农村微型企业创业：信息需求与信息支持研究
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摘要
近年来,以投入少、规模小、经营灵活为特征的农村微型企业(RME)大量出现,在繁荣农村经济、增加农民就业、推动农业创新、催生农业产业化等方面,发挥着积极的作用。显然,在农村微型企业创业(RMEE)过程中,信息是一种非常重要的战略性创业资源,它不仅能影响其它创业资源的有效利用,而且能通过减少和替代物质资源的消耗,产生新的生产力效应。然而,由于RME受到地理位置、市场结构、经济发展状态等因素制约,它们大多都处于一种“信息贫瘠”的状态。由此,在RMEE过程中,如何为其提供高效的信息支持应当成为学者们关注的一个重要课题。基于此,本文从RMEE信息需求入手,尝试构建符合我国“三农”实情的RMEE信息支持模式。研究的核心内容与主要结论如下：
1.基于动静二重性的农村微型企业创业信息需求研究。本文第3章首先论证了信息需求的动静二重性特征,然后从静态维度和动态维度分析了RMEE信息需求。其中,静态维度的RMEE信息需求就是对信息本身(或信息客体)的需求,与创业主体需要解决的现实问题紧密相关；动态维度的RMEE信息需求就是解决现实创业问题的需求,即创业主体利用信息解决现实问题的动态过程,包括RMEE信息获取、RMEE信息认知、RMEE信息再生、RMEE信息施效等环节。
2.农村微型企业创业信息需求实证研究。本文第4章对RMEE信息需求展开了大规模实证调研。结果表明,我国RMEE信息需求的现实特征基本可归纳如下：(1)从静态维度看,RMEE信息需求内容具有多样化、高层次依赖的复杂性特征；(2)从动态维度看,RMEE信息运动的各个环节体现出低效性的特征。究其原因,主要有两个方面：一方面信息源过渡分散且质量偏低,另一方面是创业主体相关能力不足。
3.农村微型企业创业信息支持的过程机制研究。本文第5章以RMEE信息运动过程为依据,结合我国RMEE信息需求的现实特征,探讨RMEE信息支持的过程机制及其基本要素,并以此为依据对我国RMEE信息支持的现有形式进行了梳理。分析表明：(1)RMEE信息支持过程是由“信息获取支持”和“信息认知与—再生支持”两阶段组成。(2)RMEE信息支持过程牵涉众多要素：主体要素、信息内容要素、信息技术要素、信息渠道要素以及环境要素等。(3)我国RMEE信息支持的现有形式在过程和要素等方面都存在明显不足。
4.农村微型企业创业信息支持协同模式研究。本文第6章借鉴协同理论构建了基于“供给+协作”双主体协同的RMEE信息支持模式,并运用Stackelberg博弈模型对其协同机理进行了分析。结论如下：(1)供给主体的参与率越大,则RMEE信息支持的绩效越大；(2)RMEE信息支持中各主体的最优参与率与其边际收益正相关；(3)对协作主体来说,参与信息支持将会获益。总之,RMEE信息支持绩效的提升有赖于供给主体和协作主体的共同参与和互相合作。
5.政府主导的农村微型企业创业供给式信息支持研究。本文第7章从政府主体的角度,构建RMEE供给式信息支持体制,通过信息采集、信息组织、信息传递等流程向创业主体提供信息。其中,RMEE供给式信息支持体制是一个以政府领导为依托、国家和地方纵向协作、各级政府部门横向联动所构成的纵横交错的网络结构,RMEE信息中心是其核心组成,它负责统一管理和协调RMEE供给式信息支持工作。
6.农村社区网络主导的农村微型企业创业协作式信息支持研究。本文第8章首先从协作式学习的角度阐述了农村社区网络对RMEE协作式信息支持的作用机理,认为农村社区网络的关系变量和结构变量将对协作式学习参与者的协作意愿、解释能力、学习能力、知识基础、交流方式等产生作用,进而改变协作式学习效果,从而影响RMEE协作式信息支持绩效。然后,依据社会网络分析的基本原理,提出了面向RMEE协作式信息支持的农村社区网络优化策略。最后,通过实证分析探讨了以创业主体为中心的关系网络对协作式信息支持绩效的影响,并进一步检验了相关研究结论。
In recent years, a large number of RME's characterized by small investment, small size and flexible operation have emerged, playing a positive role in flourishing rural economy, increasing rural employment, promoting agricultural innovation and accelerate agriculture industrialization. Obviously, in the course of RMEE, information is a very important strategic entrepreneurial resource. It can not only affect the effective utilization of other entrepreneurial resources, but also cause new productivity effect through decreasing and replacing consumption of material resources. However, due to restrictions of factors such as the geographic location, market structure, economy development status, most RME stay in a state of "information insufficiency". Therefore, how to provide RME with effective information support in the course of RMEE should become an important issue to be studied by scholars. Hence, this paper tries to construct RMEE information support model as appropriate to the actual situation of "agriculture, village and farmer" from the approach to meeting RMEE information demand. The core content and main conclusion are as follows:
1. Study of RMEE information demand based on duality of dynamic and static nature. The third chapter of this paper argues duality of dynamic and static nature of information demand, and then analyzes RMEE information demand from static and dynamic perspectives. In particular, RMEE information demand from static perspectives refers to demand to information itself (or information object) which is closely related to the realistic issues to be solved by the entrepreneur subject; RMEE information demand from dynamic perspectives refers to demand to solve the realistic entrepreneurial issues, namely, dynamic process in which the entrepreneur subject solves the realistic issues using information, including stages such as REMM information acquisition, RMEE information perception, RMEE information regeneration, RMEE information application.
2. Empirical study of RMEE information demand. Chapter IV of this paper provides extensive empirical research on RMEE information demand. As indicated in the results, the actual characteristics of RMEE information demand in our country may be summarized as follows:(1) From static perspective, RMEE information demand content has complex characteristics of diversity and high-level dependency; (2) From dynamic perspective, each stage of RMEE information movement has characteristic of low efficiency. There are two reasons for the above characteristics, the first is over dispersion of information source, and the second is incapability of the entrepreneur subject.
3. Study of the process mechanism of RMEE information support. Chapter V of this paper, based on RMEE information movement process as well as the actual characteristics of RMEE information demand in our country, discusses the process mechanism of RMEE information support and the basic elements thereof and further classified the current forms of RMEE information support in our country. As indicated in the analysis, (1) RMEE information support process consists of two stages, "information acquisition support" and "information perception and regeneration support"; (2) RMEE information support process involves many elements:subject, information content, information techniques, information channels and relevant information environment, etc.; (3) there is obvious insufficiency in the current forms of RMEE information support in our country with regard to process and elements.
4. Study of RMEE information support synergy model. Chapter VI of this paper, with reference to synergy theory, constructs RMEE information support model based on "supply+ synergy" double-subject synergy, and analyzes the synergy mechanism using Stackelberg game model. The conclusion is as follows:(1) the higher level at which the supply subject participates, the greater total benefit of the information support; (2) Participation rate of information support will be affected by marginal benefit; (3) Synergy subjects who participate in information support will get benefit. Thus, realization of the synergy effect of RMEE information support depends on mutual participation and cooperation of supply subject and synergy subject.
5. Study of RMEE supply-type information support guided by government. Chapter VII of this paper, from the approach of governmental information support, constructs RMEE supply-type information support system which provides information to the entrepreneur subject by following the process of information collection, information organization, and information delivery. In particular, RMEE supply-type information support system is a crisscrossing network under leadership of the government involving cooperation between the state and local government as well as collaboration across government departments of different functions. RMEE information center, the core of this network, is responsible for management and coordination of RMEE supply-type information support work.
6. Study of RMEE cooperation-type information support guided by rural community network. Chapter VIII of this paper describes the effect mechanism of rural community network from the angle of cooperative learning at first, arguing that the relationship variable and structure variable of rural community network will have an effect on cooperation intent, explanation ability, learning ability, knowledge foundation and communication mode of participants of cooperative learning and further change the result of cooperative learning so as to affect RMEE cooperation-type information support performance. Then, based on the basic principle of social network analysis, the paper proposes strategies of rural community network optimization for RMEE cooperation-type information support. Finally, this paper discusses the effect of the relationship network centering around entrepreneur subject on information support performance and further verifies the relevant conclusion of the study.
1.基于动静二重性的农村微型企业创业信息需求研究。本文第3章首先论证了信息需求的动静二重性特征,然后从静态维度和动态维度分析了RMEE信息需求。其中,静态维度的RMEE信息需求就是对信息本身(或信息客体)的需求,与创业主体需要解决的现实问题紧密相关；动态维度的RMEE信息需求就是解决现实创业问题的需求,即创业主体利用信息解决现实问题的动态过程,包括RMEE信息获取、RMEE信息认知、RMEE信息再生、RMEE信息施效等环节。
2.农村微型企业创业信息需求实证研究。本文第4章对RMEE信息需求展开了大规模实证调研。结果表明,我国RMEE信息需求的现实特征基本可归纳如下：(1)从静态维度看,RMEE信息需求内容具有多样化、高层次依赖的复杂性特征；(2)从动态维度看,RMEE信息运动的各个环节体现出低效性的特征。究其原因,主要有两个方面：一方面信息源过渡分散且质量偏低,另一方面是创业主体相关能力不足。
3.农村微型企业创业信息支持的过程机制研究。本文第5章以RMEE信息运动过程为依据,结合我国RMEE信息需求的现实特征,探讨RMEE信息支持的过程机制及其基本要素,并以此为依据对我国RMEE信息支持的现有形式进行了梳理。分析表明：(1)RMEE信息支持过程是由“信息获取支持”和“信息认知与—再生支持”两阶段组成。(2)RMEE信息支持过程牵涉众多要素：主体要素、信息内容要素、信息技术要素、信息渠道要素以及环境要素等。(3)我国RMEE信息支持的现有形式在过程和要素等方面都存在明显不足。
4.农村微型企业创业信息支持协同模式研究。本文第6章借鉴协同理论构建了基于“供给+协作”双主体协同的RMEE信息支持模式,并运用Stackelberg博弈模型对其协同机理进行了分析。结论如下：(1)供给主体的参与率越大,则RMEE信息支持的绩效越大；(2)RMEE信息支持中各主体的最优参与率与其边际收益正相关；(3)对协作主体来说,参与信息支持将会获益。总之,RMEE信息支持绩效的提升有赖于供给主体和协作主体的共同参与和互相合作。
5.政府主导的农村微型企业创业供给式信息支持研究。本文第7章从政府主体的角度,构建RMEE供给式信息支持体制,通过信息采集、信息组织、信息传递等流程向创业主体提供信息。其中,RMEE供给式信息支持体制是一个以政府领导为依托、国家和地方纵向协作、各级政府部门横向联动所构成的纵横交错的网络结构,RMEE信息中心是其核心组成,它负责统一管理和协调RMEE供给式信息支持工作。
6.农村社区网络主导的农村微型企业创业协作式信息支持研究。本文第8章首先从协作式学习的角度阐述了农村社区网络对RMEE协作式信息支持的作用机理,认为农村社区网络的关系变量和结构变量将对协作式学习参与者的协作意愿、解释能力、学习能力、知识基础、交流方式等产生作用,进而改变协作式学习效果,从而影响RMEE协作式信息支持绩效。然后,依据社会网络分析的基本原理,提出了面向RMEE协作式信息支持的农村社区网络优化策略。最后,通过实证分析探讨了以创业主体为中心的关系网络对协作式信息支持绩效的影响,并进一步检验了相关研究结论。
In recent years, a large number of RME's characterized by small investment, small size and flexible operation have emerged, playing a positive role in flourishing rural economy, increasing rural employment, promoting agricultural innovation and accelerate agriculture industrialization. Obviously, in the course of RMEE, information is a very important strategic entrepreneurial resource. It can not only affect the effective utilization of other entrepreneurial resources, but also cause new productivity effect through decreasing and replacing consumption of material resources. However, due to restrictions of factors such as the geographic location, market structure, economy development status, most RME stay in a state of "information insufficiency". Therefore, how to provide RME with effective information support in the course of RMEE should become an important issue to be studied by scholars. Hence, this paper tries to construct RMEE information support model as appropriate to the actual situation of "agriculture, village and farmer" from the approach to meeting RMEE information demand. The core content and main conclusion are as follows:
1. Study of RMEE information demand based on duality of dynamic and static nature. The third chapter of this paper argues duality of dynamic and static nature of information demand, and then analyzes RMEE information demand from static and dynamic perspectives. In particular, RMEE information demand from static perspectives refers to demand to information itself (or information object) which is closely related to the realistic issues to be solved by the entrepreneur subject; RMEE information demand from dynamic perspectives refers to demand to solve the realistic entrepreneurial issues, namely, dynamic process in which the entrepreneur subject solves the realistic issues using information, including stages such as REMM information acquisition, RMEE information perception, RMEE information regeneration, RMEE information application.
2. Empirical study of RMEE information demand. Chapter IV of this paper provides extensive empirical research on RMEE information demand. As indicated in the results, the actual characteristics of RMEE information demand in our country may be summarized as follows:(1) From static perspective, RMEE information demand content has complex characteristics of diversity and high-level dependency; (2) From dynamic perspective, each stage of RMEE information movement has characteristic of low efficiency. There are two reasons for the above characteristics, the first is over dispersion of information source, and the second is incapability of the entrepreneur subject.
3. Study of the process mechanism of RMEE information support. Chapter V of this paper, based on RMEE information movement process as well as the actual characteristics of RMEE information demand in our country, discusses the process mechanism of RMEE information support and the basic elements thereof and further classified the current forms of RMEE information support in our country. As indicated in the analysis, (1) RMEE information support process consists of two stages, "information acquisition support" and "information perception and regeneration support"; (2) RMEE information support process involves many elements:subject, information content, information techniques, information channels and relevant information environment, etc.; (3) there is obvious insufficiency in the current forms of RMEE information support in our country with regard to process and elements.
4. Study of RMEE information support synergy model. Chapter VI of this paper, with reference to synergy theory, constructs RMEE information support model based on "supply+ synergy" double-subject synergy, and analyzes the synergy mechanism using Stackelberg game model. The conclusion is as follows:(1) the higher level at which the supply subject participates, the greater total benefit of the information support; (2) Participation rate of information support will be affected by marginal benefit; (3) Synergy subjects who participate in information support will get benefit. Thus, realization of the synergy effect of RMEE information support depends on mutual participation and cooperation of supply subject and synergy subject.
5. Study of RMEE supply-type information support guided by government. Chapter VII of this paper, from the approach of governmental information support, constructs RMEE supply-type information support system which provides information to the entrepreneur subject by following the process of information collection, information organization, and information delivery. In particular, RMEE supply-type information support system is a crisscrossing network under leadership of the government involving cooperation between the state and local government as well as collaboration across government departments of different functions. RMEE information center, the core of this network, is responsible for management and coordination of RMEE supply-type information support work.
6. Study of RMEE cooperation-type information support guided by rural community network. Chapter VIII of this paper describes the effect mechanism of rural community network from the angle of cooperative learning at first, arguing that the relationship variable and structure variable of rural community network will have an effect on cooperation intent, explanation ability, learning ability, knowledge foundation and communication mode of participants of cooperative learning and further change the result of cooperative learning so as to affect RMEE cooperation-type information support performance. Then, based on the basic principle of social network analysis, the paper proposes strategies of rural community network optimization for RMEE cooperation-type information support. Finally, this paper discusses the effect of the relationship network centering around entrepreneur subject on information support performance and further verifies the relevant conclusion of the study.
引文
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