贫困地区化学教学中学生科学素养的培养与实践
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摘要
随着社会的进步,需要公民具备较高的科学素养,才能适应社会的发展需要。而在我国西部的一些边远贫困地区由于经济落后,教育资源相对贫乏,学生知识基础相对薄弱,学校教育在很大程度上只重视升学率,过分强调知识的讲解和传授,忽视了科学方法,科学过程的培养,削弱了科学情感、态度与价值观,科学、技术与社会的关系等方面的教育。这种教育方式不利于学生科学素养的培养,更不利于学生的终生发展。
本文从科学素养的内涵出发,.参照国际上通用的科学素养调查问卷,也就是我国四次公众科学素养调查采用的调查问卷,编制了一份中学生科学素养调查问卷,对贫困县的大关县一中高中三个年级部分学生进行抽样调查。通过对调查结果统计、分析,了解了贫困地区中学生科学素养的发展水平存在很大问题,表现在获取科学知识的途径和方法存在很大的偏差；科学态度、责任心不强；对科学研究过程和方法不甚了解；应用科学知识于生活的能力很差；学生的学习方式单一、缺乏创新精神和自主精神。在揭示问题的基础上,探讨了如何在边远贫困地区的化学教学中培养学生的科学素养,并从科学知识与地域特色、技能、科学探究,科学情感、态度与价值观和科学、技术与社会的关系三个方面介绍本人的几点教学对策与教学途径,为寻求提高教育贫困地区中学生科学素养的途径和方法提供了一定的依据。
With the development of society, citizens are expected to have higher scientific literacy to meet the demands of society. However, in some poor region in western of our country, schools just pay much attention to the rate of the admitted students or just give the students some explanations of knowledge. They put too much emphasis on the teaching and explanation of pure knowledge, and ignore the cultivation of scientific methods and scientific processes. As a result, they have weakened not only the importance of scientific emotion, scientific attitudes and scientific values, but also the importance of the relation between science, technology and society. This kind of education is bad for the cultivation of scientific literacy, and even worse for the lifelong development of students.
The essay beginning with the connotation of scientific literacy, international general scientific literacy's resourceful paper which is adopted by the public scientific literacy's research, the author redacted a resourceful paper of middle school student's scientific literacy and investigated the students of grade three of senior school. It is believed that there lie a lot of questions of development about middle school student's scientific literacy by statistic, analysis of the resourceful results. The essay resolves the problems and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage that effect middle school student's scientific literacy. I have mainly talked about how to cultivate the students' scientific literacy in chemistry teaching of less developed areas through the study of scientific knowledge and regional characteristic, skills and scientific researches, through the study of scientific emotions, attitudes and values, and through the study of the relation between science, technology and society. I have also explained my teaching strategies and teaching approaches in the process of the cultivation of scientific literacy. It offers definite warranty of improving the road and method of education in less developed areas middle school student's scientific literacy.
本文从科学素养的内涵出发,.参照国际上通用的科学素养调查问卷,也就是我国四次公众科学素养调查采用的调查问卷,编制了一份中学生科学素养调查问卷,对贫困县的大关县一中高中三个年级部分学生进行抽样调查。通过对调查结果统计、分析,了解了贫困地区中学生科学素养的发展水平存在很大问题,表现在获取科学知识的途径和方法存在很大的偏差；科学态度、责任心不强；对科学研究过程和方法不甚了解；应用科学知识于生活的能力很差；学生的学习方式单一、缺乏创新精神和自主精神。在揭示问题的基础上,探讨了如何在边远贫困地区的化学教学中培养学生的科学素养,并从科学知识与地域特色、技能、科学探究,科学情感、态度与价值观和科学、技术与社会的关系三个方面介绍本人的几点教学对策与教学途径,为寻求提高教育贫困地区中学生科学素养的途径和方法提供了一定的依据。
With the development of society, citizens are expected to have higher scientific literacy to meet the demands of society. However, in some poor region in western of our country, schools just pay much attention to the rate of the admitted students or just give the students some explanations of knowledge. They put too much emphasis on the teaching and explanation of pure knowledge, and ignore the cultivation of scientific methods and scientific processes. As a result, they have weakened not only the importance of scientific emotion, scientific attitudes and scientific values, but also the importance of the relation between science, technology and society. This kind of education is bad for the cultivation of scientific literacy, and even worse for the lifelong development of students.
The essay beginning with the connotation of scientific literacy, international general scientific literacy's resourceful paper which is adopted by the public scientific literacy's research, the author redacted a resourceful paper of middle school student's scientific literacy and investigated the students of grade three of senior school. It is believed that there lie a lot of questions of development about middle school student's scientific literacy by statistic, analysis of the resourceful results. The essay resolves the problems and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage that effect middle school student's scientific literacy. I have mainly talked about how to cultivate the students' scientific literacy in chemistry teaching of less developed areas through the study of scientific knowledge and regional characteristic, skills and scientific researches, through the study of scientific emotions, attitudes and values, and through the study of the relation between science, technology and society. I have also explained my teaching strategies and teaching approaches in the process of the cultivation of scientific literacy. It offers definite warranty of improving the road and method of education in less developed areas middle school student's scientific literacy.
引文
1 李俊.谈科学素质[J],北京教育,1998,12：16.
2 黄炜.“科学素养”的历史演进及其启事[D/OL], http://219.138.8.12/hw/showarticle.asp?2004,5.
3 金兼斌.科学素养的概念及其测量[D/OL],http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/docsn/cbx/newmedia/academic/theory/zw/scientific%2000,5
4 喻建国.提高科学素养——对科学素养的基本认识[D/OL],http://www.pj.edu.sh.cn/eis/xlxz/show.asp?id=1582004,12.
5 文庆城,李凤.提升学生对化学的理解,培养科学素养[J],中学化学教学参考,2004,8-9：46.
6 魏明通.科学素养[D/OL], http:/222.132.53.46/fzyww/readNews.asp?newID=4749,2004,5.
7 圆正.科学素养之我见——观点综述与体系结构[D/OL],httD://210.72.10.8/webpage/zgkpyj/kDlt/data/web-1005.htmi.2004.5.
8 邢启红.科学素养的内涵[D/OL], http://www.bjbhxx.net/go.asp?id=3363,2004,12.
9 方红峰.论初中《科学》课程教材的设计[J].课程.教材.教法,2002,10：6-7.
10 王君伟.结合课程改革培养学生的科学探究能力[D/OL],http://202.107.232.248/jsdszx/zrkx/list.asp?unid=139,2004,12.
11 陶林.科学探究的过程和层次[J],福建教育,2003,10：58.
12 李江林,张应强.关于科学教育观的探讨[D/OL], http://www.chinaese.org/show. asp? id=1380,2004.12.
13 李巧利.化学学科教学如何开展研究性学习[J],中学化学教学参考,2004,1-2：75.
14 邵瑞珍.教育心理学[M],第9版,上海：上海教育出版社,2004.57-58.
15 袁运开,王顺义.应给学生以什么样的科学素质[D/OL],http://211.100.20.173:8008/trtz/upload/edu/biologyl/2-2/nr/tjyw-2.htm,,2004,12.
16 邵瑞珍.教育心理学[M],第9版,上海：上海教育出版社,2004,181.
17 李赤,连凤羽.试谈化学教育中科学素养的培养[J],中学化学教学参考,1997,4：15-16.
18 朱嘉泰,李俊.简析中学化学教学中的素质教育[J],中学化学教学参考,1998,4：9.
19 顾志跃.论科学素养[D/OL], http://www.wjhtxx.com/jswz/wxj/Article-print. asp?ArticleID=116,2004.11.
20 崔迎春.STS教育与《全日制义务教育化学课程标准》[J].化学教育,2003,11：14.
21 高金莲.科学教育应给予中学生什么科学素养[D/OL],http://www.er.e21.edu.cn/Article-print.222.asp?ArticIeID=293,2004,12.
22 袁建芳.浅谈在中学化学教学中渗透STS教育[D/OL], http://www.humbjy.com/thesis/show. asp?id=12,2004,11.
23 朱开伟.中学生现代科学素养与评估研究[D/OL],http://www.zjscedu.org/Article-print.asp?ArticleID=725,2004,12.
24 中国教育科研计算机网：2001年我国公众科学素养调查主要数据
25 王后雄.化学课程教育学[M],华中师范大学出版社,2004,215-218.
26 毕华林.亓英丽.化学教育新视角[M],山东教育出版社,2004,31-32.
27 顾润和.浅谈化学教学中的激励方法[J],中学化学教学参考,2003,8-9：1-6.
28 张丽霞.浅谈化学教学方法的改革[D/OL],http://www.doule.org/school/shigangz/items/jyjy/lwol6.htm,2004,11.
29 姚有为,中学化学诗歌[D/OL], http://www.yaoyouwei.com,2006,7.
30 袁振国.当代教育学[M],第2版,北京：教育科学出版社,2004,114-115.
31 朱立峰.谈谈化学实验技能的培养[J],化学教育,2002,7-8：66-67.
32 刘四方,刘永舜,任渠,陈光清,张建选,山艳.新课程标准下开展化学探究性学习的实践与探索[J],中学化学教学参考,2004,5：26.
33 张智峰.浅谈化学研究性学习[J],中学化学教学参考,2003,3：20.
34 周慧英.对研究性学习的认识和探索[J],中学化学教学参考,2001,10：5.
35 裴新宁.化学教学中全面培养学生能力若干问题的探究[J],化学教育,2001,3：19
36 陈世华.化学教学要渗透STS教育[J],中学化学教学参考,2002,6：61.
37 梁建军.职业学校化学教学中的化学史教育[J],化学教育,2003,11：52.
2 黄炜.“科学素养”的历史演进及其启事[D/OL], http://219.138.8.12/hw/showarticle.asp?2004,5.
3 金兼斌.科学素养的概念及其测量[D/OL],http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/docsn/cbx/newmedia/academic/theory/zw/scientific%2000,5
4 喻建国.提高科学素养——对科学素养的基本认识[D/OL],http://www.pj.edu.sh.cn/eis/xlxz/show.asp?id=1582004,12.
5 文庆城,李凤.提升学生对化学的理解,培养科学素养[J],中学化学教学参考,2004,8-9：46.
6 魏明通.科学素养[D/OL], http:/222.132.53.46/fzyww/readNews.asp?newID=4749,2004,5.
7 圆正.科学素养之我见——观点综述与体系结构[D/OL],httD://210.72.10.8/webpage/zgkpyj/kDlt/data/web-1005.htmi.2004.5.
8 邢启红.科学素养的内涵[D/OL], http://www.bjbhxx.net/go.asp?id=3363,2004,12.
9 方红峰.论初中《科学》课程教材的设计[J].课程.教材.教法,2002,10：6-7.
10 王君伟.结合课程改革培养学生的科学探究能力[D/OL],http://202.107.232.248/jsdszx/zrkx/list.asp?unid=139,2004,12.
11 陶林.科学探究的过程和层次[J],福建教育,2003,10：58.
12 李江林,张应强.关于科学教育观的探讨[D/OL], http://www.chinaese.org/show. asp? id=1380,2004.12.
13 李巧利.化学学科教学如何开展研究性学习[J],中学化学教学参考,2004,1-2：75.
14 邵瑞珍.教育心理学[M],第9版,上海：上海教育出版社,2004.57-58.
15 袁运开,王顺义.应给学生以什么样的科学素质[D/OL],http://211.100.20.173:8008/trtz/upload/edu/biologyl/2-2/nr/tjyw-2.htm,,2004,12.
16 邵瑞珍.教育心理学[M],第9版,上海：上海教育出版社,2004,181.
17 李赤,连凤羽.试谈化学教育中科学素养的培养[J],中学化学教学参考,1997,4：15-16.
18 朱嘉泰,李俊.简析中学化学教学中的素质教育[J],中学化学教学参考,1998,4：9.
19 顾志跃.论科学素养[D/OL], http://www.wjhtxx.com/jswz/wxj/Article-print. asp?ArticleID=116,2004.11.
20 崔迎春.STS教育与《全日制义务教育化学课程标准》[J].化学教育,2003,11：14.
21 高金莲.科学教育应给予中学生什么科学素养[D/OL],http://www.er.e21.edu.cn/Article-print.222.asp?ArticIeID=293,2004,12.
22 袁建芳.浅谈在中学化学教学中渗透STS教育[D/OL], http://www.humbjy.com/thesis/show. asp?id=12,2004,11.
23 朱开伟.中学生现代科学素养与评估研究[D/OL],http://www.zjscedu.org/Article-print.asp?ArticleID=725,2004,12.
24 中国教育科研计算机网：2001年我国公众科学素养调查主要数据
25 王后雄.化学课程教育学[M],华中师范大学出版社,2004,215-218.
26 毕华林.亓英丽.化学教育新视角[M],山东教育出版社,2004,31-32.
27 顾润和.浅谈化学教学中的激励方法[J],中学化学教学参考,2003,8-9：1-6.
28 张丽霞.浅谈化学教学方法的改革[D/OL],http://www.doule.org/school/shigangz/items/jyjy/lwol6.htm,2004,11.
29 姚有为,中学化学诗歌[D/OL], http://www.yaoyouwei.com,2006,7.
30 袁振国.当代教育学[M],第2版,北京：教育科学出版社,2004,114-115.
31 朱立峰.谈谈化学实验技能的培养[J],化学教育,2002,7-8：66-67.
32 刘四方,刘永舜,任渠,陈光清,张建选,山艳.新课程标准下开展化学探究性学习的实践与探索[J],中学化学教学参考,2004,5：26.
33 张智峰.浅谈化学研究性学习[J],中学化学教学参考,2003,3：20.
34 周慧英.对研究性学习的认识和探索[J],中学化学教学参考,2001,10：5.
35 裴新宁.化学教学中全面培养学生能力若干问题的探究[J],化学教育,2001,3：19
36 陈世华.化学教学要渗透STS教育[J],中学化学教学参考,2002,6：61.
37 梁建军.职业学校化学教学中的化学史教育[J],化学教育,2003,11：52.