变速恒频双馈风力发电系统双PWM变流器技术的研究
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摘要
随着世界能源日益紧缺,可再生能源已经得到了广泛的重视,而风能作为一种具有较大潜能的可再生能源开发形式在众多清洁能源中得到了较快的发展。风力发电技术已经成为世界各国学者研究的热点。本文围绕变速恒频双馈风力发电系统双PWM变流器控制技术展开。
研究了双馈感应发电机(DFIG)和双PWM变流器的基本原理,分析了双馈感应发电机在三相ABC静止坐标系下的数学模型,并根据坐标变换原理,推导出两相d-q旋转坐标系下双馈电机的数学模型;分析了双PWM变流器的基本拓扑结构和运行原理,为建立系统的仿真模型奠定理论基础;
根据网侧PWM变流器的基本拓扑结构,建立了数学模型,依据网侧变流器的控制目标,采用了电网电压定向矢量控制策略,根据控制策略的双闭环控制结构,设计出控制电路PI参数整定方法,采用了空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM),实现了对网侧变流器的控制,最后用MATLAB/Simlink搭建仿真模型,验证了控制策略的正确性;
运用定子磁链定向控制理论和双馈电机d ? q坐标系下的数学模型,设计出转子侧PWM变流器的控制策略,根据控制策略的双闭环控制结构,给出了电流内环和电压外环的PI参数整定计算方法,采用u ?ω型定子磁链观测器,实现了磁链的准确的测量,最后用MATLAB/Simlink搭建仿真模型,仿真结果验证了控制策略的正确性;
在网侧PWM变流器和机侧PWM变流器仿真研究基础之上,将网侧与机侧连接构成完整的大系统,对整个系统进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明本文给出的控制策略和参数整定方法能够使双馈异步电机能快速跟随风速变化,满足了网侧和机侧控制目标,实现了变速恒频运行条件,验证了整个系统设计的正确性。
With the increasing scarcity of the energy in the world, renewable energy has been attached great importance widely. As one kind of clean energy ,wind energy has great potential and has been developed rapidly. Wind power technology has become a research hotspot among scholars around the world. Focusing on variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) doubly fed wind power generation system dual PWM converter control technology ,the paper is written as follow.
Firstly, basic principles of VSCF double-fed generator and dual PWM converter are studied, and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) mathematical model basing on ABC three-phase stationary coordinate system is analyzed. Base on tne coordinate transformation principle, the DFIG mathematical model basing on d-q coordinate is derived, and the base topology and operating principle of dual PWM coveter is analyzed.it establish the theoretical foundation of creating the system simulation model.
Moreover, according to the basic structure of PWM Grid Side Converter (GSC), a mathematical model has been established. The voltage oriented control scheme is utilized to meet the goal of GSC that it is controllable. And then the double close loop control provides the setting of PI controller utilizing the space vector pulse-width modulation. Finally, a demonstration of the control scheme has been shown by MATLAB/Simlink.
In addition, a stator flux oriented control theory and DFIG mathematical model basing on d-q coordinate is employed to design the Rotor Side Converter control scheme. A discussion of double close loop adjustor contributes to both close and open loop of the PI setting using a u-w model stator flux monitor. Next, this process has been proved by MATLAB/Simlink.
Lastly, based on the study of both GSC and RSC, both of two side is connected,the whole simulation of this system is built by MATLAB/Simlink. The results show the DFIG performs as the wind speed changing which is meet the requirement of GSC and RSC. Therefore, this is the condition of variable speed constant frequency and it proves the correctness of the system designed.
研究了双馈感应发电机(DFIG)和双PWM变流器的基本原理,分析了双馈感应发电机在三相ABC静止坐标系下的数学模型,并根据坐标变换原理,推导出两相d-q旋转坐标系下双馈电机的数学模型;分析了双PWM变流器的基本拓扑结构和运行原理,为建立系统的仿真模型奠定理论基础;
根据网侧PWM变流器的基本拓扑结构,建立了数学模型,依据网侧变流器的控制目标,采用了电网电压定向矢量控制策略,根据控制策略的双闭环控制结构,设计出控制电路PI参数整定方法,采用了空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM),实现了对网侧变流器的控制,最后用MATLAB/Simlink搭建仿真模型,验证了控制策略的正确性;
运用定子磁链定向控制理论和双馈电机d ? q坐标系下的数学模型,设计出转子侧PWM变流器的控制策略,根据控制策略的双闭环控制结构,给出了电流内环和电压外环的PI参数整定计算方法,采用u ?ω型定子磁链观测器,实现了磁链的准确的测量,最后用MATLAB/Simlink搭建仿真模型,仿真结果验证了控制策略的正确性;
在网侧PWM变流器和机侧PWM变流器仿真研究基础之上,将网侧与机侧连接构成完整的大系统,对整个系统进行仿真研究。仿真结果表明本文给出的控制策略和参数整定方法能够使双馈异步电机能快速跟随风速变化,满足了网侧和机侧控制目标,实现了变速恒频运行条件,验证了整个系统设计的正确性。
With the increasing scarcity of the energy in the world, renewable energy has been attached great importance widely. As one kind of clean energy ,wind energy has great potential and has been developed rapidly. Wind power technology has become a research hotspot among scholars around the world. Focusing on variable speed constant frequency (VSCF) doubly fed wind power generation system dual PWM converter control technology ,the paper is written as follow.
Firstly, basic principles of VSCF double-fed generator and dual PWM converter are studied, and Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) mathematical model basing on ABC three-phase stationary coordinate system is analyzed. Base on tne coordinate transformation principle, the DFIG mathematical model basing on d-q coordinate is derived, and the base topology and operating principle of dual PWM coveter is analyzed.it establish the theoretical foundation of creating the system simulation model.
Moreover, according to the basic structure of PWM Grid Side Converter (GSC), a mathematical model has been established. The voltage oriented control scheme is utilized to meet the goal of GSC that it is controllable. And then the double close loop control provides the setting of PI controller utilizing the space vector pulse-width modulation. Finally, a demonstration of the control scheme has been shown by MATLAB/Simlink.
In addition, a stator flux oriented control theory and DFIG mathematical model basing on d-q coordinate is employed to design the Rotor Side Converter control scheme. A discussion of double close loop adjustor contributes to both close and open loop of the PI setting using a u-w model stator flux monitor. Next, this process has been proved by MATLAB/Simlink.
Lastly, based on the study of both GSC and RSC, both of two side is connected,the whole simulation of this system is built by MATLAB/Simlink. The results show the DFIG performs as the wind speed changing which is meet the requirement of GSC and RSC. Therefore, this is the condition of variable speed constant frequency and it proves the correctness of the system designed.
引文
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[34]张奇伟.双馈风力发电系统的PWM变流技术研究。浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[35]赵振波,李和明.单位功率因数PWM整流器双闭环PI调节器设计[J].电工技术杂志,2003(5):68-71.
[36]张纯江,张金泉,孙孝峰.空间矢量PWM波形的谐波仿真研究.燕山大学学报,2000(2):141~144
[37]孙海生,李含善,任永峰基于SVPWM简化算法的整流器仿真分析.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十四届学术年会论文集2138-2141
[38]周卫平,吴正国.电压空间矢量脉宽调制的简单快速算法[J].电工电能新技术,2005,24(4):28-31.
[39]周卫平,吴正国,唐劲松等.SVPWM的等效算法及SVPWM与SPWM的本质联系[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2):133-137
[37]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究.合肥工业大学博士论文2003
[40] Grid connection of doubly-fed induction generators in wind energy conversion system . CES/IEEE 5th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, v 3, p 1482-1486, 2007.
[41] Stator-Flux-Oriented Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine with and Without Position Encoder. IEEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl.,VOL.147,NO.4,July 2000.pp. 241-250.
[42]陆城.变速恒频风力发电用双PWM变流器的协调控制,中国科学研究院硕士论文,2004.05
[43]全江华.变速恒频双馈电机风力发电系统的研究与仿真分析.合肥工业大学博士论文,2009.03
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[48] Direct voltage control for grid synchronization of doubly-fed induction generators. IEEE Electric Power Components and Systems(JA). VOL.36,Sept 2008.pp. 960-976
[49] Control Of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators for Distributed Wind Power Generation,IEEE Power and Energy Society 2008 General Meeting: Conversion and Delivery of Electrical Energy in the 21st Century, PES,July 20, 2008 - July 24, 2008
[2]李俊峰等著.中国风电发展报告[M],中国环境科学出版社,2008.10
[3]解召辉.风力发电的发展现状及前景.新能源,2009年第6期:52-54
[4]中国风电产业发展研究报告.北京银联信信息咨询中心,2009
[5]施鹏飞.全球风力发电现况及发展趋势.电网与清洁能源,2008,1(7):03-05
[6]秦海岩.2009中国风电发展[M].中国可再生能源学会风能专业委员会,2010.03
[7] Gordon Feller.”China’s wind power”.Available online http://www.EeeWoeld.com,July 15 2006.
[8]严陆光,李安定.我国新能源和可再生能源[M].2002,(6):3～7
[9] Tony Burton,David Sharpe,Nick Jenkins, Ervin Bossanyi. Wind Energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons,Ltd,2001
[10]李建林.风力发电中的电力电子变流技术[M].机械工业出版社,2008.9
[11] Fernando D. Bianchi, Hernán De Battista and Ricardo J. Mantz Wind Turbine Control Systems, Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007
[12]张承慧,崔纳新,李珂等.交流电机变频调速及其应用[M],机械工业出版社,2008.7
[13]韦忠朝,黄省华,陶醒世等,变速恒频双馈发电机运行原理及稳态性能分析华中理工大学学报,1996,24(5)
[14]许善椿,王文举,交流励磁变速恒频发电机原理—基本方程、等效电路、相量图及功率图,《大电机技术》NO5,1996(20-24)
[15]陈伯时,陈敏逊.交流调速系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[16]吴安顺,等最新实用交流调速系统[M].北京;机械工业出版社,1999.
[17]冯垛生,曾岳南.无速度传感器矢量控制原理与实践[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.
[18]三菱电机株式会社.变频器原理与应用教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[19]谢鸿鸣.交流异步电动机按定子磁链定向的电流矢量控制,上海大学出版社,2001.
[20]尔桂花,窦曰轩编著.运动控制系统[M],清华大学出版社,2002
[21]张兴,张崇巍.PWM可逆变流器空间电压矢量控制技术的研究[J].中国电机工程学报2001,21(10):102一105.
[22]张崇巍,张兴编著,PWM整流器及其控制[M].机械工业出版社,2003.10.
[23]赵仁德,贺益康,黄科元等.变速恒频风力发电机用交流励磁电源的研究.电工技术学报,2004,19(6):1-6.
[24] Hong-seok Song,Kwanghee Nam.Dual current control scheme for PWM converter under unbalanced input volter conditions.IEEE Trans Ind Electonics,1999,46(5):953~959
[25] Ye Y,Kazerani M,Quintana V H.A novel modeling and controlmethod for three-phase PWM converters[C].PESC.2001 IEEE 32th Annual:102-107.
[26]杨淑英.双馈型风力发电变流器及其控制合肥工业大学博士论文,2007.10
[27]伍小杰,柴建云,王祥晰.变速恒频双馈风力发电系统交流励磁综述.电力系统自动化,2004(23):92- 96.
[28]李辉,杨顺昌,廖勇,何蓓.变速恒频双馈发电机励磁控制策略综述.电工技术杂志,2002(12):5·8.
[29]李宋,陈梅.交流励磁双馈风力发电机双PWM控制系统的仿真研究[J].防爆电机,2006,41(1):11-14.
[30]白晶,赵广山,叶延亮,周振雄,曲永印.双PWM变频器整流控制策略的研究[J].北华大学学报:自然科学版,2006,7(4):371-373
[31]陆城.变速恒频风力发电用双PWM变流器的协调控制[D].北京:中国科学院电工研究所,2004.
[32]李宋,陈梅.交流励磁双馈风力发电机双PWM控制系统的仿真研究[J].防爆电机,2006,41(1):11-14.
[33]李大虎,石新春,三相电压型PWM整流器及其控制策略的仿真,大功率变流技术.2010.3:19-23
[34]张奇伟.双馈风力发电系统的PWM变流技术研究。浙江工业大学硕士学位论文.2009.
[35]赵振波,李和明.单位功率因数PWM整流器双闭环PI调节器设计[J].电工技术杂志,2003(5):68-71.
[36]张纯江,张金泉,孙孝峰.空间矢量PWM波形的谐波仿真研究.燕山大学学报,2000(2):141~144
[37]孙海生,李含善,任永峰基于SVPWM简化算法的整流器仿真分析.中国高等学校电力系统及其自动化专业第二十四届学术年会论文集2138-2141
[38]周卫平,吴正国.电压空间矢量脉宽调制的简单快速算法[J].电工电能新技术,2005,24(4):28-31.
[39]周卫平,吴正国,唐劲松等.SVPWM的等效算法及SVPWM与SPWM的本质联系[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(2):133-137
[37]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究.合肥工业大学博士论文2003
[40] Grid connection of doubly-fed induction generators in wind energy conversion system . CES/IEEE 5th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, v 3, p 1482-1486, 2007.
[41] Stator-Flux-Oriented Control of a Doubly-Fed Induction Machine with and Without Position Encoder. IEEE Proc.-Electr.Power Appl.,VOL.147,NO.4,July 2000.pp. 241-250.
[42]陆城.变速恒频风力发电用双PWM变流器的协调控制,中国科学研究院硕士论文,2004.05
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