纤维宽均表现为增加的趋势，微纤丝角则表现为递减的趋势；同时研究了木材性状之间以及木材性状与生长性状之间的相关性：欧洲黑杨基因资源生长性状与纤维长、纤维宽呈极显著正相关，与密度和微纤丝角呈弱负相关，达不到显著水平，苯醇抽提物与综纤维素和α纤维素呈极显著负相关，综纤维素与α纤维素呈极显著正相关，木
As an important gene donor of many poplar varieties in the world, Populus nigra L. occurs in Asia and Europe and plays important roles in genetic improvement of poplars. Aigeiros gene resource is scarce in China (few Populus nigra L in the Altai Mountains). In order to enrich P. nigra L gene resource and to enlarge the genetic base for poplar breeding programs, a lot of P. nigra L gene resources have been introduced to China in recent years. Full understanding of P. nigra L gene resources would provide strong scientific evidence for poplar breeding. This paper comprehensively evaluates P. nigra L from foliage traits , growth, drought resistance and wood properties; and evaluates molecular genetic diversity by simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. By combining the results of wood properties and molecular markers, markers correlated with wood properties and growth were identified. The main results are described as follows: 1 、 Evaluation on foliage traits and growth of P. nigra L. There are three types in foliage traits according to the shapes of leaf base: heart-shaped, truncated and cuneal respectively. Leaves with hart-shaped base have bigger leaf-area, leaf-area and growth can be estimated based on the shapes of leaf base; Great variation was found in leaf traits, the coefficient of variation of leaf-area reached to 43.61%; The top ten clones advantageous in growth ranked according to the comprehensive evaluation are respectively N23、N124、 N31、N123、 N117、 N16、 N52、 N128、 N5、 N13. 2, Evaluation of water use efficiency of P. nigra L. Water use efficiency(WUE) of P. nigra L. was analyzed by stable carbon isotope techniques. The foliar δ 13C value of P. nigra L. varied significantly, ranging from -30.40‰ ±0.006‰ to -27.02‰±0.448‰, the gene resources introduced from east Europe and central Europe had high δ 13C value, indicating these resources had a higher WUE; The correlation analysis between δ 13C value and growth was also studied; The top ten clones advantageous in growth and WUE according to comprehensive evaluation are respectively N116、N51、 N38、
1、欧洲黑杨基因资源叶片形态及生长评价。对叶片形态以及生长性状的观察和分析表明，欧洲黑杨基因资源的叶片形态和生长性状具有丰富的多样性，叶片基部形态分为三种类型：心形、截形和楔形；方差分析显示基部为心形的叶片具有较大的叶面积，并可以根据叶片基部形态初步判断叶面积以及生长量的大小；叶片性状变异很大，其中叶面积的变异系数达到43.61％；对生长指标的综合评价排在前十位的具有生长优势和潜力的无性系分别为N23、N124、N31、N123、N117、N16、N52、N128、N5、N13。
2、欧洲黑杨基因资源水分利用效率评价。应用碳稳定同位素技术分析了欧洲黑杨的水分利用效率，结果显示欧洲黑杨基因资源在δ~(13)C值上存在显著遗传变异，δ~(13)C值变异范围为-30.400‰±0.006‰～-27.027‰±0.448‰；欧洲及国内不同地区的欧洲黑杨无性系δ~(13)C值差异显著，其中，东欧和中欧地区的欧洲黑杨具有较高的水分利用效率；并对欧洲黑杨的水分利用效率与生长指标之间的相关性进行了初步分析；结合δ~(13)C值与生长量指标，综合评价排在前十位的具有高水分利用效率并且生长量较大的基因资源分别N116、N51、N38、N40、N55、N52、N26、N27、N50、N96。
3、欧洲黑杨基因资源材性评价。分别对一年生和四年生欧洲黑杨基因资源进行了木材性质的测定和分析，结果显示在物理性状和化学性状方面不同的无性系间都存在着显著差异，具有丰富的遗传多样性，物理性状和化学性状受遗传控制较强；欧洲黑杨基因资源随着年龄的增加，基本密度、纤维长、纤维宽均表现为增加的趋势，微纤丝角则表现为递减的趋势；同时研究了木材性状之间以及木材性状与生长性状之间的相关性：欧洲黑杨基因资源生长性状与纤维长、纤维宽呈极显著正相关，与密度和微纤丝角呈弱负相关，达不到显著水平，苯醇抽提物与综纤维素和α纤维素呈极显著负相关，综纤维素与α纤维素呈极显著正相关，木
As an important gene donor of many poplar varieties in the world, Populus nigra L. occurs in Asia and Europe and plays important roles in genetic improvement of poplars. Aigeiros gene resource is scarce in China (few Populus nigra L in the Altai Mountains). In order to enrich P. nigra L gene resource and to enlarge the genetic base for poplar breeding programs, a lot of P. nigra L gene resources have been introduced to China in recent years. Full understanding of P. nigra L gene resources would provide strong scientific evidence for poplar breeding. This paper comprehensively evaluates P. nigra L from foliage traits , growth, drought resistance and wood properties; and evaluates molecular genetic diversity by simple sequence repeats and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. By combining the results of wood properties and molecular markers, markers correlated with wood properties and growth were identified. The main results are described as follows: 1 、 Evaluation on foliage traits and growth of P. nigra L. There are three types in foliage traits according to the shapes of leaf base: heart-shaped, truncated and cuneal respectively. Leaves with hart-shaped base have bigger leaf-area, leaf-area and growth can be estimated based on the shapes of leaf base; Great variation was found in leaf traits, the coefficient of variation of leaf-area reached to 43.61%; The top ten clones advantageous in growth ranked according to the comprehensive evaluation are respectively N23、N124、 N31、N123、 N117、 N16、 N52、 N128、 N5、 N13. 2, Evaluation of water use efficiency of P. nigra L. Water use efficiency(WUE) of P. nigra L. was analyzed by stable carbon isotope techniques. The foliar δ 13C value of P. nigra L. varied significantly, ranging from -30.40‰ ±0.006‰ to -27.02‰±0.448‰, the gene resources introduced from east Europe and central Europe had high δ 13C value, indicating these resources had a higher WUE; The correlation analysis between δ 13C value and growth was also studied; The top ten clones advantageous in growth and WUE according to comprehensive evaluation are respectively N116、N51、 N38、
引文
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