含风电场的电力系统频率稳定分析研究
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摘要
风能是一种清洁的可再生能源能源,在绿色能源与可持续发展的大力推进和倡导之下,风力发电是我们的必然选择。但风力发电不同于传统的发电方式,由于风能的高度随机性与波动性,导致风电并网对电力系统产生很大的影响。
本论文基于DIgSILENT/PowerFactory(DPF)仿真软件,以频率稳定作为对象,研究分析了风电与电力系统之间的相互影响。首先,研究分析了风电机组运行的机理,并详细推导了仿真使用的恒速异步风机与双馈感应风机的数学模型;其次,在新疆电网的基础上,研究了电网侧发生扰动与风电场发生扰动后的系统频率响应,及风电接入后对频率的时空特性分布的影响;第三,采用减少系统发电容量与增加负荷容量等两种方式来适应风电注入功率大小,分析了风电场注入功率对系统频率稳定性的影响;最后,建立了自动发电控制的ACE模型,仿真分析了风电场输出功率波动后频率的二次调整。
由本论文的研究结果可知,不同类型的风电机组的频率响应特性不同,当频率发生变化时,恒速异步风机对频率可提供支持作用,而双馈感应风机的解耦控制使其对频率变化的影响较小;并且风电接入后改变了频率的时空分布特性,使频率控制装置出现“非选择性”动作情况。随着风电注入功率的增加,若采用减小发电容量的方式来适应风电容量,当频率发生跌落或增加时,频率的变化值较大;与之相比,若采用增加相同容量的系统负荷来适应风电容量,则频率发生跌落或增加时,频率的变化值较小,而且恒速异步风机对频率的变化值影响较大。如果风电场的输出功率变化引起系统频率波动时,可采用自动发电控制来抑制频率波动,实现频率的二次调整,使频率恢复到额定值。
Wind power is a kind of clean and renewable energy. Under the promotion and avocation of green energy and sustainable development, wind power is the first choice for generation. But wind power different from the traditional way of generating, because of its highly volatility. So wind power injection has a significant influence on the stability of electrical network.
In this paper, the frequency stability of power system after wind power injection is studied and analyzed based on DPF software. Firstly, the operation mechanism of wind power unit is analyzed, and the mathematical model of FSG and DFIG are detailedly deduced. Secondly, the equivalent model of wind farm is established based on DPF, the system frequency response is studied after the disruptions occurred on the grid and wind farm based on the network of Xinjiang, and then the influence on the frequency space-time characteristics after the wind power access to the grid is analyzed. Thirdly, the effect on the stability of the system frequency with the changes of wind power injection capacity is analyzed based on a test system. Finally, the SFR is simulated, based on an other test system, resulted from the output power fluctuations of wind farm.
The results, in this paper, show that the frequency response is different from wind turbine type to type. The FSG can provide support to frequency, instead the DFIG has little influence on the frequency under its decoupling control. The frequency time-space characteristic is changed after wind power access, and the nonselective of frequency control device will appear. If the way of generating decommittment was used to adapt to the wind power injection, when the frequency drop or increase, the change value of frequency is larger than the way of loading increasing. The AGC can be used to restrain the frequency fluctuations caused by the change of wind farm output power, and make it restored to normal value.
本论文基于DIgSILENT/PowerFactory(DPF)仿真软件,以频率稳定作为对象,研究分析了风电与电力系统之间的相互影响。首先,研究分析了风电机组运行的机理,并详细推导了仿真使用的恒速异步风机与双馈感应风机的数学模型;其次,在新疆电网的基础上,研究了电网侧发生扰动与风电场发生扰动后的系统频率响应,及风电接入后对频率的时空特性分布的影响;第三,采用减少系统发电容量与增加负荷容量等两种方式来适应风电注入功率大小,分析了风电场注入功率对系统频率稳定性的影响;最后,建立了自动发电控制的ACE模型,仿真分析了风电场输出功率波动后频率的二次调整。
由本论文的研究结果可知,不同类型的风电机组的频率响应特性不同,当频率发生变化时,恒速异步风机对频率可提供支持作用,而双馈感应风机的解耦控制使其对频率变化的影响较小;并且风电接入后改变了频率的时空分布特性,使频率控制装置出现“非选择性”动作情况。随着风电注入功率的增加,若采用减小发电容量的方式来适应风电容量,当频率发生跌落或增加时,频率的变化值较大;与之相比,若采用增加相同容量的系统负荷来适应风电容量,则频率发生跌落或增加时,频率的变化值较小,而且恒速异步风机对频率的变化值影响较大。如果风电场的输出功率变化引起系统频率波动时,可采用自动发电控制来抑制频率波动,实现频率的二次调整,使频率恢复到额定值。
Wind power is a kind of clean and renewable energy. Under the promotion and avocation of green energy and sustainable development, wind power is the first choice for generation. But wind power different from the traditional way of generating, because of its highly volatility. So wind power injection has a significant influence on the stability of electrical network.
In this paper, the frequency stability of power system after wind power injection is studied and analyzed based on DPF software. Firstly, the operation mechanism of wind power unit is analyzed, and the mathematical model of FSG and DFIG are detailedly deduced. Secondly, the equivalent model of wind farm is established based on DPF, the system frequency response is studied after the disruptions occurred on the grid and wind farm based on the network of Xinjiang, and then the influence on the frequency space-time characteristics after the wind power access to the grid is analyzed. Thirdly, the effect on the stability of the system frequency with the changes of wind power injection capacity is analyzed based on a test system. Finally, the SFR is simulated, based on an other test system, resulted from the output power fluctuations of wind farm.
The results, in this paper, show that the frequency response is different from wind turbine type to type. The FSG can provide support to frequency, instead the DFIG has little influence on the frequency under its decoupling control. The frequency time-space characteristic is changed after wind power access, and the nonselective of frequency control device will appear. If the way of generating decommittment was used to adapt to the wind power injection, when the frequency drop or increase, the change value of frequency is larger than the way of loading increasing. The AGC can be used to restrain the frequency fluctuations caused by the change of wind farm output power, and make it restored to normal value.
引文
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