SAR运动目标回波模拟方法及其应用研究
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摘要
本文主要研究SAR运动目标检测和成像方法的性能检验问题。通过将一种新的合成孔径雷达原始数据模拟方法，即结合模拟运动点目标回波信号与合成孔径雷达实际原始数据进行数据模拟的方法，应用于合成孔径雷达运动目标成像和检验算法研究，来检验运动目标检测和成像算法的性能。研究结果验证了该方法的有效性和实用性，同时给出了这种方法的应用实例。
文中首先介绍了合成孔径雷达的历史和发展，通过对合成孔径雷达的成像原理和静止目标模型进行分析得到了运动目标回波模型，并对目标运动对雷达回波和成像过程的影响进行了讨论。对目前较常见的频域滤波法、时频分析法等SAR动目标检测和成像方法进行分析和比较。
针对合成孔径雷达运动目标检测算法的验证和评估问题，本文提出了一种新的合成孔径雷达(SAR)原始数据模拟方法，通过将模拟数据和实际测量数据结合在一起形成同时含有模拟运动目标和真实背景回波的SAR原始数据，用以验证和分析SAR运动目标成像和检测算法。两种数据的结合弥补了原有数据模拟方法的不足。文章中介绍了模拟数据的合成方式，并结合实例，对数据合成中遇到的精度变换、回波强度确定等问题进行了分析，给出了可行的解决方案。
通过将合成数据应用于频域滤波法的研究，本文对各种不同参数的模拟运动目标进行了成像和检测效果分析。分析结果验证了合成模拟数据的有效性。对频域滤波法的研究和分析过程本身也给出了应用合成数据研究运动目标成像和检验算法的通用模式。
This thesis studied the performance of SAR moving target detection and imaging algorithm by means of simulation. A new SAR raw data simulation method is presented. Using it in the research of MTD and moving target imaging algorithm shows that the simulation method is suitable. The research also shows the way of applying the new simulation data in SAR algorithm analysing.
The history and the development of SAR are reviewed first. With the analysis of SAR reflection model for still and moving target most MTD and moving target imaging method are summarized.
A new SAR raw data simulation method is then present. The simulation moving target reflection signal is combined with real background reflection data, which generates the simulation SAR raw data. The compound data is tested with the R-D imaging algorithm and the results validate the simulation method.
With the simulation raw data, this thesis studies the MTD and moving target imaging algorithm based on spectral-filter. By applying the method on different moving target data, precise velocity estimation and moving target images are acquired. This research shows that the simulation raw data is suitable for MTD and moving target imaging algorithm research, and also indicates the application mode of the new simulation data.
文中首先介绍了合成孔径雷达的历史和发展，通过对合成孔径雷达的成像原理和静止目标模型进行分析得到了运动目标回波模型，并对目标运动对雷达回波和成像过程的影响进行了讨论。对目前较常见的频域滤波法、时频分析法等SAR动目标检测和成像方法进行分析和比较。
针对合成孔径雷达运动目标检测算法的验证和评估问题，本文提出了一种新的合成孔径雷达(SAR)原始数据模拟方法，通过将模拟数据和实际测量数据结合在一起形成同时含有模拟运动目标和真实背景回波的SAR原始数据，用以验证和分析SAR运动目标成像和检测算法。两种数据的结合弥补了原有数据模拟方法的不足。文章中介绍了模拟数据的合成方式，并结合实例，对数据合成中遇到的精度变换、回波强度确定等问题进行了分析，给出了可行的解决方案。
通过将合成数据应用于频域滤波法的研究，本文对各种不同参数的模拟运动目标进行了成像和检测效果分析。分析结果验证了合成模拟数据的有效性。对频域滤波法的研究和分析过程本身也给出了应用合成数据研究运动目标成像和检验算法的通用模式。
This thesis studied the performance of SAR moving target detection and imaging algorithm by means of simulation. A new SAR raw data simulation method is presented. Using it in the research of MTD and moving target imaging algorithm shows that the simulation method is suitable. The research also shows the way of applying the new simulation data in SAR algorithm analysing.
The history and the development of SAR are reviewed first. With the analysis of SAR reflection model for still and moving target most MTD and moving target imaging method are summarized.
A new SAR raw data simulation method is then present. The simulation moving target reflection signal is combined with real background reflection data, which generates the simulation SAR raw data. The compound data is tested with the R-D imaging algorithm and the results validate the simulation method.
With the simulation raw data, this thesis studies the MTD and moving target imaging algorithm based on spectral-filter. By applying the method on different moving target data, precise velocity estimation and moving target images are acquired. This research shows that the simulation raw data is suitable for MTD and moving target imaging algorithm research, and also indicates the application mode of the new simulation data.
引文
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[22] R.Lanari, A New Method for the Compensation of the SAR Range Cell Migration Based on the Chirp Z Transform, IEEE Trans.on GE, 1995, p1296-1299
[23] J.L.Walker, Range-Doppler Imaging of Rotating Objects, IEEE Trans.on AES, 1980, Vol. 16, No.1 ,p23-32
[24] C.C.Chen and H.C.Andrews, Multifrequency Imaging of Radar Tumable Data, IEEE Trans
on AES, 1980,Vol.16,No.l,p15-22
[25] E.Rodriguez and J.M.Martin, Theory and Design of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar, Proceeding of IEEE, 1992,Vol. 139,No.2,p 147-159
[26] A.Currie, C.D.Hall, A Synthetic Aperture Radar Technique for the Simultaneous Provision of High Resolution Wide Swath Coverage, Conference Proceeding, Military Microwaves 90, Microwave Exhibitions & Publishers Ltd. July 1990
[27] S.Barbarossa, A,Farina, A Novel Procedure for Detecting and Focusing Moving Objects with SAR Based on the Wigner-Ville Distribution, IEEE International Radar Conference, 1990, p44-50
[28] S.Kent, S.Paker, Rejection of Motion Irregulation in SAR Images, EUSAR'96,1996, p147-150
[29] R.Klemm, Real-time Adaptive Airborne MTI, Part Ⅱ: Space-Frequency Processing, 1996,
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[33] J.R.Moreira, A new method of aircraft motion error extraction from radar raw data for real time motion compensation, IEEE Trans. GRS,1990,Vol.28,No.4,p620-626
[34] S.Buehreuss, Motion compensation for airbome SAR based on inertial data, RDM and GPS, IEEE, 1994, p1971-7973
[35] J.R.Moreira and Wolfgang Keydel, A new MTI-SAR approach using the reflectivity displacement method. IEEE Trans. GRS,1995,Vol.33,No.5,p1238-1244
[36] Remi Peyregne, SAR and MTI: a new synthesis for airbornes SAR without using navigation system, EUSAR'96,1996,P489-492
[37] O.Loffeld, FM-Rate Estimation From AzimuthChirpData, EUSAR'96, 1996, p163-166
[38] Martin Kirscht, Detection, Velocity Estimation and Imaging of Moving Targets with Single-Channel SAR, EUSAR'98,1998,p587-590
[39] S.Barbarossa, L.Marsili, G. Mungari, SAR Super-Resolution Imaging by Signal Subspace Projection Techniques, EUSAR'96,1996,P267-270
[40] Gordon, W. Davidson, Some General Properties of SAR Signal and Processing Algorithms. EUSAR'96,P261-266
[41] Jonathan A.Legg, Alan G. Bolon, Douglas A.Gray, SAR Moving Target Detection using a Nonuniform PRI. EUSAR'96,1996,p423-426
[42] Kazuo Ouchi, On the Multilook Images of Moving Targets by Synthetic Aperture Radars, IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propogation, 1985,No.8, p823-827
[43] J.C.Kirk, Jr.,Motion Compensation for Synthetic Aperture Radar, IEEE Trans. on AES, 1975, Vol. 11, No.3,p338-348
[44] J.J.Chao, C.M.Cheng,C.C.Su, A moving target detector base on information fusion, International Conference Radar-90,1990,p341-344
[45] R.P. Perry, R.C.Dipietro, et al., SAR Detection and Imaging of Moving Targets, EUSAR'98,1998, p579-582
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