可持续发展城市住区公共空间的“培育型”规划策略研究
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摘要
在城市住区空间结构当中，公共空间体系作为住区功能网络结构的“关节和枢纽”，在提高居住生态环境品质和公共设施服务水平、促进邻里交往和地域文化的发展、展示城市风貌等方面发挥巨大的作用。对城市住区公共空间体系规划的深入研究是当代建设城市和谐人居环境的需要。传统住区规划单纯注重空间形态控制的“蓝图式”和“最终状态”的规划设计模式，在实施过程中暴露出对社会发展变化适应性差、系统协调性差的缺点。“培育型规划”概念的提出是基于这样一种认识，即城市规划的目标不是为了使城市空间发展达到某种设想的终极状态，而是使城市建立起有利于城市空间科学发展的经营、管理、辅助机制，使在此基础上建立起的城市空间体系能够适应城市多样化发展的要求以及不断发展变化的需求，使城市社会具有持续发展的活力。
“培育型”住区公共空间规划策略是建立在住区整体发展多重目标体系之下，全面采取住区公共空间规划、软环境建设策略群，以培育具有可持续发展特征的住区公共“空间容器”和敏感、高效的社区经营管理机制为目标的规划模式。“培育型”城市住区公共空间规划策略(或称策略群)由三大部分组成:①空间策略—构建开放的城市社区;②“软环境”建设策略—建立地域多方参与的社区公共事务决策和管理机制;③规划编制、实施策略—敏感设计模式的建立。
论文首先通过对国外近现代城市住区的建设发展过程和思想演变进行分析，归纳总结了当代国外城市住区公共空间发展和住区“软环境”建设的策略;然后从天津市城市住区发展的历史和现状入手，分析了天津城市住区空间发展存在的普遍问题和新、旧区发展的重点问题，寻找解决天津城市住区公共空间发展问题的关键性切入点;进而以天津近郊新城组团为例，明确提出了建立“培育型”住区公共空间体系和社区发展机制的具体策略;最后通过作者参与的天津市静海团泊新城总体城市设计项目，探讨可持续发展的城市住区公共空间规划策略和措施在规划实践当中的应用途径。
In the space structure of an urban residential community, the public open space system functioning as joints and hubs of a functional network, highly contributes to the quality of the eco-system, the public service, the neighborhood communication, the urban scene and the development of the local culture. The traditional planning model merely focuses on thetraditional blue print style and final state style community planning which often leads to lack of flexibility of adapting the community to the changing social development and lack of harmony in the system itself. The cultivation-oriented community planning is basedon a concept that the aims of urban planning are not to reform the city to reach an assumed ultimate state, but to establish a system that can operate, manage, and assist the city development towards a sustainable state. Such cultivation would enable the urban public space to adapt itself to oncoming new needs and changing circumstances, and to meet the need of the development of urban diversification.
The strategies of open space planning for cultivation-orientedcommunity are based on the purposes of community development in its entirety. By adopting the comprehensive-space and soft-policy, the cultivation-oriented community planning strategies areto establish the community public open space as a container or holder of sustainable neighborhood development. The strategies of open space planning of cultivation-oriented community contain three parts:space strategy aiming at forming an open community structure;soft-environment strategy for establishing a local multi-stakeholderdecision-making and governing system for public affairs and community service; plan making and implementing strategy for sensitive design.
The thesis takes Tianjin as an example, analyses its general problemsin urban community development and its own problem of new and old communities. By identifying its key problems, the thesis gives some advice,concerning the new Tianjin sub-rural large-scale residential communities,on how Tianjin should develop its urban community sustainable developmentstrategies both for space and soft-environment development based on its social condition and context. In the last part, the case of the Tuanbo New Town Development Project is illustrated as an attempt of real-life application, and a further discussion is then put forward on how the cultivation-oriented community open space planning strategies should be properly applied in reality.
“培育型”住区公共空间规划策略是建立在住区整体发展多重目标体系之下，全面采取住区公共空间规划、软环境建设策略群，以培育具有可持续发展特征的住区公共“空间容器”和敏感、高效的社区经营管理机制为目标的规划模式。“培育型”城市住区公共空间规划策略(或称策略群)由三大部分组成:①空间策略—构建开放的城市社区;②“软环境”建设策略—建立地域多方参与的社区公共事务决策和管理机制;③规划编制、实施策略—敏感设计模式的建立。
论文首先通过对国外近现代城市住区的建设发展过程和思想演变进行分析，归纳总结了当代国外城市住区公共空间发展和住区“软环境”建设的策略;然后从天津市城市住区发展的历史和现状入手，分析了天津城市住区空间发展存在的普遍问题和新、旧区发展的重点问题，寻找解决天津城市住区公共空间发展问题的关键性切入点;进而以天津近郊新城组团为例，明确提出了建立“培育型”住区公共空间体系和社区发展机制的具体策略;最后通过作者参与的天津市静海团泊新城总体城市设计项目，探讨可持续发展的城市住区公共空间规划策略和措施在规划实践当中的应用途径。
In the space structure of an urban residential community, the public open space system functioning as joints and hubs of a functional network, highly contributes to the quality of the eco-system, the public service, the neighborhood communication, the urban scene and the development of the local culture. The traditional planning model merely focuses on thetraditional blue print style and final state style community planning which often leads to lack of flexibility of adapting the community to the changing social development and lack of harmony in the system itself. The cultivation-oriented community planning is basedon a concept that the aims of urban planning are not to reform the city to reach an assumed ultimate state, but to establish a system that can operate, manage, and assist the city development towards a sustainable state. Such cultivation would enable the urban public space to adapt itself to oncoming new needs and changing circumstances, and to meet the need of the development of urban diversification.
The strategies of open space planning for cultivation-orientedcommunity are based on the purposes of community development in its entirety. By adopting the comprehensive-space and soft-policy, the cultivation-oriented community planning strategies areto establish the community public open space as a container or holder of sustainable neighborhood development. The strategies of open space planning of cultivation-oriented community contain three parts:space strategy aiming at forming an open community structure;soft-environment strategy for establishing a local multi-stakeholderdecision-making and governing system for public affairs and community service; plan making and implementing strategy for sensitive design.
The thesis takes Tianjin as an example, analyses its general problemsin urban community development and its own problem of new and old communities. By identifying its key problems, the thesis gives some advice,concerning the new Tianjin sub-rural large-scale residential communities,on how Tianjin should develop its urban community sustainable developmentstrategies both for space and soft-environment development based on its social condition and context. In the last part, the case of the Tuanbo New Town Development Project is illustrated as an attempt of real-life application, and a further discussion is then put forward on how the cultivation-oriented community open space planning strategies should be properly applied in reality.
引文
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