醋酸稀溶液的萃取动力学研究
|
摘要
从低浓度醋酸水溶液中回收醋酸,是目前化工企业尚待解决的一项难题。据统计,在工业上所消耗或生成的醋酸有相当的数量随废水排出。例如,在糠醛生产中,全国每年被排放掉的醋酸量约有1万吨左右,这不仅损失了大量的有用资源,而且还污染了环境。因此,从稀醋酸水溶液中回收醋酸,不仅有着重大的经济效益,而且也是环境保护所必需。
本课题研究的是醋酸稀溶液的萃取,在综述了络合萃取技术在处理有机羧酸及其水溶液方面的研究进展的基础上,系统地研究了醋酸稀溶液的萃取动力学。采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和三烷基胺(7301和N_(235))为络合剂,正辛醇、加氢煤油为稀释剂,成功地筛选出三元高效混合络合萃取剂;利用恒界面池法,研究了络合萃取平衡的时间,萃取剂体积分数、醋酸初始浓度、温度、水溶液pH、搅拌速率、两相接触面积等因素对络合萃取平衡过程的影响;从萃取动力学角度,对络合萃取稀醋酸过程的级数及机理进行初步探讨,从而为提高萃取效率提供依据。
实验结果表明:(1)三烷基胺(7301)对醋酸具有较好的萃取分离效果,而且在加入极性助溶剂正辛醇后其萃取能力可明显增大;(2)经过筛选,优化选出萃取剂为三烷基胺-正辛醇-加氢煤油体系,且最佳配比为3:6:1;(3)溶液的pH值较低时,平衡分配系数较大;随着溶液pH值的升高,平衡分配系数明显下降,pH值达到一定数值时,分配系数非常低。(4)采用斜率法确定了三烷基胺萃取醋酸的萃合物组成,在27℃和0.346 mol/l浓度范围内可能形成组成为1:1的萃合物。(5)分配系数随着醋酸稀溶液初始浓度、水油相比、温度的增加而下降:随着一定范围内络合剂三烷基胺(7301 N_(235))浓度、两相接触面积以及搅拌速度的增加而升高。
通过数据分析,三烷基胺对醋酸萃取过程的级数约为1,络合萃取醋酸过程包括三个步骤:(1)三烷基胺从有机相传递到水相或水相内界面;(2)三烷基胺于醋酸发生络合反应生成络合物;(3)络合物传递并溶解到有机相中。得到了萃取剂络合萃取醋酸稀溶液在试验范围内的平衡分配系数模型。
Recycling acetic acid from the dilute aqueous solution of acetic acid is a difficult problem to chemical plant at present. Statistic data show that a considerable amount of acetic acid which is produced or consumed in industries is discharged with wastewater. For example, in the production of furfural, about 10,000 tons of acetic acid is discharged each year, which is not only losing a great deal of useful resources, but also polluting the environment. Therefore, recovering the acetic acid from the dilute aqueous solution of acetic acid can be beneficial to the economy and the environment.
So the extraction of acetic acid from its dilute aqueous solution was studied in this paper. On the basis of the discussion of the complex extraction technology in the treatment of organic carboxylic acid, the extractive kinetics on acetic acid extraction from its dilute aqueous solution has been studied. The chelators are TBP and three alkyl amines (7301 and N235), the diluents are n-caprylic alcohol and hydrogenating kerosene. The efficient complex extractant was successfully examined. The complex extraction factors, the equilibrium time, extractant volume, the initial concentration of acetic acid, temperature, pH value, stirring rate and contacting area were considered by the Lews cell method. In the meantime, the kinetic order of the extraction process and the mechanism of the complex extraction process were analyzed, with which the extraction efficiency of such process can be improved.
The results showed that the better effect of extraction of acetic acid were obtained with trialkylamines (7301), and the extraction capacity could be increased significantly after adding amount of n-caprylic alcohol. According to the orthogonal experiments, the better extraction system is trialkylamines +n-caprylic alcohol+ hydrogenating kerosene with the ratio of 3:6:1. The higher equilibrium distribution coefficient was obtained with the lower pH value. With increasing the pH value, the equilibrium distribution coefficient decreased significantly and the lowest distribution coefficient was measured, when pH value increased to a certain level. With the temperature of 27℃and the concentration of 0.346 mol/l, the form of the complex was likely 1:1. The distribution coefficient decreased with increasing the initial concentration of acetic acid solution, the ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase and the temperature. The distribution coefficient increased with the increasing the concentration of trialkylamines (7301 N235), two-phase contact area and stirring rate.
With the data analysis, the kinetic order of the extraction process is nearly 1. There are three steps in the acetic acid complex extraction process, which are the transfer of trialkylamines into the aqueous phase or the interface of it, the formation of the complex of trialkylamines and acetic acid, and the transfer of the complex into the organic phase. A distribution coefficient mathematical model of the extraction process based on the above analysis was presented in the paper.
本课题研究的是醋酸稀溶液的萃取,在综述了络合萃取技术在处理有机羧酸及其水溶液方面的研究进展的基础上,系统地研究了醋酸稀溶液的萃取动力学。采用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)和三烷基胺(7301和N_(235))为络合剂,正辛醇、加氢煤油为稀释剂,成功地筛选出三元高效混合络合萃取剂;利用恒界面池法,研究了络合萃取平衡的时间,萃取剂体积分数、醋酸初始浓度、温度、水溶液pH、搅拌速率、两相接触面积等因素对络合萃取平衡过程的影响;从萃取动力学角度,对络合萃取稀醋酸过程的级数及机理进行初步探讨,从而为提高萃取效率提供依据。
实验结果表明:(1)三烷基胺(7301)对醋酸具有较好的萃取分离效果,而且在加入极性助溶剂正辛醇后其萃取能力可明显增大;(2)经过筛选,优化选出萃取剂为三烷基胺-正辛醇-加氢煤油体系,且最佳配比为3:6:1;(3)溶液的pH值较低时,平衡分配系数较大;随着溶液pH值的升高,平衡分配系数明显下降,pH值达到一定数值时,分配系数非常低。(4)采用斜率法确定了三烷基胺萃取醋酸的萃合物组成,在27℃和0.346 mol/l浓度范围内可能形成组成为1:1的萃合物。(5)分配系数随着醋酸稀溶液初始浓度、水油相比、温度的增加而下降:随着一定范围内络合剂三烷基胺(7301 N_(235))浓度、两相接触面积以及搅拌速度的增加而升高。
通过数据分析,三烷基胺对醋酸萃取过程的级数约为1,络合萃取醋酸过程包括三个步骤:(1)三烷基胺从有机相传递到水相或水相内界面;(2)三烷基胺于醋酸发生络合反应生成络合物;(3)络合物传递并溶解到有机相中。得到了萃取剂络合萃取醋酸稀溶液在试验范围内的平衡分配系数模型。
Recycling acetic acid from the dilute aqueous solution of acetic acid is a difficult problem to chemical plant at present. Statistic data show that a considerable amount of acetic acid which is produced or consumed in industries is discharged with wastewater. For example, in the production of furfural, about 10,000 tons of acetic acid is discharged each year, which is not only losing a great deal of useful resources, but also polluting the environment. Therefore, recovering the acetic acid from the dilute aqueous solution of acetic acid can be beneficial to the economy and the environment.
So the extraction of acetic acid from its dilute aqueous solution was studied in this paper. On the basis of the discussion of the complex extraction technology in the treatment of organic carboxylic acid, the extractive kinetics on acetic acid extraction from its dilute aqueous solution has been studied. The chelators are TBP and three alkyl amines (7301 and N235), the diluents are n-caprylic alcohol and hydrogenating kerosene. The efficient complex extractant was successfully examined. The complex extraction factors, the equilibrium time, extractant volume, the initial concentration of acetic acid, temperature, pH value, stirring rate and contacting area were considered by the Lews cell method. In the meantime, the kinetic order of the extraction process and the mechanism of the complex extraction process were analyzed, with which the extraction efficiency of such process can be improved.
The results showed that the better effect of extraction of acetic acid were obtained with trialkylamines (7301), and the extraction capacity could be increased significantly after adding amount of n-caprylic alcohol. According to the orthogonal experiments, the better extraction system is trialkylamines +n-caprylic alcohol+ hydrogenating kerosene with the ratio of 3:6:1. The higher equilibrium distribution coefficient was obtained with the lower pH value. With increasing the pH value, the equilibrium distribution coefficient decreased significantly and the lowest distribution coefficient was measured, when pH value increased to a certain level. With the temperature of 27℃and the concentration of 0.346 mol/l, the form of the complex was likely 1:1. The distribution coefficient decreased with increasing the initial concentration of acetic acid solution, the ratio of the aqueous phase to the oil phase and the temperature. The distribution coefficient increased with the increasing the concentration of trialkylamines (7301 N235), two-phase contact area and stirring rate.
With the data analysis, the kinetic order of the extraction process is nearly 1. There are three steps in the acetic acid complex extraction process, which are the transfer of trialkylamines into the aqueous phase or the interface of it, the formation of the complex of trialkylamines and acetic acid, and the transfer of the complex into the organic phase. A distribution coefficient mathematical model of the extraction process based on the above analysis was presented in the paper.
引文
1.King C.J.Handbook of Solvent Extraction[M].New York:Wiley Press,1983:566.
2.贾彦雷.稀水溶液中有机羧酸的萃取分离研究[D].天津:天津大学化工学院,2004.
3.雷良恒.加盐萃取-恒沸精馏联合过程研究[J].石油化工,1900,19(11):749-752.
4.Judson C.King Removal and Recovery of Carboxylic Acids and Phenolic from Dilute Aqueous Streams[J].Proceedings ISEC'80,1980,3:1-12.
5.Richer N.L.et al.Solvent Properties of Organic Bases for Extraction of Acetic Acid from Water[J].Separ.Proc.Technol.,1979,1(1):36-41.
6.Fuming Chen et al.Extraction of Lower Carboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solution by Tri-n-octylamine[J].Chem.Eng.Jpn.,1989,22(1):6-11.
7.Janet A,Tamada et al.Extraction of Carboxylic Acids with Amine Extractants Equilibria and Law of Mass Action Modeling.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.,1990,29(7):1319-1326.
8.Janet A,Tamada et al.Extraction of Carboxylic Acids with Amine Extractants Chemical Interactions and Interpretation of Data.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.,1992,19(7):1327-1333.
9.Janet A,Tamada et al.Extraction of Carboxylic Acids with Amine Extractants Effect of Temperature,Water Coextraction,and Process Considerations.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.,1990,29(7):1333-1338.
10.许林妹,华韬.TBP络合萃取醋酸稀溶液的特性[J].江南大学学报,2004,3(3):299-302.
11.King C.J.Amine-based systems for carboxylic acid recovery[J].ChemTech,1992,3:285-291.
12.王运东,李玉鑫,李振宇等.三烷基氧膦(TRPO)萃取有机羧酸的研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2001,15(2):174-178.
13.李玉鑫,王运东,戴猷元.正辛醇为稀释剂条件下二元羧酸的萃取平衡特性[J].化工学报,2004,55(3):379-383.
14.符钰,秦炜,戴猷元.化学萃取丙酸平衡特性的研究[J].清华大学学报.2002,42(S1):15-18
15.张和,周立,赵增国。电渗析法处理低浓度乙酸废液的研究[J].化工环保,1998,18(4):195-198.
16.余立新,郭庆丰。极稀醋酸废水处理的双极性膜电渗析法[J].膜科学与技术,2000,20(2):31-33.
17.Kariduraganavar M Y,Kulkarni S S.Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures through poly(vinyl alcohol)-silicone based hybrid membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,246:83-93.
18.LU Shi yuan,CHIU Chung ping,HUANG Hsiang yuan.Pervaporation of acetic acid/water mixtures through silicalite filled polydimethyl siloxane membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2000,176:159-167.
19.黄峰,张玉林.从含酸废水中回收醋酸的方法[J].石油化工环境保护,1998,1:6-10.
20.V.M.Bhandari,Toshikuni yonemoto,V.A.Juvekar.Investigatingthe differences in acid separation behaviour on weak base ion exchange resins[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2000,55:6197-6208.
21.胡兴兰,苗文俊.萃取精馏法分离醋酸/水的工艺模拟[J].天然气化工,2004,29(1):37-38.
22.Berg.Dehydration of acetic acid by extractive distillation[P].US:4729 818,1988-03-08.
23.R.Sartorius,H.Stapf.Process for preparing technically pure acetic acid by extractive distillation[P].US:3951 755,1976-04-20.
24.Cohen.Method for separating carboxylic acids from mixtures with bon-acids[P].US:4576 683,1986-03-18.
25.胡兴兰,周荣琪.含氮类络合剂对水-醋酸汽液平衡的影响[J].精细化工,2002,19(10):612-614.
26.胡兴兰.醋酸/水萃取精馏的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2003.
27.杨春平.从低浓度醋酸废水中萃取回收醋酸的研究[D].黑龙江哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1991.
28.Saha B,S.P,Chopade,S.M Mahajani.Recovery of dilute acetic acid through esterification in a reactive distillation column[J].Catalys is Today,2000,60(2):147-157.
29.白鹏,刘劲松,杨志才.回收废醋酸催化精馏过程的研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2002,34(5):63-66.
30.Liu Jin song,Yang Zhi cai,Bai Peng.Simulation of catalytic distillation for removal of dilute acetic acid from wastewater[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2003,23(z1):159-162.
31.Surumaru N T.Method of recovering acetic acid from aqueous solution of acetate[P].JP:59 029 633,1984-02-16.
32.C.L.Bianchi,V.Ragaini,C.Pirola,et al.A new method to clean industrial water from acetic acid via esterification[J].Applide Catalysis B:Environmental,2003,40(2):93-99.
33.Urbas.Recovery of acetic acid from a fermentation broth[P].US:4405 717,1983.
34.喻新平.利用醋酸废水制取醋酸钙镁盐[J].化工环保,2002,22(4):224-227.
35.王敏.利用废木材生产冰醋酸[J].林业实用技术,2002,6:32.
36.杨春平.从低浓度醋酸废水中醋酸回收醋酸的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1991.
37.李涛.粮食发酵制醋酸技术的研究进展[J].化工进展.2001,12:26-29.
38.戴猷元,秦炜,张瑾.有机物络合萃取技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:9-11.
39.李全民,成庆堂,刘奇.分离技术概论[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1999.82-83
40.蔡锐,管国锋.络合萃取法处理己内酰胺废水[J].南京化工大学学报,2000,22(5):73-75.
41.黄天寅,叶哓文.氯硝柳胺生产废水处理工程实践[J].给水排水,2002,28(7):44-47.
42.苏海佳,徐丽莲,戴猷元.有机胺稀溶液的络合萃取[J].化工学报,1997,48(6):713-719
43.Ane M U,Inmaculada O.Extraction of phenol using trialkyl phosphine oxides(Cyanex 923) in kerosene[J].Separation Science and Technology,1997,32(6):1157-1162.
44.Tanase D,Anicuta G S,Octavian F.Reactive extraction of phenols using sulfuric salts of trioctylamine[J].Chemical Engineering Scicefice,1999,54(10):1559-1563.
45.陆嘉昂,管国锋,姚虎卿.β-萘酚稀溶液的络合萃取[J].高等化学工程学报,2002,16(2):129-134.
46.彭盘英,崔世海,王玉萍等.络合萃取法处理6-硝基间甲酚废水[J].现代化工,2001,21(2):30-32.
47.齐江,戴猷元.己酸铁对乙醇稀溶液的络合萃取[J]。应用化学,1999,16(1):107-109.
48.仉蕾,魏兴义,刘勇弟.萃取法处理萤光废水[J].化工环保,1995,5(1):28-31.
49.杨义燕,孙彦,戴猷元.有机磺酸类化合物的给合萃取研究[J].环境化学,1998,17(1): 24-27.
50.Cascaval D,Oniscu C.Selective separation of amino acids by reactive extraction[J].Biochemical Engineer Journal,2001,7(3):171-176.
51.杨义燕,刘志岩,戴猷元.对氨基酚稀溶液的络合萃取[J].高校化学工程学报,1997,11(4):355-360.
52.姚忠,周华,韦萍等.无机阴离子对丙酮酸络合萃取的影响[J].南京化工大学学报,2001,23(4):5-9.
53.李家幌,姚忠,周华等.络合萃取技术在极性有机物稀溶液中的应用进展[J].南京化工大学学报,2001,23(4):10-13.
54.罗学辉,秦炜,戴猷元.三烷基胺萃取丙酸的动力学特性[J].化学工程,2003,31(4):8-11.
55.张英,秦炜,戴猷元.三辛胺萃取分离乳酸-醋酸的研究[J].化工学报,2001,52(2):141-145.
56.管国峰,马晓龙,姚虎卿磷酸三丁酯络合萃取丁酸的研究[J].南京化工大学学报,2000,22(6):18-22.
57.管国锋,马晓龙,蔡锐等.柠檬酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究[J].高等化学工程学报,.2001,15(4):378-382.
58.Dinculescu D,Guzun-Stoica A,Dobre T,et al.Extraction of Primary and Secondary Metabolites[J].Bioprocess Engineering,2000,22:529-532.
59.Zigova J,Vandak D,Schlosser S,et al.Extraction equilibria of butyric acid with organic solvents[J].Separation Science and Technology,1996,31(19):2671-2684.
60.Tamada J A,Kertes A S,King C J.Extraction of carboxylic acids with amine extractants Equilibria.and law of mass action modeling[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,1990,29(7):1319-1326.
61.Lukhezo M,Dunne L.G.,Reuben B J,et al.Statistical mechanical treatment of reactive solvent extractive[J].Chemical Physics,1997,220(1-2):53-61.
62.Andreas S,Gerd F.Distribution of hydrochloric,nitric,sulfuric acids between water and organic solutions of tri-n-octylamine Part Ⅰ.Toulene as organic solvent[J].Fluid Phase Equilibrim 2003,207(1-2):1-21.
63.Baniel A M,Blumberg R,Haidu K.Recovery of acids from aqueous solutions[P].US:4 275 234,1981-06-23.
64.Pool L J,King C J.Regeneration of carboxylic Acid-Amine Extracts by Back-Extraction with an Aqueous Solution of a Volatile Amine[J].Industrial Engineering Chemical Research,1991,30(5):923-929
65.孙思修,刘桂华,杨永会等.溶剂萃取动力学研究方法-恒界面池法[J].化学通报,1996,7:50-52.
66.李洲.动力学分离方法比较[J].化工冶金,1987,8(4),78-89.
67.孙思修,刘桂华,杨永会等.溶剂萃取动力学研究方法.高速搅拌法[J].化学通报,1994,11:46-49.
68.易筱筠,古国榜.研究萃取动力学的新方法-气搅法[J].华南理工大学学报,2001,19(1):40-42.
69.ZiegenfuB.H.,Maurer G.Distribution of acetic between water and organic solutions of tri-n-octylamine[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,1994,102(2):211-255
70.Tan T C,Aravinth S.Liquid-liquid equilibria of water/acetic acid/I-butanol sustem-effects of sodium(potassium) chloride and correlations[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,1999,163(2):243-257.
71.Roos M,Bart H J.Extraction of Acetic Acid with Tri-n-octylamine:Phusical Properties and Phase Equilibria[J].Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 2001,46(5):1198-1202.
72.秦炜,马志君,戴猷元.Aliquat336萃取醋酸的平衡特性[J].化工学报,2002,53(9):957-961.
73.Poposka F A.Kinetics,mechanism and mathematical modelling of extraction of citric acid with isodecanol / n-paraffins solutions of tdoctylamine[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1998,53(18):3227-3237.
74.Poposka F A.Extraction of tartaric acid from aqueous solutions with tri-iso-octylamine (HOSTAREX A 324).Equilibium and kinetics[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2000,55(9):1591-1640.
75.Hironaka M,Hirata M.Kinetics of lactic extraction with quaternary ammonium salt[J].Sparation Science and Technology,2001,36(13):2927-2943:
76.覃诚真,杨子超.萃取化学[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1991:263-265.
77.Danesi P R.A few thoughts about its interdisciplinary nature,challenges and opportunities [J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1990,8(6):741-757.
78.Matsumoto M.Extraction kinetics of organic acid with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide[J].Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,1996,67(3):260-264.
79.Al-Mudhaf H F,Hegazi M F,Abu-Shady A I.Partition data of acetic acid between aqueous NaCl solutions and trioctylphoosphine oxide in cyclohexane diluent[J].Separation and purification technology,2002,27(1):41-50.
80.Inci I.Extraction equilibria of aqueous solution of acetic acid with tri-n-octylamine[J].Journal of Scientific and Indusrial research,2002,61(10):817-822.
81.Jang R S,Wu R T.Effect of a Water-Insoluble Organic Acid on Amine Extraction of Acetic Acid from Aqueous Solution.Equilibtium Studies[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 1996,66(2):160-168.
82.文梅,杨义燕,戴猷元等.三辛胺萃取有机羧酸的机理[J].化工学报,1998,49(3):303-315.
83.马晓龙.络合萃取技术在环境工程中的应用[J].江苏化工,2000,28(2):34-35
84.Laidler K J.Chemical kinetic[D].London:Mc Graw Hill,1975.
85.李洲 萃取动力学研究中的几个问题[J].核科学与工程,1991,11(2):152-158.
2.贾彦雷.稀水溶液中有机羧酸的萃取分离研究[D].天津:天津大学化工学院,2004.
3.雷良恒.加盐萃取-恒沸精馏联合过程研究[J].石油化工,1900,19(11):749-752.
4.Judson C.King Removal and Recovery of Carboxylic Acids and Phenolic from Dilute Aqueous Streams[J].Proceedings ISEC'80,1980,3:1-12.
5.Richer N.L.et al.Solvent Properties of Organic Bases for Extraction of Acetic Acid from Water[J].Separ.Proc.Technol.,1979,1(1):36-41.
6.Fuming Chen et al.Extraction of Lower Carboxylic Acids from Aqueous Solution by Tri-n-octylamine[J].Chem.Eng.Jpn.,1989,22(1):6-11.
7.Janet A,Tamada et al.Extraction of Carboxylic Acids with Amine Extractants Equilibria and Law of Mass Action Modeling.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.,1990,29(7):1319-1326.
8.Janet A,Tamada et al.Extraction of Carboxylic Acids with Amine Extractants Chemical Interactions and Interpretation of Data.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.,1992,19(7):1327-1333.
9.Janet A,Tamada et al.Extraction of Carboxylic Acids with Amine Extractants Effect of Temperature,Water Coextraction,and Process Considerations.Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.,1990,29(7):1333-1338.
10.许林妹,华韬.TBP络合萃取醋酸稀溶液的特性[J].江南大学学报,2004,3(3):299-302.
11.King C.J.Amine-based systems for carboxylic acid recovery[J].ChemTech,1992,3:285-291.
12.王运东,李玉鑫,李振宇等.三烷基氧膦(TRPO)萃取有机羧酸的研究[J].高校化学工程学报,2001,15(2):174-178.
13.李玉鑫,王运东,戴猷元.正辛醇为稀释剂条件下二元羧酸的萃取平衡特性[J].化工学报,2004,55(3):379-383.
14.符钰,秦炜,戴猷元.化学萃取丙酸平衡特性的研究[J].清华大学学报.2002,42(S1):15-18
15.张和,周立,赵增国。电渗析法处理低浓度乙酸废液的研究[J].化工环保,1998,18(4):195-198.
16.余立新,郭庆丰。极稀醋酸废水处理的双极性膜电渗析法[J].膜科学与技术,2000,20(2):31-33.
17.Kariduraganavar M Y,Kulkarni S S.Pervaporation separation of water-acetic acid mixtures through poly(vinyl alcohol)-silicone based hybrid membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2005,246:83-93.
18.LU Shi yuan,CHIU Chung ping,HUANG Hsiang yuan.Pervaporation of acetic acid/water mixtures through silicalite filled polydimethyl siloxane membranes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2000,176:159-167.
19.黄峰,张玉林.从含酸废水中回收醋酸的方法[J].石油化工环境保护,1998,1:6-10.
20.V.M.Bhandari,Toshikuni yonemoto,V.A.Juvekar.Investigatingthe differences in acid separation behaviour on weak base ion exchange resins[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2000,55:6197-6208.
21.胡兴兰,苗文俊.萃取精馏法分离醋酸/水的工艺模拟[J].天然气化工,2004,29(1):37-38.
22.Berg.Dehydration of acetic acid by extractive distillation[P].US:4729 818,1988-03-08.
23.R.Sartorius,H.Stapf.Process for preparing technically pure acetic acid by extractive distillation[P].US:3951 755,1976-04-20.
24.Cohen.Method for separating carboxylic acids from mixtures with bon-acids[P].US:4576 683,1986-03-18.
25.胡兴兰,周荣琪.含氮类络合剂对水-醋酸汽液平衡的影响[J].精细化工,2002,19(10):612-614.
26.胡兴兰.醋酸/水萃取精馏的研究[D].北京:清华大学,2003.
27.杨春平.从低浓度醋酸废水中萃取回收醋酸的研究[D].黑龙江哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1991.
28.Saha B,S.P,Chopade,S.M Mahajani.Recovery of dilute acetic acid through esterification in a reactive distillation column[J].Catalys is Today,2000,60(2):147-157.
29.白鹏,刘劲松,杨志才.回收废醋酸催化精馏过程的研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2002,34(5):63-66.
30.Liu Jin song,Yang Zhi cai,Bai Peng.Simulation of catalytic distillation for removal of dilute acetic acid from wastewater[J].Modern Chemical Industry,2003,23(z1):159-162.
31.Surumaru N T.Method of recovering acetic acid from aqueous solution of acetate[P].JP:59 029 633,1984-02-16.
32.C.L.Bianchi,V.Ragaini,C.Pirola,et al.A new method to clean industrial water from acetic acid via esterification[J].Applide Catalysis B:Environmental,2003,40(2):93-99.
33.Urbas.Recovery of acetic acid from a fermentation broth[P].US:4405 717,1983.
34.喻新平.利用醋酸废水制取醋酸钙镁盐[J].化工环保,2002,22(4):224-227.
35.王敏.利用废木材生产冰醋酸[J].林业实用技术,2002,6:32.
36.杨春平.从低浓度醋酸废水中醋酸回收醋酸的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,1991.
37.李涛.粮食发酵制醋酸技术的研究进展[J].化工进展.2001,12:26-29.
38.戴猷元,秦炜,张瑾.有机物络合萃取技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2003:9-11.
39.李全民,成庆堂,刘奇.分离技术概论[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,1999.82-83
40.蔡锐,管国锋.络合萃取法处理己内酰胺废水[J].南京化工大学学报,2000,22(5):73-75.
41.黄天寅,叶哓文.氯硝柳胺生产废水处理工程实践[J].给水排水,2002,28(7):44-47.
42.苏海佳,徐丽莲,戴猷元.有机胺稀溶液的络合萃取[J].化工学报,1997,48(6):713-719
43.Ane M U,Inmaculada O.Extraction of phenol using trialkyl phosphine oxides(Cyanex 923) in kerosene[J].Separation Science and Technology,1997,32(6):1157-1162.
44.Tanase D,Anicuta G S,Octavian F.Reactive extraction of phenols using sulfuric salts of trioctylamine[J].Chemical Engineering Scicefice,1999,54(10):1559-1563.
45.陆嘉昂,管国锋,姚虎卿.β-萘酚稀溶液的络合萃取[J].高等化学工程学报,2002,16(2):129-134.
46.彭盘英,崔世海,王玉萍等.络合萃取法处理6-硝基间甲酚废水[J].现代化工,2001,21(2):30-32.
47.齐江,戴猷元.己酸铁对乙醇稀溶液的络合萃取[J]。应用化学,1999,16(1):107-109.
48.仉蕾,魏兴义,刘勇弟.萃取法处理萤光废水[J].化工环保,1995,5(1):28-31.
49.杨义燕,孙彦,戴猷元.有机磺酸类化合物的给合萃取研究[J].环境化学,1998,17(1): 24-27.
50.Cascaval D,Oniscu C.Selective separation of amino acids by reactive extraction[J].Biochemical Engineer Journal,2001,7(3):171-176.
51.杨义燕,刘志岩,戴猷元.对氨基酚稀溶液的络合萃取[J].高校化学工程学报,1997,11(4):355-360.
52.姚忠,周华,韦萍等.无机阴离子对丙酮酸络合萃取的影响[J].南京化工大学学报,2001,23(4):5-9.
53.李家幌,姚忠,周华等.络合萃取技术在极性有机物稀溶液中的应用进展[J].南京化工大学学报,2001,23(4):10-13.
54.罗学辉,秦炜,戴猷元.三烷基胺萃取丙酸的动力学特性[J].化学工程,2003,31(4):8-11.
55.张英,秦炜,戴猷元.三辛胺萃取分离乳酸-醋酸的研究[J].化工学报,2001,52(2):141-145.
56.管国峰,马晓龙,姚虎卿磷酸三丁酯络合萃取丁酸的研究[J].南京化工大学学报,2000,22(6):18-22.
57.管国锋,马晓龙,蔡锐等.柠檬酸稀溶液的络合萃取研究[J].高等化学工程学报,.2001,15(4):378-382.
58.Dinculescu D,Guzun-Stoica A,Dobre T,et al.Extraction of Primary and Secondary Metabolites[J].Bioprocess Engineering,2000,22:529-532.
59.Zigova J,Vandak D,Schlosser S,et al.Extraction equilibria of butyric acid with organic solvents[J].Separation Science and Technology,1996,31(19):2671-2684.
60.Tamada J A,Kertes A S,King C J.Extraction of carboxylic acids with amine extractants Equilibria.and law of mass action modeling[J].Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,1990,29(7):1319-1326.
61.Lukhezo M,Dunne L.G.,Reuben B J,et al.Statistical mechanical treatment of reactive solvent extractive[J].Chemical Physics,1997,220(1-2):53-61.
62.Andreas S,Gerd F.Distribution of hydrochloric,nitric,sulfuric acids between water and organic solutions of tri-n-octylamine Part Ⅰ.Toulene as organic solvent[J].Fluid Phase Equilibrim 2003,207(1-2):1-21.
63.Baniel A M,Blumberg R,Haidu K.Recovery of acids from aqueous solutions[P].US:4 275 234,1981-06-23.
64.Pool L J,King C J.Regeneration of carboxylic Acid-Amine Extracts by Back-Extraction with an Aqueous Solution of a Volatile Amine[J].Industrial Engineering Chemical Research,1991,30(5):923-929
65.孙思修,刘桂华,杨永会等.溶剂萃取动力学研究方法-恒界面池法[J].化学通报,1996,7:50-52.
66.李洲.动力学分离方法比较[J].化工冶金,1987,8(4),78-89.
67.孙思修,刘桂华,杨永会等.溶剂萃取动力学研究方法.高速搅拌法[J].化学通报,1994,11:46-49.
68.易筱筠,古国榜.研究萃取动力学的新方法-气搅法[J].华南理工大学学报,2001,19(1):40-42.
69.ZiegenfuB.H.,Maurer G.Distribution of acetic between water and organic solutions of tri-n-octylamine[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,1994,102(2):211-255
70.Tan T C,Aravinth S.Liquid-liquid equilibria of water/acetic acid/I-butanol sustem-effects of sodium(potassium) chloride and correlations[J].Fluid Phase Equilibria,1999,163(2):243-257.
71.Roos M,Bart H J.Extraction of Acetic Acid with Tri-n-octylamine:Phusical Properties and Phase Equilibria[J].Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 2001,46(5):1198-1202.
72.秦炜,马志君,戴猷元.Aliquat336萃取醋酸的平衡特性[J].化工学报,2002,53(9):957-961.
73.Poposka F A.Kinetics,mechanism and mathematical modelling of extraction of citric acid with isodecanol / n-paraffins solutions of tdoctylamine[J].Chemical Engineering Science,1998,53(18):3227-3237.
74.Poposka F A.Extraction of tartaric acid from aqueous solutions with tri-iso-octylamine (HOSTAREX A 324).Equilibium and kinetics[J].Chemical Engineering Science,2000,55(9):1591-1640.
75.Hironaka M,Hirata M.Kinetics of lactic extraction with quaternary ammonium salt[J].Sparation Science and Technology,2001,36(13):2927-2943:
76.覃诚真,杨子超.萃取化学[M].桂林:广西师范大学出版社,1991:263-265.
77.Danesi P R.A few thoughts about its interdisciplinary nature,challenges and opportunities [J].Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange,1990,8(6):741-757.
78.Matsumoto M.Extraction kinetics of organic acid with tri-n-octylphosphine oxide[J].Chemical Technology and Biotechnology,1996,67(3):260-264.
79.Al-Mudhaf H F,Hegazi M F,Abu-Shady A I.Partition data of acetic acid between aqueous NaCl solutions and trioctylphoosphine oxide in cyclohexane diluent[J].Separation and purification technology,2002,27(1):41-50.
80.Inci I.Extraction equilibria of aqueous solution of acetic acid with tri-n-octylamine[J].Journal of Scientific and Indusrial research,2002,61(10):817-822.
81.Jang R S,Wu R T.Effect of a Water-Insoluble Organic Acid on Amine Extraction of Acetic Acid from Aqueous Solution.Equilibtium Studies[J].Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 1996,66(2):160-168.
82.文梅,杨义燕,戴猷元等.三辛胺萃取有机羧酸的机理[J].化工学报,1998,49(3):303-315.
83.马晓龙.络合萃取技术在环境工程中的应用[J].江苏化工,2000,28(2):34-35
84.Laidler K J.Chemical kinetic[D].London:Mc Graw Hill,1975.
85.李洲 萃取动力学研究中的几个问题[J].核科学与工程,1991,11(2):152-158.