电动汽车用永磁同步电动机传动控制系统的研究
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摘要
在国家863计划“九五”重大项目“钕铁硼电机应用产品开发”、辽宁省科学技术计划项目“高性能钕铁硼永磁电机的研制”及沈阳市“十五”科技攻关项目资助下，本文研究工作围绕电动汽车用永磁同步电动机(PMSM)传动控制系统展开，研究内容分为以下四个部分：
首先，为提高电动汽车一次充电续行里程，提出电动汽车用PMSM系统的效率优化控制策略。针对电动汽车的运行特点，在分析了一般应用的PMSM系统输入功率最小效率优化策略不足的基础上，为满足电动汽车用PMSM系统效率优化的快速性要求，提出新的效率优化控制策略，其核心是在输入功率最小效率优化方法基础上应用模糊逻辑控制并采用转矩补偿策略加速系统控制变量寻优过程的收敛速度。进行相关实验说明提出的效率优化策略应用于电动汽车用PMSM系统的有效性。
其次，全面研究了电动汽车用PMSM的设计计算方法。给出电动汽车用PMSM性能参数指标的确定原则；分析了电机参数对电动汽车运行状态的影响，确定了电动汽车用PMSM转子结构选择原则；研究了电动汽车用PMSM的场路结合设计方法；详细分析了采用并联支路数转换以提高电动汽车低速性能的实用化方法。在上述工作基础上，设计制造一台微型电动客车用7.5kW PMSM样机。
再次，应用全数字化矢量控制PMSM系统装备了微型电动客车样车。开发了基于TMS320F240 DSP的电动汽车用PMSM全数字化矢量控制逆变器，给出了逆变器硬件设计方法和软件设计方案。对PMSM样机及逆变器进行了整体性能实验。应用该系统装备了微型电动客车样车。
最后，研究了直接转矩控制(DTC)方式在电动汽车用PMSM上的应用并开发出相应控制系统。在详细分析DTC应用于PMSM的基本原理基础上，研究了零电压矢量在PMSM DTC中的作用并提出电动汽车用PMSM电压空间矢量的选择方法。分析了DTC方式下PMSM定子磁链给定原则，提出PMSM系统在DTC方式下的效率优化方法。给出PMSM fuzzy-DTC方法以提高电动汽车的动力性。进行电动汽车用PMSM系统的整体性能仿真，仿真结果说明采用DTC的PMSM系统能够满足电动汽车驱动应用的性能要求，并进一步开发出了PMSM的DTC系统。
This dissertation is devoted to the study on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system in electric vehicle (EV) application aided by the State "863 Plan" and the Science and Technology Items of Liaoning province. Four parts are included as follows:
First of all, an efficiency-optimization control strategy for PMSM system used in EV is presented in order to extend road haul per charge. In view of the operation characters of PMSM for EV application, a novel efficiency-optimization control strategy is presented to meet the demand of rapidity after analyzing the defect of efficiency- optimization control strategy of PMSM system with minimum input power in ordinary application. On the basis of ordinary efficiency-optimization control strategy with minimum input power, the new strategy adopts fuzzy logic control method and torque compensation strategy to accelerate convergence in process of optimizing controlled parameter. Results of experiment indicate the validity of the efficiency-optimization strategy.
The design methods of PMSM used in EV are studied in the second part. Parameters design rules of PMSM in EV application are presented. The influence of PMSM parameters on EV operation is analyzed and selection rules of PMSM rotor structure are determined. The field-circuit coupled design method of PMSM is studied considering the EV drive demands. In order to enhance performance in low-speed, strategy of shunts switch is analyzed in detail. Then, a 7.5kW PMSM prototype for a lightweight electric vehicle is designed and manufactured.
The third part developed a lightweight electric vehicle prototype. A DSP-based full-digital vector control inverter for PMSM used in EV is developed, and the design method of hardware and software is presented. Experiments of the whole system including PMSM and inverter are done. Then a lightweight electric vehicle prototype driven by the PMSM system is developed.
Finally, direct torque control (DTC) strategy for PMSM in EV application is studied and DTC system is also developed. On the detailed analysis of PMSM DTC principle, the function of zero voltage vector and the choice method of voltage vector in EV driving are proposed. Restricted condition about stator flux linkage under DTC is analyzed. Afterwards, control rules on stator flux linkage reference are given, then an efficiency-optimization method for PMSM system under DTC is presented. A
fuzzy-DTC method is applied to improve the dynamic performance of EV. Simulation results of EV system show that PMSM system under DTC is able to meet the needs of EV driving. Furthermore, a DTC PMSM system for EV is developed.
首先，为提高电动汽车一次充电续行里程，提出电动汽车用PMSM系统的效率优化控制策略。针对电动汽车的运行特点，在分析了一般应用的PMSM系统输入功率最小效率优化策略不足的基础上，为满足电动汽车用PMSM系统效率优化的快速性要求，提出新的效率优化控制策略，其核心是在输入功率最小效率优化方法基础上应用模糊逻辑控制并采用转矩补偿策略加速系统控制变量寻优过程的收敛速度。进行相关实验说明提出的效率优化策略应用于电动汽车用PMSM系统的有效性。
其次，全面研究了电动汽车用PMSM的设计计算方法。给出电动汽车用PMSM性能参数指标的确定原则；分析了电机参数对电动汽车运行状态的影响，确定了电动汽车用PMSM转子结构选择原则；研究了电动汽车用PMSM的场路结合设计方法；详细分析了采用并联支路数转换以提高电动汽车低速性能的实用化方法。在上述工作基础上，设计制造一台微型电动客车用7.5kW PMSM样机。
再次，应用全数字化矢量控制PMSM系统装备了微型电动客车样车。开发了基于TMS320F240 DSP的电动汽车用PMSM全数字化矢量控制逆变器，给出了逆变器硬件设计方法和软件设计方案。对PMSM样机及逆变器进行了整体性能实验。应用该系统装备了微型电动客车样车。
最后，研究了直接转矩控制(DTC)方式在电动汽车用PMSM上的应用并开发出相应控制系统。在详细分析DTC应用于PMSM的基本原理基础上，研究了零电压矢量在PMSM DTC中的作用并提出电动汽车用PMSM电压空间矢量的选择方法。分析了DTC方式下PMSM定子磁链给定原则，提出PMSM系统在DTC方式下的效率优化方法。给出PMSM fuzzy-DTC方法以提高电动汽车的动力性。进行电动汽车用PMSM系统的整体性能仿真，仿真结果说明采用DTC的PMSM系统能够满足电动汽车驱动应用的性能要求，并进一步开发出了PMSM的DTC系统。
This dissertation is devoted to the study on permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system in electric vehicle (EV) application aided by the State "863 Plan" and the Science and Technology Items of Liaoning province. Four parts are included as follows:
First of all, an efficiency-optimization control strategy for PMSM system used in EV is presented in order to extend road haul per charge. In view of the operation characters of PMSM for EV application, a novel efficiency-optimization control strategy is presented to meet the demand of rapidity after analyzing the defect of efficiency- optimization control strategy of PMSM system with minimum input power in ordinary application. On the basis of ordinary efficiency-optimization control strategy with minimum input power, the new strategy adopts fuzzy logic control method and torque compensation strategy to accelerate convergence in process of optimizing controlled parameter. Results of experiment indicate the validity of the efficiency-optimization strategy.
The design methods of PMSM used in EV are studied in the second part. Parameters design rules of PMSM in EV application are presented. The influence of PMSM parameters on EV operation is analyzed and selection rules of PMSM rotor structure are determined. The field-circuit coupled design method of PMSM is studied considering the EV drive demands. In order to enhance performance in low-speed, strategy of shunts switch is analyzed in detail. Then, a 7.5kW PMSM prototype for a lightweight electric vehicle is designed and manufactured.
The third part developed a lightweight electric vehicle prototype. A DSP-based full-digital vector control inverter for PMSM used in EV is developed, and the design method of hardware and software is presented. Experiments of the whole system including PMSM and inverter are done. Then a lightweight electric vehicle prototype driven by the PMSM system is developed.
Finally, direct torque control (DTC) strategy for PMSM in EV application is studied and DTC system is also developed. On the detailed analysis of PMSM DTC principle, the function of zero voltage vector and the choice method of voltage vector in EV driving are proposed. Restricted condition about stator flux linkage under DTC is analyzed. Afterwards, control rules on stator flux linkage reference are given, then an efficiency-optimization method for PMSM system under DTC is presented. A
fuzzy-DTC method is applied to improve the dynamic performance of EV. Simulation results of EV system show that PMSM system under DTC is able to meet the needs of EV driving. Furthermore, a DTC PMSM system for EV is developed.
引文
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