风电系统电压稳定性的Hopf分岔研究
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摘要
由于风电系统输出功率的不确定性和随机性，使电压稳定性问题成为束缚大规模风电并网的瓶颈。应用分岔理论分析风电系统的电压稳定性具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。本文主要工作如下：
1、基于恒速恒频风电机组建立风电场的动态等值模型，选择风电场注入系统有功功率和无功功率为分岔控制参数，计算得出了风电系统接入点电压的动态分岔曲线和功率稳定分岔边界。分析表明系统接入点电压随着风电机组功率变化存在复杂的分岔现象，在极值分岔点之前可能存在Hopf分岔现象，说明目前常用的以静态功率极限点估算系统稳定裕度的方法偏于乐观。同时在算法上，通过把延拓法和直接法相结合，成功地将关键特征值法引入到多参数分岔分析中，使Hopf分岔点的追踪计算更加简化、速度更快。
2、基于简单的含风电场的单机对无穷大电力系统，以风电场注入系统有功功率的变化量作为分岔参数，对比分析了不加装无功补偿装置和分别安装静止无功补偿器（Static Var Compensator，SVC）及静止同步补偿器（Static Synchronous Compensator，STATCOM）三种情况下的Hopf分岔现象。结果表明在不加装无功补偿装置的情况下，当系统运行点逼近Hopf分岔点时，系统电压幅值跌落和振荡频率都很大。当接入点处加装SVC和STATCOM无功补偿装置后，可以有效地减小系统电压振荡、抑制Hopf分岔的发生，同时在一定程度上增加了系统运行的稳定域。进一步的理论分析和数字仿真表明，由于STATCOM的动态性能比SVC的更好，因此装设STATCOM能够更加有效、及时地抑制Hopf分岔发生时系统电压的波动。
Since the output power of wind farm is unstable and random, voltage stability problemhas become the bottleneck of interconnecting wind farm with power grid. It has importanttheoretical and actual value that bifurcation theory is applied to analyze the voltage stabilityof wind power system. The main achievements involve the following aspects:
1. The dynamic equivalent model of wind farm is built based on the constant speedconstant frequency wind generator. The injected active power and reactive power of windfarm are chosen as the control parameters, and the dynamic bifurcation curve of the voltage atthe access point of wind farm is obtained, as well as the bifurcation boundary of stable power.The analysis indicates that wind power systems exist complicated bifurcation phenomena aswind turbines injecting power varies, and it is possible that hopf bifurcation occurs beforelimit point in the power system. Therefore it is biased towards optimism that the stabilitymargin is usually estimated by static power limit point. Concerning the algorithm, this papernot only combines the continuation method with direct method, but also successfullyintroduces the critical eigenvalue method to multiparameter bifurcation analysis. As a resultthe hopf bifurcation point can be more succinctly tracked and quickly calculated.
2. Based on the single machine infinite bus system including wind farm, the variation ofwind farm injecting active power is chosen as the control parameter, and contrastive analysisabout hopf bifurcation phenomena in wind systerm is conducted in three differentcircumstances that without compensation device, applying SVC and applying STATCOM ataccess poin where wind farm is connected with infinite system. The research showes that inthe condition without compensation device, the voltage amplitude falls and the frequencyoscillation varies widely when the system operating point approaches hopf bifurcation point.By applying SVC and STATCOM it can effectively reduce the system voltage oscillation,restrain hopf bifurcation phenomena and to some extent increase the system stable operationregion. Further theoretical analysis and digital simulation show that the dynamic performanceof STATCOM is superior to SVC, and STATCOM is able to more effectively and timelyretrain system voltage fluctuation in the case of hopf bifurcation happening.
1、基于恒速恒频风电机组建立风电场的动态等值模型，选择风电场注入系统有功功率和无功功率为分岔控制参数，计算得出了风电系统接入点电压的动态分岔曲线和功率稳定分岔边界。分析表明系统接入点电压随着风电机组功率变化存在复杂的分岔现象，在极值分岔点之前可能存在Hopf分岔现象，说明目前常用的以静态功率极限点估算系统稳定裕度的方法偏于乐观。同时在算法上，通过把延拓法和直接法相结合，成功地将关键特征值法引入到多参数分岔分析中，使Hopf分岔点的追踪计算更加简化、速度更快。
2、基于简单的含风电场的单机对无穷大电力系统，以风电场注入系统有功功率的变化量作为分岔参数，对比分析了不加装无功补偿装置和分别安装静止无功补偿器（Static Var Compensator，SVC）及静止同步补偿器（Static Synchronous Compensator，STATCOM）三种情况下的Hopf分岔现象。结果表明在不加装无功补偿装置的情况下，当系统运行点逼近Hopf分岔点时，系统电压幅值跌落和振荡频率都很大。当接入点处加装SVC和STATCOM无功补偿装置后，可以有效地减小系统电压振荡、抑制Hopf分岔的发生，同时在一定程度上增加了系统运行的稳定域。进一步的理论分析和数字仿真表明，由于STATCOM的动态性能比SVC的更好，因此装设STATCOM能够更加有效、及时地抑制Hopf分岔发生时系统电压的波动。
Since the output power of wind farm is unstable and random, voltage stability problemhas become the bottleneck of interconnecting wind farm with power grid. It has importanttheoretical and actual value that bifurcation theory is applied to analyze the voltage stabilityof wind power system. The main achievements involve the following aspects:
1. The dynamic equivalent model of wind farm is built based on the constant speedconstant frequency wind generator. The injected active power and reactive power of windfarm are chosen as the control parameters, and the dynamic bifurcation curve of the voltage atthe access point of wind farm is obtained, as well as the bifurcation boundary of stable power.The analysis indicates that wind power systems exist complicated bifurcation phenomena aswind turbines injecting power varies, and it is possible that hopf bifurcation occurs beforelimit point in the power system. Therefore it is biased towards optimism that the stabilitymargin is usually estimated by static power limit point. Concerning the algorithm, this papernot only combines the continuation method with direct method, but also successfullyintroduces the critical eigenvalue method to multiparameter bifurcation analysis. As a resultthe hopf bifurcation point can be more succinctly tracked and quickly calculated.
2. Based on the single machine infinite bus system including wind farm, the variation ofwind farm injecting active power is chosen as the control parameter, and contrastive analysisabout hopf bifurcation phenomena in wind systerm is conducted in three differentcircumstances that without compensation device, applying SVC and applying STATCOM ataccess poin where wind farm is connected with infinite system. The research showes that inthe condition without compensation device, the voltage amplitude falls and the frequencyoscillation varies widely when the system operating point approaches hopf bifurcation point.By applying SVC and STATCOM it can effectively reduce the system voltage oscillation,restrain hopf bifurcation phenomena and to some extent increase the system stable operationregion. Further theoretical analysis and digital simulation show that the dynamic performanceof STATCOM is superior to SVC, and STATCOM is able to more effectively and timelyretrain system voltage fluctuation in the case of hopf bifurcation happening.
引文
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