南瓜白粉病品种抗病性及抗病机理研究
|
摘要
南瓜白粉病(powdery mildew)是一种广泛发生的世界性病害,长期困扰着南瓜的生产,给生产造成了一定的经济损失,成为南瓜生产中的一个限制性因素。本试验通过对南瓜白粉病病原菌的形态学观察和鉴别寄主感病反应,结果表明,引起甘肃省武威地区南瓜白粉病的病原菌为单囊壳属单囊壳菌(Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht.Ex Fr.) Poll)。并对甜瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、丝瓜、冬瓜,西葫芦等10种瓜类进行接种,测定其寄主范围。结果表明,引起甘肃省武威地区南瓜白粉病的病原菌对甜瓜、黄瓜、苦瓜、冬瓜、西葫芦等9种葫芦科植物均具有侵染力,但是对丝瓜无侵染力。
采用田间自然接种鉴定和室内苗期接种鉴定的方法,研究了10个南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性。结果表明,品种间的抗病性差异均达到了显著水平,其中品种三星、红栗、甜栗表现为高抗;品种二星、日本、金钩、京域表现为抗病;品种光板、天然、红福表现为感病。经相关分析表明,田间自然鉴定结果与室内苗期人工接种鉴定结果的相关系数R2=0.9112,达到显著水平,即室内苗期接种鉴定结果与田间自然鉴定结果是一致的。
对南瓜白粉病发病因素的研究表明,温度为25～30℃,湿度在80～90﹪,苗龄为2片真叶时,是最容易发病的。对孢子悬浮液接种浓度和放置时间的试验设计研究表明,白粉菌的孢子悬浮液接种浓度为2.5×105～5.0×l05个/mL、放置时间在0.5h以内时,南瓜最易发病。
不同品种南瓜对白粉病的抗性与组织结构研究表明:叶片表面的气孔数目和分生孢子的萌发率与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗病性呈负相关,而叶片表面气孔的大小和表面绒毛与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性无相关性。
以6个对白粉病有不同抗性的南瓜品种为材料,研究人工接菌后叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(P0D)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化及其与抗病性的关系。叶绿素含量测定结果表明:南瓜叶片中叶绿素的含量与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性呈正相关,相关系数R2 = 0.9137,达极显著水平。酶活性测定结果表明:抗病和感病南瓜品种未接种白粉菌前,抗病品种三星的健康植株过氧化物酶(P0D)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性均高于感病品种红福的活性,但是差异不显著;接种白粉病菌后,供试品种间叶片PAL活性和POD活性均升高,其中抗病品种间PAL活性升高幅度显著大于感病品种,其变化与病情指数呈负相关,而抗感品种的POD活性升高幅度差异不显著,但是抗病品种出现两次酶活性高峰,而感病品种只有一次酶活性高峰;POD活性和PAL活性与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性密切相关。
Powdery mildew of pumpkin is a widespread disease worldwide, the long-standing problem of pumpkin production, to produce a certain result in economic losses as a pumpkin production of a limiting factor. The disease causing Pumpkin powdery mildew was observed and identified in WuWei districts of Gansu .The chief pathogens, according to microscopy, spore germination experiment and identification of the host response to infection, were identified as Sphaerotheca fuligine. And the determination of host range for the melon, cucumber, balsam pear, snake gourd, winter melon, pumpkin 10 categories for vaccination. The results showed that the region arising from Wuwei, Gansu Province pumpkin powdery mildew pathogen of melon, cucumber, bitter gourd, wax gourd, pumpkin and other 9 kinds of Cucurbitaceae force are infected, but non-infected sponge gourd force.
Resistance of ten Pumpkin cultivars to powdery mildew was studied by means of natural infection in the field and artificial inoculation in the laboratory. The results showed that the resistance to powdery mildew among the Pumpkin cultivars was significant different. Xanxing, Hongli and Tianli were resistant; Guangban,Tianran and Hongfu were susceptible. Moreover, the level of resistance to the disease between field natural elaluation and laboratory artificial inoculation was significant positive correlation.
The result indicated that the primary pathogen was ascus subphylum ,Sphaerotheca fuligine,the inoculation concentration was 2.5×105 to 5.0×l05 spores/mL,laying within 0.5h and the treatment of two euphylla, , the temperature for 25 to 30℃, the humidity in 80 to 90﹪is easiest to be taken bad of pumpkin.
The result showed that the resistance was negative correlated to stomatal number and the germination rate of conidia. Statistical analysis indicated that the stomatal density were not correlated with the resistance to powdery mildew in six pumpkin cultivars.
The variation of some biochemical index of pumpkin cultivars such as the content of chlorophyll, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and activity of phenylalnine ammonia-lysae were analyzed by testing pumpkin seedling whose leaves have been inoculated and uninoculated. The result showed that the resistance was positively correlated to the content of chlorophyll. And responses of peroxidase (POD) and phenylalnine ammonia-lysae (PAL) of pumpkin seedling leaves were analyzed after inoculation with Sphaerotheca fuligine. The results showed that the activities of POD and PAL of non-inoculated (CK) were similar among cultivars; The activities of POD and PAL in the susceptible cultivars increased more than that of resistant after inoculation with Sphaerotheca fuligine , and the changes were negatively correlated with the pumpkin resistance against powdery mildew , while the increasing rate of the activities of PAL in the susceptible was less than that of resistance after inoculation , and the changes were positively correlated with the resistance. And the activity of POD emerged two higher points after inoculation of resistant,but only one of susceptible.It was concluded that the changes of POD and PAL activities in the inoculated leaves were closely correlated with the pumpkin resistance against powdery mildew.
采用田间自然接种鉴定和室内苗期接种鉴定的方法,研究了10个南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性。结果表明,品种间的抗病性差异均达到了显著水平,其中品种三星、红栗、甜栗表现为高抗;品种二星、日本、金钩、京域表现为抗病;品种光板、天然、红福表现为感病。经相关分析表明,田间自然鉴定结果与室内苗期人工接种鉴定结果的相关系数R2=0.9112,达到显著水平,即室内苗期接种鉴定结果与田间自然鉴定结果是一致的。
对南瓜白粉病发病因素的研究表明,温度为25～30℃,湿度在80～90﹪,苗龄为2片真叶时,是最容易发病的。对孢子悬浮液接种浓度和放置时间的试验设计研究表明,白粉菌的孢子悬浮液接种浓度为2.5×105～5.0×l05个/mL、放置时间在0.5h以内时,南瓜最易发病。
不同品种南瓜对白粉病的抗性与组织结构研究表明:叶片表面的气孔数目和分生孢子的萌发率与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗病性呈负相关,而叶片表面气孔的大小和表面绒毛与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性无相关性。
以6个对白粉病有不同抗性的南瓜品种为材料,研究人工接菌后叶片叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶(P0D)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性的变化及其与抗病性的关系。叶绿素含量测定结果表明:南瓜叶片中叶绿素的含量与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性呈正相关,相关系数R2 = 0.9137,达极显著水平。酶活性测定结果表明:抗病和感病南瓜品种未接种白粉菌前,抗病品种三星的健康植株过氧化物酶(P0D)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)的活性均高于感病品种红福的活性,但是差异不显著;接种白粉病菌后,供试品种间叶片PAL活性和POD活性均升高,其中抗病品种间PAL活性升高幅度显著大于感病品种,其变化与病情指数呈负相关,而抗感品种的POD活性升高幅度差异不显著,但是抗病品种出现两次酶活性高峰,而感病品种只有一次酶活性高峰;POD活性和PAL活性与南瓜品种对白粉病的抗性密切相关。
Powdery mildew of pumpkin is a widespread disease worldwide, the long-standing problem of pumpkin production, to produce a certain result in economic losses as a pumpkin production of a limiting factor. The disease causing Pumpkin powdery mildew was observed and identified in WuWei districts of Gansu .The chief pathogens, according to microscopy, spore germination experiment and identification of the host response to infection, were identified as Sphaerotheca fuligine. And the determination of host range for the melon, cucumber, balsam pear, snake gourd, winter melon, pumpkin 10 categories for vaccination. The results showed that the region arising from Wuwei, Gansu Province pumpkin powdery mildew pathogen of melon, cucumber, bitter gourd, wax gourd, pumpkin and other 9 kinds of Cucurbitaceae force are infected, but non-infected sponge gourd force.
Resistance of ten Pumpkin cultivars to powdery mildew was studied by means of natural infection in the field and artificial inoculation in the laboratory. The results showed that the resistance to powdery mildew among the Pumpkin cultivars was significant different. Xanxing, Hongli and Tianli were resistant; Guangban,Tianran and Hongfu were susceptible. Moreover, the level of resistance to the disease between field natural elaluation and laboratory artificial inoculation was significant positive correlation.
The result indicated that the primary pathogen was ascus subphylum ,Sphaerotheca fuligine,the inoculation concentration was 2.5×105 to 5.0×l05 spores/mL,laying within 0.5h and the treatment of two euphylla, , the temperature for 25 to 30℃, the humidity in 80 to 90﹪is easiest to be taken bad of pumpkin.
The result showed that the resistance was negative correlated to stomatal number and the germination rate of conidia. Statistical analysis indicated that the stomatal density were not correlated with the resistance to powdery mildew in six pumpkin cultivars.
The variation of some biochemical index of pumpkin cultivars such as the content of chlorophyll, the activity of peroxidase (POD) and activity of phenylalnine ammonia-lysae were analyzed by testing pumpkin seedling whose leaves have been inoculated and uninoculated. The result showed that the resistance was positively correlated to the content of chlorophyll. And responses of peroxidase (POD) and phenylalnine ammonia-lysae (PAL) of pumpkin seedling leaves were analyzed after inoculation with Sphaerotheca fuligine. The results showed that the activities of POD and PAL of non-inoculated (CK) were similar among cultivars; The activities of POD and PAL in the susceptible cultivars increased more than that of resistant after inoculation with Sphaerotheca fuligine , and the changes were negatively correlated with the pumpkin resistance against powdery mildew , while the increasing rate of the activities of PAL in the susceptible was less than that of resistance after inoculation , and the changes were positively correlated with the resistance. And the activity of POD emerged two higher points after inoculation of resistant,but only one of susceptible.It was concluded that the changes of POD and PAL activities in the inoculated leaves were closely correlated with the pumpkin resistance against powdery mildew.
引文
[1]中国农业百科全书编辑部.中国农业百科全书(蔬菜卷) [M].北京:农业出版社,1990:713
[2]王洪伟,徐亚琴.南瓜功能成分研究进展[J] .长江蔬菜,2004,20(4):35～39
[3]王鸣.南瓜属——多样性(Diversity)之最.中国西瓜甜瓜,2002(3):42～45
[4]廖金海.南瓜白粉病的危害与防治技术.果蔬园艺.1998(6)
[5]陆军,苑小平.南瓜主要病害防治技术探讨.2004(4):8～9
[6]周克琴,崔崇士,屈淑平.籽用南瓜疫病苗期抗性鉴定方法的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,20136,26(2):164～167
[7]刘秀波,张俊华,崔崇士.南瓜白粉病病原菌鉴定及抗性鉴定方法研究[J].中国瓜菜,2006(1):10～l3
[8]刘秀波,崔琦,崔崇士.瓜类白粉病抗性育种研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2005,36(6):794～798
[9]徐东辉,崔崇士,张耀伟.南瓜优势育种及遗传规律的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报, 2004,(05)
[10]冯东听.主要瓜类作物抗白粉病育种研究进展[J] .中国蔬菜,1996,1:55～59
[11] Sitterly WR.Powdery mildew of eucurbits[C]// SPENCER DM.Powdefy Mildews. London:Aeaden'fic Press,1978:359～379
[12] Sitterly WR.Powdery mildew of cucurbits[M]// Spencer DM. The Powdery Mildews. New York:Academic.1998:359～379
[13] Vakalounakis DJ. Klironomou E, Papadakis A. Species spectrum, host range anddistribution of powdery mildews on Cucurbitaceae in Grete[J]. Plant Pathol, 1994, 43:813～818
[14]郑儒永.1987,中国真菌志,自粉菌目,科技出版社
[15] Sawada. K,1927. Rep.Dep.Agric.Res.Inst.Formosa.24
[16] Ballantyne. B,1975. Powdery mildew on Cucurbiraceae:Identity, distribution, host range and sources of resistance. Proc.Linn.Soc.New S Wales 99:100～120
[17] Kahn. M,1978. Coccinia cordlfolia and Lagenaria leucanthe, differential hosts for powdery Mildews of cucurbits.Plant Dis.Rep.47:482
[18] Thomas.C.E,1988. physilogical specialization in downy and powdery mildews of the ucarpia meeting on cucurbit genetics and freedly Align cucurbit genetics and breeding. Avigaon rance
[19] Dixon G. R, 1987. Vegetable Crop disease Macmillan Publishers LTD, London and Basing toke
[20]阮洪家.瓜类白粉病的发生与防治.安徽农业.2002(10):24
[21]唐伯让,朱文珍.小麦离体叶段鉴定白粉病抗性方法的研究[J] .植物保护学报,1995,22 (4):310～314
[22]刘爱媛.离体叶片鉴定白粉病抗性方法[J] .植物保护学报,2002,29 (2):119～132
[23]张振文,李华.欧亚种葡萄白粉病抗性鉴定方法研究[J] .四川农业大学学报,1996,14 (3):331～334
[26]王锡峰.小麦白粉病菌生理小种及其致病性测定[J] .植物保护,1995, 22(6): 349～351
[25]李永顺.小麦白粉病生理小种研究初报[J] .贵州农业科学,1980, (3): 49～51
[26]吴明藻.贵州小麦白粉病菌生理小种的研究[J] .贵州农业科学,1981, (5): 29～52
[27]司权民.小麦白粉病菌的生理小种的鉴定[J] .植物保护,1987, 22(4): 216～219
[28]盛宝钦.我国小麦白粉病生理小种的变异动态[J] .植物病理学报,1995, 14 (4): 215～218
[29]张新心.小麦白粉病菌生理小种动态监测和种群毒性区系研究[J] .中国农业大学学报,1993,2 (5):41～46
[30]周益林.小麦白粉菌毒性侦探[J].植物保护学报,1992, 18 (6): 17～18
[31]段霞瑜.小麦白粉菌生理小种的鉴定与病菌毒性的监测[J].植物保护学报,1998,25 (1):31～36
[32] O'Dell,et al.Molecular variation in populations of Erysiphe graminis on barley, oats and ye[J]. Plant Pathol,1989,38:340～361
[33] McDermott,J.M. et al.Molecular markers and the population biology of fungal populations. Proc.8th European and Mediterranean Cereal Rusts and Mildews Conference,Spet. [J]. Weihenstephan,Germany, 1992,2～4
[34]段霞瑜.小麦白粉菌群体多样性DNA分子标记的研究[D].中国农业大学博士论文,1998
[35]刘金元,陶文静,段霞瑜等.分子标记辅助鉴定小麦抗白粉病品种所含Pm基[J].植物病理学报,2000,30 (2):133～139
[36] Manners, J. G. Principples of plant pathology. England[M]. Cambridge university press, 1982
[37] Partridge, J.E.Rust of dry bean[J]. Plant disease, 1997, on-line
[38] Siwecki,R.et al.Resistance mechanisms between poplars and rust. In: Resistance to disease and pests in forest trees, 1980,130～142
[39]周淑清,侯天爵,白儒等.苜蓿品种抗锈性评价[J].中国草地,1996,(5): 27～31
[40]韩正敏,尹伶明.杨树过氧化物酶、气孔密度和大小与黑斑病抗性的关系[J].南京林业大学学报,1998,22 (4): 91～93
[41]谢文华,谢大森.棱角丝瓜不同品种对霜霉病抗性的相关研究[J].华南农业大学学报,1999,20(2):28～31
[42]潘汝谦.黄瓜对霜霉病的抗性与叶绿素含量、气孔密度的相关性[J].上海交通大学学报,2004,22(4):381～384
[43]徐秉良,邢会琴.苜蓿对白粉病的抗性与叶绿素含量的关系[J].草业科学,2005,22(4): 72～74
[44] Parish,R.W. The intracellular location of phenol oxidasein stem of spinach beat(Beta vulgaris L.), Z Pflanzenphysiol.,1972,66:176～188
[45] Manoranjan,K.and Dinabandhu,M. Catalase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenoloxidase activities during Rice leaf Senescence [J].Plant Physic., 1976, 57: 315～319
[46] Daly,J.M.,LadIen,P.,Seevers,P.Physiology Plant Pathology [M],1971,1:397～401
[47] Veech,J.A.Phytopathology [M].1969,59:566～57
[48] Stavely,Hanson.Pathogenicity and morphology of isolates of Erysiphe poligoni[J]. Phytopathology,1996,(56):309～318
[49]李敏权.苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病的病原及种质抗病性的研究[D] .甘肃农业大学博士论文,2002
[50] Pennypacker,B.W., Knievel,D.Ret al. Impact of Verticillium albo-atrum and photosynthetic photo fulx density on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase in resistant alfalfa[J].Phytopathology, 1995,85 (2 ): 132
[51]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究工[J].植物生理学报.1981, 7 (4): 373
[52]薛应龙,欧阳光察,澳绍根.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究[J].植物生理学报.1983, 9 (3 ):301～305
[53]刘会宁,朱建强,万幼新.几个欧亚种葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性鉴定[J].上海农业学报,2001, 17(3 ): 64～67
[54]刘庆元,朱燕民.黄瓜不同品种抗霜霉病机理的初步研究[J].河南农学院学报,1984, (3):56～59
[55]李淑菊,吕淑珍,马德华.黄瓜对黑星病的抗性机理[J].华北农学报,1997,12(2):121～124.
[56]黄金生,王连荣,于学书.大麦病叶片中叶绿体的超微结构[J] .植物学报,1986, 28 (4):444～445
[57] KUZUYA M,H0SOYA K,YASHIRO K,et a1.Powdery mildew resistance in melon is seleclable at the haploid level [J].Jounal of Experimental Botany,2003, 54(384):1069～1074
[58]郑儒永,余永年.中国真菌志,第一卷(白粉菌目) [M].北京:科学出版社.1987
[59] Kahn.M,1978,Coccinia cordlfolia and Lagenaria leucanthe, differential hosts for powdery mildewsof cucurbits.Plant Dis.Rep.47:482
[60] Zaracovitis.C, 1965, Attempts to identify powdery mildew fungi by conidia characters, 48(4):553～558
[61]王建设,唐晓薇.甜瓜白粉病抗源鉴定与抗性遗传分析[J].华北农学报.2002,17(3):124～128
[62]王建设,陈杭.甜瓜抗白粉病鉴定[J].华北农学报.2000,15(1) :125～128
[63]范海延,李宝聚,吕春茂等.葡聚六糖诱导黄瓜抗霜霉病的研究[J].植物保护.2003,29(1):14～16
[64]李树德.中国主要蔬菜抗病育种进展[J].北京:科学出版社.1999:436—438
[65]张玉勋,焦自高.厚皮甜瓜白粉病苗期接种方法及抗性鉴定[J].北方园艺.2002,(1):48
[66]刘秀波,张俊华,崔崇士.南瓜白粉病病原鉴定及抗性鉴定方法[J].中国瓜菜.2006(1):10～12
[67]方中达.植病研究法[M] .北京:农业出版社,1998
[68]董毅敏,徐建华,郭季芳.抗病和感病南瓜品种感染白粉病菌后几种酶活性的变化[J].植物学报.1990,32(2):160～164
[69]苗则彦,赵奎华,刘长远.葡萄抗感白腐病品种PAL酶、PPO酶和SOD酶活性比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003,06,34(3):177～180
[70] Parish,R.W.The intracellular location of phenol oxidasein stem of spinach beat(Beta vulgaris L.), Z. Pflanzenphysiol.,1972,66:176～188
[71]沈其益,阎隆飞,李庆基.棉花感染枯萎病后过氧化物酶同工酶的变化[J].植物学报,1978,20(1):108～113
[72] Daly,J.M.,LadIen, P., Seevers, P. Physiology Plant Pathology[M],1971,1:397～401
[73] Veech,J.A.Phytopathology[M].1969,59:566～571
[74]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅰ[ J].植物生理学报.1981,7 (4):373
[75]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅱ[J].植物生理学报.1982, 8 (1):35
[76]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅲ[ J].植物生理学报.1982,8 (3):273
[77] Asada,Y.,Matsumoto,1.Formation of lignin in the root tissue of japanese radish affected by Allernaria japonica[J].Phytopathology,1967,57:1339～1440
[78]杨家书,吴畏,吴友二等.植物苯丙酸类代谢与小麦对白粉病抗性的关系[J].植物病理学报,1986,16 (3):169～173
[79] Sitterly WR.Powdery mildew of cucurbits[M]. // Spencer DM.The Powdery Mildews. New York:Academic.1998: 359～379.
[80] Xu Zhihao,Shou Weilin,Huang Kaimei,et a1.Determination of physiological race of powdery mildew and its virulence to diferent melon genotypes[J]. Acta Agriculture Zhejiangensis,1999,11(5):245～248.
[81]刘秀波,张俊华,崔崇士.南瓜白粉病病原菌鉴定及抗性鉴定方法研究[J].中国瓜菜,2006(1):10～l3
[82] Chance B , Maehly A C. Assay of catalase and peroxidases [J].Methods Enzymol. , 1955 , 2: 764～775
[83] Ford T W, Simon E W. Peroxida2se and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels in cotyledons of Cucumis stativa[J]. J Exp. Bot. , 1972 , 23: 423～437
[84] Koike M ,Nanbu K. Phenylalanine ammonia layase activity in alfalfa suspension cultures treated with conidia and elicitors of Verticillium alboatrum [J]. Biologia Plantarum, 1997 , 39:349～350
[85] Pennypacker B W, Knieve D P, Risuis M L , et al. Photo-syn-thetic photon flux density patho geninteraction in growth of alfalfa infected with Verticillium alboatrum[J]. Phytopa-thology , 1994 , 84: 1350～1358
[86]李淑琴,张明厚.黑龙江省南瓜白粉病的发生与流行[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,28(3):261-262.
[2]王洪伟,徐亚琴.南瓜功能成分研究进展[J] .长江蔬菜,2004,20(4):35～39
[3]王鸣.南瓜属——多样性(Diversity)之最.中国西瓜甜瓜,2002(3):42～45
[4]廖金海.南瓜白粉病的危害与防治技术.果蔬园艺.1998(6)
[5]陆军,苑小平.南瓜主要病害防治技术探讨.2004(4):8～9
[6]周克琴,崔崇士,屈淑平.籽用南瓜疫病苗期抗性鉴定方法的研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,20136,26(2):164～167
[7]刘秀波,张俊华,崔崇士.南瓜白粉病病原菌鉴定及抗性鉴定方法研究[J].中国瓜菜,2006(1):10～l3
[8]刘秀波,崔琦,崔崇士.瓜类白粉病抗性育种研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报,2005,36(6):794～798
[9]徐东辉,崔崇士,张耀伟.南瓜优势育种及遗传规律的研究进展[J].东北农业大学学报, 2004,(05)
[10]冯东听.主要瓜类作物抗白粉病育种研究进展[J] .中国蔬菜,1996,1:55～59
[11] Sitterly WR.Powdery mildew of eucurbits[C]// SPENCER DM.Powdefy Mildews. London:Aeaden'fic Press,1978:359～379
[12] Sitterly WR.Powdery mildew of cucurbits[M]// Spencer DM. The Powdery Mildews. New York:Academic.1998:359～379
[13] Vakalounakis DJ. Klironomou E, Papadakis A. Species spectrum, host range anddistribution of powdery mildews on Cucurbitaceae in Grete[J]. Plant Pathol, 1994, 43:813～818
[14]郑儒永.1987,中国真菌志,自粉菌目,科技出版社
[15] Sawada. K,1927. Rep.Dep.Agric.Res.Inst.Formosa.24
[16] Ballantyne. B,1975. Powdery mildew on Cucurbiraceae:Identity, distribution, host range and sources of resistance. Proc.Linn.Soc.New S Wales 99:100～120
[17] Kahn. M,1978. Coccinia cordlfolia and Lagenaria leucanthe, differential hosts for powdery Mildews of cucurbits.Plant Dis.Rep.47:482
[18] Thomas.C.E,1988. physilogical specialization in downy and powdery mildews of the ucarpia meeting on cucurbit genetics and freedly Align cucurbit genetics and breeding. Avigaon rance
[19] Dixon G. R, 1987. Vegetable Crop disease Macmillan Publishers LTD, London and Basing toke
[20]阮洪家.瓜类白粉病的发生与防治.安徽农业.2002(10):24
[21]唐伯让,朱文珍.小麦离体叶段鉴定白粉病抗性方法的研究[J] .植物保护学报,1995,22 (4):310～314
[22]刘爱媛.离体叶片鉴定白粉病抗性方法[J] .植物保护学报,2002,29 (2):119～132
[23]张振文,李华.欧亚种葡萄白粉病抗性鉴定方法研究[J] .四川农业大学学报,1996,14 (3):331～334
[26]王锡峰.小麦白粉病菌生理小种及其致病性测定[J] .植物保护,1995, 22(6): 349～351
[25]李永顺.小麦白粉病生理小种研究初报[J] .贵州农业科学,1980, (3): 49～51
[26]吴明藻.贵州小麦白粉病菌生理小种的研究[J] .贵州农业科学,1981, (5): 29～52
[27]司权民.小麦白粉病菌的生理小种的鉴定[J] .植物保护,1987, 22(4): 216～219
[28]盛宝钦.我国小麦白粉病生理小种的变异动态[J] .植物病理学报,1995, 14 (4): 215～218
[29]张新心.小麦白粉病菌生理小种动态监测和种群毒性区系研究[J] .中国农业大学学报,1993,2 (5):41～46
[30]周益林.小麦白粉菌毒性侦探[J].植物保护学报,1992, 18 (6): 17～18
[31]段霞瑜.小麦白粉菌生理小种的鉴定与病菌毒性的监测[J].植物保护学报,1998,25 (1):31～36
[32] O'Dell,et al.Molecular variation in populations of Erysiphe graminis on barley, oats and ye[J]. Plant Pathol,1989,38:340～361
[33] McDermott,J.M. et al.Molecular markers and the population biology of fungal populations. Proc.8th European and Mediterranean Cereal Rusts and Mildews Conference,Spet. [J]. Weihenstephan,Germany, 1992,2～4
[34]段霞瑜.小麦白粉菌群体多样性DNA分子标记的研究[D].中国农业大学博士论文,1998
[35]刘金元,陶文静,段霞瑜等.分子标记辅助鉴定小麦抗白粉病品种所含Pm基[J].植物病理学报,2000,30 (2):133～139
[36] Manners, J. G. Principples of plant pathology. England[M]. Cambridge university press, 1982
[37] Partridge, J.E.Rust of dry bean[J]. Plant disease, 1997, on-line
[38] Siwecki,R.et al.Resistance mechanisms between poplars and rust. In: Resistance to disease and pests in forest trees, 1980,130～142
[39]周淑清,侯天爵,白儒等.苜蓿品种抗锈性评价[J].中国草地,1996,(5): 27～31
[40]韩正敏,尹伶明.杨树过氧化物酶、气孔密度和大小与黑斑病抗性的关系[J].南京林业大学学报,1998,22 (4): 91～93
[41]谢文华,谢大森.棱角丝瓜不同品种对霜霉病抗性的相关研究[J].华南农业大学学报,1999,20(2):28～31
[42]潘汝谦.黄瓜对霜霉病的抗性与叶绿素含量、气孔密度的相关性[J].上海交通大学学报,2004,22(4):381～384
[43]徐秉良,邢会琴.苜蓿对白粉病的抗性与叶绿素含量的关系[J].草业科学,2005,22(4): 72～74
[44] Parish,R.W. The intracellular location of phenol oxidasein stem of spinach beat(Beta vulgaris L.), Z Pflanzenphysiol.,1972,66:176～188
[45] Manoranjan,K.and Dinabandhu,M. Catalase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenoloxidase activities during Rice leaf Senescence [J].Plant Physic., 1976, 57: 315～319
[46] Daly,J.M.,LadIen,P.,Seevers,P.Physiology Plant Pathology [M],1971,1:397～401
[47] Veech,J.A.Phytopathology [M].1969,59:566～57
[48] Stavely,Hanson.Pathogenicity and morphology of isolates of Erysiphe poligoni[J]. Phytopathology,1996,(56):309～318
[49]李敏权.苜蓿根和根颈腐烂病的病原及种质抗病性的研究[D] .甘肃农业大学博士论文,2002
[50] Pennypacker,B.W., Knievel,D.Ret al. Impact of Verticillium albo-atrum and photosynthetic photo fulx density on ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase in resistant alfalfa[J].Phytopathology, 1995,85 (2 ): 132
[51]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究工[J].植物生理学报.1981, 7 (4): 373
[52]薛应龙,欧阳光察,澳绍根.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究[J].植物生理学报.1983, 9 (3 ):301～305
[53]刘会宁,朱建强,万幼新.几个欧亚种葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性鉴定[J].上海农业学报,2001, 17(3 ): 64～67
[54]刘庆元,朱燕民.黄瓜不同品种抗霜霉病机理的初步研究[J].河南农学院学报,1984, (3):56～59
[55]李淑菊,吕淑珍,马德华.黄瓜对黑星病的抗性机理[J].华北农学报,1997,12(2):121～124.
[56]黄金生,王连荣,于学书.大麦病叶片中叶绿体的超微结构[J] .植物学报,1986, 28 (4):444～445
[57] KUZUYA M,H0SOYA K,YASHIRO K,et a1.Powdery mildew resistance in melon is seleclable at the haploid level [J].Jounal of Experimental Botany,2003, 54(384):1069～1074
[58]郑儒永,余永年.中国真菌志,第一卷(白粉菌目) [M].北京:科学出版社.1987
[59] Kahn.M,1978,Coccinia cordlfolia and Lagenaria leucanthe, differential hosts for powdery mildewsof cucurbits.Plant Dis.Rep.47:482
[60] Zaracovitis.C, 1965, Attempts to identify powdery mildew fungi by conidia characters, 48(4):553～558
[61]王建设,唐晓薇.甜瓜白粉病抗源鉴定与抗性遗传分析[J].华北农学报.2002,17(3):124～128
[62]王建设,陈杭.甜瓜抗白粉病鉴定[J].华北农学报.2000,15(1) :125～128
[63]范海延,李宝聚,吕春茂等.葡聚六糖诱导黄瓜抗霜霉病的研究[J].植物保护.2003,29(1):14～16
[64]李树德.中国主要蔬菜抗病育种进展[J].北京:科学出版社.1999:436—438
[65]张玉勋,焦自高.厚皮甜瓜白粉病苗期接种方法及抗性鉴定[J].北方园艺.2002,(1):48
[66]刘秀波,张俊华,崔崇士.南瓜白粉病病原鉴定及抗性鉴定方法[J].中国瓜菜.2006(1):10～12
[67]方中达.植病研究法[M] .北京:农业出版社,1998
[68]董毅敏,徐建华,郭季芳.抗病和感病南瓜品种感染白粉病菌后几种酶活性的变化[J].植物学报.1990,32(2):160～164
[69]苗则彦,赵奎华,刘长远.葡萄抗感白腐病品种PAL酶、PPO酶和SOD酶活性比较[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2003,06,34(3):177～180
[70] Parish,R.W.The intracellular location of phenol oxidasein stem of spinach beat(Beta vulgaris L.), Z. Pflanzenphysiol.,1972,66:176～188
[71]沈其益,阎隆飞,李庆基.棉花感染枯萎病后过氧化物酶同工酶的变化[J].植物学报,1978,20(1):108～113
[72] Daly,J.M.,LadIen, P., Seevers, P. Physiology Plant Pathology[M],1971,1:397～401
[73] Veech,J.A.Phytopathology[M].1969,59:566～571
[74]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅰ[ J].植物生理学报.1981,7 (4):373
[75]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅱ[J].植物生理学报.1982, 8 (1):35
[76]王敬文,薛应龙.植物苯丙氨酸解氨酶的研究Ⅲ[ J].植物生理学报.1982,8 (3):273
[77] Asada,Y.,Matsumoto,1.Formation of lignin in the root tissue of japanese radish affected by Allernaria japonica[J].Phytopathology,1967,57:1339～1440
[78]杨家书,吴畏,吴友二等.植物苯丙酸类代谢与小麦对白粉病抗性的关系[J].植物病理学报,1986,16 (3):169～173
[79] Sitterly WR.Powdery mildew of cucurbits[M]. // Spencer DM.The Powdery Mildews. New York:Academic.1998: 359～379.
[80] Xu Zhihao,Shou Weilin,Huang Kaimei,et a1.Determination of physiological race of powdery mildew and its virulence to diferent melon genotypes[J]. Acta Agriculture Zhejiangensis,1999,11(5):245～248.
[81]刘秀波,张俊华,崔崇士.南瓜白粉病病原菌鉴定及抗性鉴定方法研究[J].中国瓜菜,2006(1):10～l3
[82] Chance B , Maehly A C. Assay of catalase and peroxidases [J].Methods Enzymol. , 1955 , 2: 764～775
[83] Ford T W, Simon E W. Peroxida2se and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels in cotyledons of Cucumis stativa[J]. J Exp. Bot. , 1972 , 23: 423～437
[84] Koike M ,Nanbu K. Phenylalanine ammonia layase activity in alfalfa suspension cultures treated with conidia and elicitors of Verticillium alboatrum [J]. Biologia Plantarum, 1997 , 39:349～350
[85] Pennypacker B W, Knieve D P, Risuis M L , et al. Photo-syn-thetic photon flux density patho geninteraction in growth of alfalfa infected with Verticillium alboatrum[J]. Phytopa-thology , 1994 , 84: 1350～1358
[86]李淑琴,张明厚.黑龙江省南瓜白粉病的发生与流行[J].东北农业大学学报,2004,28(3):261-262.