混合励磁永磁发电机及其控制系统的设计研究
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摘要
本文围绕混合励磁永磁发电机(HEPMG)系统的设计研究展开，所做工作主要包括以下几部分：
首先，在可比条件下，对各种结构的混合励磁永磁发电机进行了综合分析比较，得出适合于发电机的结构，并对原有结构加以改进。
其次，为提高HEPMG电磁计算的准确性，对影响电磁计算准确性的若干关键问题进行了研究。考虑磁路饱和、磁极形状等因素的影响，利用电磁场数值解法对电磁计算中的有关系数，包括漏磁系数、计算极弧系数、气隙系数等进行了分析研究，给出了工程实用的曲线。利用解析法对永磁体和铁磁体多支路并联磁路的交、直轴电抗进行了推导，给出了满足工程设计精度的计算方法。对具有多条并联支路的磁路进行了分析研究，给出了其计算程序。在上述工作的基础上，开发了“混合励磁永磁发电机电磁计算CAD软件”，并进行了试验验证，证明了所做工作的有效性和正确性。
对影响HEPMG性能的关键参数进行了计算研究，总结了参数设计规律；提出了HEPMG中永磁体和电励磁的负荷分配原则并给出了估算方法；分析了提高HEPMG功率密度和降低电动势波形正弦畸变率的措施。在上述工作的基础上，设计开发了额定功率分别为1.2kW和7.5kW的样机。
建立了HEPMG系统的数学模型，并对其进行了动、稳态性能仿真研究。对起动过程和稳定运行时电机的性能进行了数字仿真；研究了负载突变时的电机性能；提出了降低电机短路时危害的有关措施。
最后，结合HEPMG的工作原理，采用了合适的控制方法。简要阐述了所设计HEPMG电励磁控制系统的基本组成和具体实现过程。通过实验验证了本系统工作正确、可靠。
The research of the thesis is carried out around the development of hybrid exciting permanent magnet generator (HEPMG) and its control system. Five parts are included:
First of all, the configuration was selected after draw an integrated comparison of among existent structure under appropriate condition. Then the selected configuration is ameliorated.
Then to improve the accuracy of electromagnetic calculation, a series of key problems, which affect the calculation accuracy, is studied. Considering the effects of saturation, pole shape, some important coefficients including the effective pole-arc coefficient, the leakage coefficient, the air-gap coefficient are analyzed by electromagnetic method, and a series of useful curves are given. The q-axis and d-axis reactance, in which is parallel structure with several branches, is studied by analytical method. And calculation methods are given. Based on the above studies, HEPMG electromagnetic computer-aided design software is developed and verified by test results.
Some key parameters to affect HEPMG performance are studied and some design rules are given. The principle of load distribution and estimate calculation of permanent magnet and electrical exciting are given. Methods of improving the power density and weakening aberration rate of sine wave are research. Being based on the above studies, two prototypes are developed of rated power are 7.5kW and 1.5kW.
The digital simulation model of HEPMG system is given and simulation software is programmed. Then operate on performances of HEPMG system are studied in details through simulation. And method to reduce harm of short circuit is analyzed.
Finally, proper control method was adapted, according to the theory of HEPMG. And control system is introduced briefly. It was proved by test.
首先，在可比条件下，对各种结构的混合励磁永磁发电机进行了综合分析比较，得出适合于发电机的结构，并对原有结构加以改进。
其次，为提高HEPMG电磁计算的准确性，对影响电磁计算准确性的若干关键问题进行了研究。考虑磁路饱和、磁极形状等因素的影响，利用电磁场数值解法对电磁计算中的有关系数，包括漏磁系数、计算极弧系数、气隙系数等进行了分析研究，给出了工程实用的曲线。利用解析法对永磁体和铁磁体多支路并联磁路的交、直轴电抗进行了推导，给出了满足工程设计精度的计算方法。对具有多条并联支路的磁路进行了分析研究，给出了其计算程序。在上述工作的基础上，开发了“混合励磁永磁发电机电磁计算CAD软件”，并进行了试验验证，证明了所做工作的有效性和正确性。
对影响HEPMG性能的关键参数进行了计算研究，总结了参数设计规律；提出了HEPMG中永磁体和电励磁的负荷分配原则并给出了估算方法；分析了提高HEPMG功率密度和降低电动势波形正弦畸变率的措施。在上述工作的基础上，设计开发了额定功率分别为1.2kW和7.5kW的样机。
建立了HEPMG系统的数学模型，并对其进行了动、稳态性能仿真研究。对起动过程和稳定运行时电机的性能进行了数字仿真；研究了负载突变时的电机性能；提出了降低电机短路时危害的有关措施。
最后，结合HEPMG的工作原理，采用了合适的控制方法。简要阐述了所设计HEPMG电励磁控制系统的基本组成和具体实现过程。通过实验验证了本系统工作正确、可靠。
The research of the thesis is carried out around the development of hybrid exciting permanent magnet generator (HEPMG) and its control system. Five parts are included:
First of all, the configuration was selected after draw an integrated comparison of among existent structure under appropriate condition. Then the selected configuration is ameliorated.
Then to improve the accuracy of electromagnetic calculation, a series of key problems, which affect the calculation accuracy, is studied. Considering the effects of saturation, pole shape, some important coefficients including the effective pole-arc coefficient, the leakage coefficient, the air-gap coefficient are analyzed by electromagnetic method, and a series of useful curves are given. The q-axis and d-axis reactance, in which is parallel structure with several branches, is studied by analytical method. And calculation methods are given. Based on the above studies, HEPMG electromagnetic computer-aided design software is developed and verified by test results.
Some key parameters to affect HEPMG performance are studied and some design rules are given. The principle of load distribution and estimate calculation of permanent magnet and electrical exciting are given. Methods of improving the power density and weakening aberration rate of sine wave are research. Being based on the above studies, two prototypes are developed of rated power are 7.5kW and 1.5kW.
The digital simulation model of HEPMG system is given and simulation software is programmed. Then operate on performances of HEPMG system are studied in details through simulation. And method to reduce harm of short circuit is analyzed.
Finally, proper control method was adapted, according to the theory of HEPMG. And control system is introduced briefly. It was proved by test.
引文
[1] 唐任远等．现代永磁电机理论与设计．北京：机械工业出版社，1997
[2] 积极开发和大力推广稀土永磁电机．第六界全国永磁电机学术交流会．吉林．1998：1～7
[3] M. Aziaru Rahman, Ping Zhou. Advances in Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines: A Review. CICEM' 95, Hangzhou, China: 366～373
[4] 李声晋，陈法善．航空用稀土永磁电机的发展．1994年全国永磁电机学术交流会论文集．北京．1994：9～12
[5] 田忠元，李钟明等．稀土永磁电机航空航天应用现状及发展．第六界全国永磁电机学术交流会．吉林．1998：14～19
[6] 陈俊峰．永磁电机．北京：机械工业出版社，1982
[7] Y. Amara, J. Lucidarme, et al. A New Topology of Hybrid Synchronous Machine. IEEE Trans. IA. 2001,37(5): 1273～1281
[8] B.K.Bose. Power electronics and motion control-technology status and recent trends. IEEE Trans. Ind.Appl., 1993, 29 (5):902～909
[9] 万文斌．高恒功率调速比永磁同步电动机传动系统的研究．沈阳工业大学博士学位论文．2001
[10] 杨铮．变速恒压恒频交流励磁发电机系统在风力发电中的应用．中国电工学会第六次会议论文集
[11] 窦一平，陈海镇．组合励磁稀土永磁同步发电机的基本原理设计方法．中小型电机．2001，28(4)：20～28
[12] N. Naoe, T. Fukami. Trial Production of a Hybrid Excitation Type Synchronous Machine. Proceedings of IEMDC'2001, France: International Academic Publishers, 2001: 545～547
[13] Yasuryki sugii, Masayuki Yada, Soichi Koga. Applicability of Various to Electric Vehicles(EV). 日本，电动车会议论文集(EVS-13), 1996
[14] 张宏杰．混合励磁永磁同步发电机设计与研究．沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文．2000
[15] G. Henneberger, J. R. H, et al. Design and Test of Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Motor with Auxiliary Excitation Winding for Electric Vehicle Application. Proc. European Power Electronics Chapter Symp, Lausanne, Switzerland. 1994: 645-649
[16] C. D. Syverson. Hybrid Alternator. U.S. Patent 5397975, Mar. 14, 1995
[17] J. Lucidarme, M. Gabsi, et al. Rotating Electric Machine with Improved Double Excitation. International Patent W00035065, June 15, 2000.
[18] Y. Amara, K. Oujehani, et al. Flux weakening of Hybrid Synchronous Machines. Proceedings of IEMDC'2001, France: International Academic Publishers. 2001: 367～373
[19] 黄文新，陈海镇．混合励磁永磁发电机及其设计．微特电机．1996，4：9～12
[20] Dou Yiping, Chen Haizhen. A Design Research for Hybrid Excitation Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator. ICEMS'2001 ShenYang. 2001:856～859
[21] Zhang Hongjie, Li Qingfu, An Zhongliang, Tang Renyuan. Theory and design of Hybrid Excitation Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators. ICEMS'2001. ShengYang. 2001: 898～900
[22] 徐衍亮，唐任远．混合励磁同步电机的结构、及参数计算．微特电机．2000，1：16～18
[23] Eastham, Evans, et al. Double Disc Alternators With Hybrid Excitation. IEEE Trans. Magn.1992, 28(5): 3039～3041
[24] E. Spooner, Khatab. et al. Hybrid Excitation of AC and DC Machines. Proceedings of IEMDC'2001, America: Fourth International Conference, 1989: 48～52
[25] Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Effect of Slotting in PM Electric Machines, Electric Machines and Power Systems, vol. 10, pp. 273-284, 1985.
[26] 王宗培，卢道英．永磁电机的气隙系数，微特电机，1985．1．
[27] GU Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Air Gap Field for PM Electric Machines. Electric Machines and Power Systems, vol. 10, pp. 459-470, 1985.
[28] 王善铭，王祥珩等．交直流混合同步发电机独立供电系统的仿真．清华大学学报．
Vol.40, P.17-20, 2000.
[29] Nady Boules. Two-Dimensional Field Analysis of Cylindrical Machines with Permanent Magnet Excitation, IEEE Trans. on Industry Appl., Vol.20, 1984(5): 126～127
[30] 郭振宏．宽恒功率调速范围主轴永磁同步电动机及其传动系统的研究．沈阳工业大学博士学位论文．1999
[31] 王秀和．永磁起动机电机设计研究及设计专家系统．沈阳工业大学博士学位论文．1996
[32] 张明玉．复合转子异步电机的电磁理论及实用计算方法研究．华中理工大学博士学位论文．1994
[33] 张明玉 等．改善复合转子异步电机性能的方法初探．中小型电机．1994(6)：7～9
[34] 许实章 主编．电机学．上册，北京：机械工业出版社．1980
[35] 许实章 主编．电机学．下册，北京：机械工业出版社．1980
[36] 陈阳生，林友仰．永磁电机气隙磁密的分析计算．中国电机工程学报．1994，14(5)：17～26
[37] GU Qishan and Gao Hongzhan, "Air Gap Field for PM Electric Machines", Electric Machines and Power Systems, 1985(10): 459-470
[38] 陈阳生，林友仰，“永磁电机气隙磁密的分析计算”，《中国电机工程学报》，Vol．14，1994(5)：17-26
[39] 郭振宏，赵丹群，唐任远，“永磁同步电动机磁路设计计算研究”，《1994全国永磁电机学术交流会论文集》，1994：53-57
[40] 胡怡妍，田立坚，郭振宏，唐任远，“稀土永磁同步电机电抗参数的准确计算”，《1994全国永磁电机学术交流会论文集》，1994：48-52
[41] 邹平平，《永磁同步电动机动态性能仿真》，沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文，1991
[42] 李庆扬，王能超，易大义，《数值分析》，华中工学院出版社，1986
[43] 王成元，周美文，郭庆鼎．矢量控制交流伺服驱动电动机．北京：机械工业出版社．1994
[44] 贺益康，《交流电机的计算机仿真》，科学出版社，1990
[45] 徐士良，《FORTRAN常用算法程序集》，清华大学出版社，1992
[46] 陈隆国，陈莜艳，《控制电机》，西安电子科技大学出版社，1997
[47] Z. Q. Zhu and D. Howe, Instantaneous Magnetic Field Distribution in Brushless Permanent Magnet DC Motors, part Ⅰ: Open Circuit Field. IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 124-135, 1993.
[48] 王妍，杜军红，陶伟宜．基于DSP的空间电压矢量法PWM的研究．电机与控制学．报．2000，4(2)：98～102
[49] Y, Yu.Tzou and S.Y.Lin. Fuzzy tuning Current-Vector Control of a Three-Phase PWM Inverter for High-performance ac Drives. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 1998,45(5):782～791
[50] Katsuhiko Ogata著．卢伯英，于海勋等译，现代控制工程．北京：电子工业出版社，2000(5)
[2] 积极开发和大力推广稀土永磁电机．第六界全国永磁电机学术交流会．吉林．1998：1～7
[3] M. Aziaru Rahman, Ping Zhou. Advances in Permanent Magnet Electrical Machines: A Review. CICEM' 95, Hangzhou, China: 366～373
[4] 李声晋，陈法善．航空用稀土永磁电机的发展．1994年全国永磁电机学术交流会论文集．北京．1994：9～12
[5] 田忠元，李钟明等．稀土永磁电机航空航天应用现状及发展．第六界全国永磁电机学术交流会．吉林．1998：14～19
[6] 陈俊峰．永磁电机．北京：机械工业出版社，1982
[7] Y. Amara, J. Lucidarme, et al. A New Topology of Hybrid Synchronous Machine. IEEE Trans. IA. 2001,37(5): 1273～1281
[8] B.K.Bose. Power electronics and motion control-technology status and recent trends. IEEE Trans. Ind.Appl., 1993, 29 (5):902～909
[9] 万文斌．高恒功率调速比永磁同步电动机传动系统的研究．沈阳工业大学博士学位论文．2001
[10] 杨铮．变速恒压恒频交流励磁发电机系统在风力发电中的应用．中国电工学会第六次会议论文集
[11] 窦一平，陈海镇．组合励磁稀土永磁同步发电机的基本原理设计方法．中小型电机．2001，28(4)：20～28
[12] N. Naoe, T. Fukami. Trial Production of a Hybrid Excitation Type Synchronous Machine. Proceedings of IEMDC'2001, France: International Academic Publishers, 2001: 545～547
[13] Yasuryki sugii, Masayuki Yada, Soichi Koga. Applicability of Various to Electric Vehicles(EV). 日本，电动车会议论文集(EVS-13), 1996
[14] 张宏杰．混合励磁永磁同步发电机设计与研究．沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文．2000
[15] G. Henneberger, J. R. H, et al. Design and Test of Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Motor with Auxiliary Excitation Winding for Electric Vehicle Application. Proc. European Power Electronics Chapter Symp, Lausanne, Switzerland. 1994: 645-649
[16] C. D. Syverson. Hybrid Alternator. U.S. Patent 5397975, Mar. 14, 1995
[17] J. Lucidarme, M. Gabsi, et al. Rotating Electric Machine with Improved Double Excitation. International Patent W00035065, June 15, 2000.
[18] Y. Amara, K. Oujehani, et al. Flux weakening of Hybrid Synchronous Machines. Proceedings of IEMDC'2001, France: International Academic Publishers. 2001: 367～373
[19] 黄文新，陈海镇．混合励磁永磁发电机及其设计．微特电机．1996，4：9～12
[20] Dou Yiping, Chen Haizhen. A Design Research for Hybrid Excitation Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator. ICEMS'2001 ShenYang. 2001:856～859
[21] Zhang Hongjie, Li Qingfu, An Zhongliang, Tang Renyuan. Theory and design of Hybrid Excitation Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators. ICEMS'2001. ShengYang. 2001: 898～900
[22] 徐衍亮，唐任远．混合励磁同步电机的结构、及参数计算．微特电机．2000，1：16～18
[23] Eastham, Evans, et al. Double Disc Alternators With Hybrid Excitation. IEEE Trans. Magn.1992, 28(5): 3039～3041
[24] E. Spooner, Khatab. et al. Hybrid Excitation of AC and DC Machines. Proceedings of IEMDC'2001, America: Fourth International Conference, 1989: 48～52
[25] Gu Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Effect of Slotting in PM Electric Machines, Electric Machines and Power Systems, vol. 10, pp. 273-284, 1985.
[26] 王宗培，卢道英．永磁电机的气隙系数，微特电机，1985．1．
[27] GU Qishan, Gao Hongzhan. Air Gap Field for PM Electric Machines. Electric Machines and Power Systems, vol. 10, pp. 459-470, 1985.
[28] 王善铭，王祥珩等．交直流混合同步发电机独立供电系统的仿真．清华大学学报．
Vol.40, P.17-20, 2000.
[29] Nady Boules. Two-Dimensional Field Analysis of Cylindrical Machines with Permanent Magnet Excitation, IEEE Trans. on Industry Appl., Vol.20, 1984(5): 126～127
[30] 郭振宏．宽恒功率调速范围主轴永磁同步电动机及其传动系统的研究．沈阳工业大学博士学位论文．1999
[31] 王秀和．永磁起动机电机设计研究及设计专家系统．沈阳工业大学博士学位论文．1996
[32] 张明玉．复合转子异步电机的电磁理论及实用计算方法研究．华中理工大学博士学位论文．1994
[33] 张明玉 等．改善复合转子异步电机性能的方法初探．中小型电机．1994(6)：7～9
[34] 许实章 主编．电机学．上册，北京：机械工业出版社．1980
[35] 许实章 主编．电机学．下册，北京：机械工业出版社．1980
[36] 陈阳生，林友仰．永磁电机气隙磁密的分析计算．中国电机工程学报．1994，14(5)：17～26
[37] GU Qishan and Gao Hongzhan, "Air Gap Field for PM Electric Machines", Electric Machines and Power Systems, 1985(10): 459-470
[38] 陈阳生，林友仰，“永磁电机气隙磁密的分析计算”，《中国电机工程学报》，Vol．14，1994(5)：17-26
[39] 郭振宏，赵丹群，唐任远，“永磁同步电动机磁路设计计算研究”，《1994全国永磁电机学术交流会论文集》，1994：53-57
[40] 胡怡妍，田立坚，郭振宏，唐任远，“稀土永磁同步电机电抗参数的准确计算”，《1994全国永磁电机学术交流会论文集》，1994：48-52
[41] 邹平平，《永磁同步电动机动态性能仿真》，沈阳工业大学硕士学位论文，1991
[42] 李庆扬，王能超，易大义，《数值分析》，华中工学院出版社，1986
[43] 王成元，周美文，郭庆鼎．矢量控制交流伺服驱动电动机．北京：机械工业出版社．1994
[44] 贺益康，《交流电机的计算机仿真》，科学出版社，1990
[45] 徐士良，《FORTRAN常用算法程序集》，清华大学出版社，1992
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