基于目标驱动的流程度量模型及工具的研究
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摘要
随着经济全球化发展和信息业务时代的到来,激烈的市场竞争使许多企业意识到只有对企业流程进行维护和优化才能提高竞争力,以更快的速度响应客户的需求,确保企业在激烈的市场竞争中生存下来。企业业务流程优化和重建成为重要的手段,对流程性能进行客观的评价成为相关工作的重点,对流程相关性能指标的度量成为流程性能评价的基础。因此,建立领域无关的通用度量模型,指导流程度量活动的实施,并为度量活动设计合适的度量建模工具辅助用户进行建模,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。
本论文结合实验室承担的国家“863”重点科研攻关项目,对BPM领域的流程度量建模问题展开研究,通过对BPM业务流程领域以及软件度量领域的分析,参考已有的研究成果,将软件度量与BPM业务流程相结合提出了基于目标驱动的流程度量模型,并在此模型与工作流数据模式的指导下设计一系列领域无关的度量元,最后在上述研究的基础上完成了基于B／S架构的面向流程的度量建模工具的开发。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：
1.分析总结了与BPM流程管理领域建模和软件度量领域建模相关的国内外研究成果以及这两个领域结合的必要性。
2.对信牌驱动的工作流计算模型做了支持工作流数据模式的扩展。
3.讨论了现有的经典过程度量建模模型,并以此为基础结合BPM流程管理领域的特点提出了基于目标驱动的流程度量模型。通过对流程指标体系的分析,结合扩展的信牌驱动模型设计了一组领域无关的度量元。
4.运用WPDL为该度量模型与工作流引擎之间的交流制定了规则。
5.在以上理论的指导下设计并实现了面向流程的度量建模工具的开发。
As the age of economic globalization and information business comes, fierce market competition has made much enterprise aware of that only by maintaining and optimizing the business process can they enhance their competitiveness, response to the demand of customer faster and make sure their enterprise can survive the fierce market competition. Enterprise business process optimization and reconstruction has become an important way. thus makes the assessment of process function the focus of related works, the quantitative metrics of the processes.attributes becomes the foundation of process function assessment. So building a area-free business process model, guiding the implement of process metrics and designing a proper metrics modeling tool are of very important theoretical and practical significance for assisting customers to build model.
This paper is written based on the important 863 national research project that the laboratory undertaken, focusing on the field of process measurement for BMP modeling. By analyzing the field of BPM business process and software measurement, and the help of other achievements, this paper combined software measurement with BMP business process, basing on which it raised the idea of process measurement models and then a series of domain-independent measurement. Finally, the exploitation basing on the research above succeeded on the area of B/S architecture modeling tool. This paper has five points:
1. Analyze and summarize the areas of process modeling in BPM process management domain and software metrics related to research at home and abroad, as well as the need to combine these two areas.
2. Extended XINPAI driven workflow computing model to support workflow Data Pattern.
3. To discuss the existing classical measurement model, and the goal-driven process measurement model is proposed based on characteristics of the field of BPM workflow management. Through the analysis of process indicators, combined with a letter from a license-driven model expansion to design a set of domain-independent metric elements.
4. WPDL used for the rules for communication between measurement model and workflow machine.
5. Under the guidance of the above theory, the measurement process-oriented modeling tool development is designed and implemented.
本论文结合实验室承担的国家“863”重点科研攻关项目,对BPM领域的流程度量建模问题展开研究,通过对BPM业务流程领域以及软件度量领域的分析,参考已有的研究成果,将软件度量与BPM业务流程相结合提出了基于目标驱动的流程度量模型,并在此模型与工作流数据模式的指导下设计一系列领域无关的度量元,最后在上述研究的基础上完成了基于B／S架构的面向流程的度量建模工具的开发。本文的主要工作包括以下几个方面：
1.分析总结了与BPM流程管理领域建模和软件度量领域建模相关的国内外研究成果以及这两个领域结合的必要性。
2.对信牌驱动的工作流计算模型做了支持工作流数据模式的扩展。
3.讨论了现有的经典过程度量建模模型,并以此为基础结合BPM流程管理领域的特点提出了基于目标驱动的流程度量模型。通过对流程指标体系的分析,结合扩展的信牌驱动模型设计了一组领域无关的度量元。
4.运用WPDL为该度量模型与工作流引擎之间的交流制定了规则。
5.在以上理论的指导下设计并实现了面向流程的度量建模工具的开发。
As the age of economic globalization and information business comes, fierce market competition has made much enterprise aware of that only by maintaining and optimizing the business process can they enhance their competitiveness, response to the demand of customer faster and make sure their enterprise can survive the fierce market competition. Enterprise business process optimization and reconstruction has become an important way. thus makes the assessment of process function the focus of related works, the quantitative metrics of the processes.attributes becomes the foundation of process function assessment. So building a area-free business process model, guiding the implement of process metrics and designing a proper metrics modeling tool are of very important theoretical and practical significance for assisting customers to build model.
This paper is written based on the important 863 national research project that the laboratory undertaken, focusing on the field of process measurement for BMP modeling. By analyzing the field of BPM business process and software measurement, and the help of other achievements, this paper combined software measurement with BMP business process, basing on which it raised the idea of process measurement models and then a series of domain-independent measurement. Finally, the exploitation basing on the research above succeeded on the area of B/S architecture modeling tool. This paper has five points:
1. Analyze and summarize the areas of process modeling in BPM process management domain and software metrics related to research at home and abroad, as well as the need to combine these two areas.
2. Extended XINPAI driven workflow computing model to support workflow Data Pattern.
3. To discuss the existing classical measurement model, and the goal-driven process measurement model is proposed based on characteristics of the field of BPM workflow management. Through the analysis of process indicators, combined with a letter from a license-driven model expansion to design a set of domain-independent metric elements.
4. WPDL used for the rules for communication between measurement model and workflow machine.
5. Under the guidance of the above theory, the measurement process-oriented modeling tool development is designed and implemented.
引文
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[2]ABPMP. BPM公共知识体系[DB/OL]. http://www.ee-forum.org/pub/flyingrob ot/2010-01-p950.html,2010-01-24
[3]李建中,陈良猷.扩展的事件-过程链方法(EEPC)及其在BPR中的应用[J].系统工程,2000,18(1)：42-48
[4]胡长城.过程建模EPC[DB/OL]. http://blog.csdn.net/james999,2006-10-08
[5]J. Davis, W. Du, M. Shan. Open PM:An Enterprise Process Management System [J]. IEEE Data Engineering Bulletin,1995,18(1):27-32
[6]李建中,陈良猷.IDEF方法组在企业过程再造中的应用[J].工业工程,2000,3(3)：6-9
[7]van der Aalst. The Application of Petri Nets to Workflow Management [J]. The Journal of Circuit Systems and Computes,1998,8(1):21-66
[8]袁崇义.Petri网原理[M].北京：北京大学出版社,1999：16-40
[9]C. A. Ellis, G. J. Nutt. Modeling and Enactment of Workflow Systems [A]. Proceeding of 14th international conference on application and theory in Petri nets[C].LNCS 691 Srpiner-Verlag, Berlin, June,1993:1-16
[10]冯卫兵,郝克刚.基于Petri网的工作流模型的分析[J].计算机工程与应用,2007,43(3)：194-197
[11]W.M.P. van der Aalst, A.H.M. ter Hofstede. Verification of Workflow Task Structures: A Petri-net-based Approach[J]. Information Systems,2000,25(1):43-69
[12]陈祖萌,刘建丽.GQM软件度量模式的某些决策问题[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(2)：45-48
[13]刘秋林,刘红林.软件度量的发展[DB/OL]. http://www.51cmm.com,2004-10-08
[14]M. Hammer, J. Champy. Reengineering the Corporation:A manifesto for Business Revolution[M]. New York, NY:Harper Collins,1993
[15]王鹏.流程度量方法以及工具的研究[D].西安：西北大学,2009：33-54
[16]GOETHERTW, HAYESW. Experiences in Implementing Measurement Programs[A]. Software Engineering Measurement and Analysis Initiative [C]. TechnicalNote, CMU/SEI-2001-TN-026,2001
[17]蒋依欣,邓军.一种目标驱动与活动相结合的度量模型[N].科技创新导报,2008,(26)：241-242
[18]Workflow Management Coalition.Workflow Management Coalition Terminology & Giossary[WfMC000],1994
[19]刘博,范玉顺.面向服务的工作流性能评价及指标相关度分析[J].计算机集成制造系统,2008,14(1)：160-166
[20]徐丽,刘全.基于BPM的工作流技术[EB/OL]. http://www.e-works.net.cn, 2010-03-03
[21]W.M.P. van der Aalst. A.H.M ter Hofstede, B. Kiepuszewski, A.P.Barros. Workflow Patterns[EB/OL]. http://www.workflowpatterns.com,2005
[22]Nick Russell, Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede, David Edmond, Wil M. P. van der Aalst. Workflow data patterns [EB/OL]. http://www.workflowpatterns.com,2005:1-15
[23]van der Aalst. Making Work Flow:On the Application of Petri Nets to business Process Management A]. Proceedings of the 23th International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets[C].2002:1-22
[24]van der Aalst, Kees van Hee, A. Serebrenik, et al. Working with the Past:Integrating History in Petri Nets[J]. Fundamental Informatics,2008,88(3):387-409
[25]van der Aalst. Workflow Management:Models, Methods and Systems [M]. Cambridge, MA:MIT Press,2002:2-36
[26]M. Weske, W.M.P. van der Aalst, H.M.W. Verbeek. Advances in business process management [J]. Data & Knowledge Engineering,2004 (50):1-8
[27]干哲,陈敏,汤晓安,等.活动多实例工作流中数据流的建模与调度[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2008,20(5)：637-644
[28]吴立峰,金烨.工作流系统的资源管理问题[J].计算机工程,2007,33(20)：59-63
[29]Nick Russell, Arthur H. M. ter Hofstede, David Edmond, Wil M. P. van der Aalst. Workflow resource patterns [EB/OL]. http://www.workflowpatterns. com,2005:1-10
[30]KL EIN M, DELAROSA C. A knowledge2based approach to handling exceptions in workflow systems[J]. Computer Sup2ported Cooperative Work,2000,9(3):39-121
[31]龚晓庆,葛伟,郝克刚.信牌驱动模型中的工作流模式[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2004,34(1)：13-18
[32]邢大红,曹佳冬,汪和才,等.软件度量学综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2001：17-19
[33]侯红.基于度量的软件过程管理方法与分析技术的研究[D].西安：西北大学,2006：3-42
[34]丁剑洁.基于度量的软件维护过程管理的研究[D].西安：西北大学,2006：15-19
[35]Naja Habra, Alain Abran. A framework for the design and verification of software measurement method[J]. The Journal of Systems and Software,2007, (81):633-648
[36]Alain April, Alain Abran. A Software Maintenance Maturity Model (S3M): Measurement Practices at Maturity Levels 3 and 4[J]. Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science,2009, (233):73-87
[37]Irene Vanderfeesten, Hajo A.Reijers, Wil M.P. vander Aalst. Evaluating workflow process design using cohesion and coupling metrics[J].Computers in Industry,2008, (59):420-437
[38]Zhao Li, Nasser Alaeddine, Jeff Tian. Multi-faceted quality and defect measurement for web software and source contents [J]. The Journal of Systems and Software,2010, (83):18-28
[39]Andrea Fried. Performance measurement systems and their relation to strategic learning:A case study in a software developing organization[M]. Department Innovation Research and Sustainable Resource Management,2009:2-33
[40]陈振强,徐宝文.一种基于依赖性分析的类内聚度度量方法[J].软件学报,2003,14(11)：1849-1856
[41]陈祖萌,刘建丽.GQM软件度量模式的某些决策问题[J].北京工业大学学报,2000,26(2)：45-48
[42]Paul Humphreys, George Huang, Trevor Cadden,et al. Integrating design metrics within the early supplier selection process[J]. Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management,2007, (13):42-52
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