基于概念格的数字图书馆知识组织研究
|
摘要
20世纪90年代以来，随着计算机和网络技术的发展，图书馆的概念逐渐超越了人们传统意识当中那幢钢筋水泥的建筑物。以数字化存储与呈现、网络化检索与获取为特征的数字图书馆，成为网络数字时代集知识存储、获取、传播、交流等多功能为一体的知识集散中心。数字图书馆的相关研究日渐成为现代图书情报学的重要分支，并在多学科理论与技术的支撑下获得了相对独立的发展空间与地位。这一期间，学术界对数字图书馆的理论探索和实践开展掀起了研究的热潮，特别是在针对数字化馆藏资源的建设方面取得了不菲的成绩。
然而，随着近年来Web2.0的兴起及语义网络的发展，开放式语义网络环境下的数字图书馆知识管理面临着许多新的问题与挑战，其中数字图书馆的知识组织是这些问题当中最为基础而且突出的核心焦点。如何把握数字图书馆知识组织的基本脉络和发展方向，融合多学科的理论与技术，通过准确分析和深入研究探寻语义网络环境下的数字图书馆知识组织的内在机理与演变规律，构建开放式语义网络环境下数字图书馆知识组织的理论框架与发展蓝图，促进中国数字化知识产业的快速成长与发展，已成为一项亟待解决的重大课题。
有鉴于此，论文以国际数据分析领域中在概念化知识处理方面最新的研究成果——形式概念分析（FCA）与概念格（CL）理论为基础,从知识的概念化、语义化、形式化的视角，对数字图书馆知识组织展开研究。致力于基于形式概念分析的概念格理论与技术构建数字图书馆知识组织的模型框架，创新数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略，推进数字图书馆在开放式语义网络环境下的实践进程。具体研究包括：
（1）从国内外形式概念分析与概念格理论在概念化知识处理领域的应用和数字图书馆知识组织相关理论研究进展的文献调研入手，基于调研资料进行细致的梳理和分析。重点探讨了基于形式概念分析的概念格理论与技术在数字图书馆各类知识组织与服务中的应用，总结出适合本项目的核心理论、必备方法和关键技术。并通过对知识组织体系演进路径的分析，探讨了当前数字图书馆知识组织的困境与发展趋势，明确界定了论文的研究思路与逻辑起点。
（2）通过对基于概念格的数字图书馆用户知识组织的研究，从数字图书馆用户内隐知识挖掘与萃取的层面，探讨了将形式概念分析与概念格理论应用于数字图书馆知识组织中用户知识需求识别、概念认知分析、行为偏好挖掘等方面的功能与优势。并进一步将这种优势延伸到数字图书馆新兴的社群分类法（Folksonomy）和开放存取（Open Access）领域，阐述了形式概念分析与概念格相关理论与技术对开放式、分布式语义网络环境下的数字图书馆知识组织活动的理论支撑与技术保障，论证了基于形式概念分析的概念格理论与技术应用于数字图书馆知识组织的科学性和有效性。
（3）构建了相关领域知识的概念格。针对数字图书馆特定领域内的相关知识（包括内隐知识与外显知识），进行知识的语义化、概念化研究。依据知识概念的对象与属性创建形式背景，采用形式概念分析的技术构建领域知识概念格，实现领域知识的概念化、形式化描述。并基于领域知识概念格对特定领域的相关知识结构进行分析和呈现，揭示了知识之间的层级结构与关联关系，挖掘发现潜在的隐含规则与模式。
（4）提出了“本体与概念格互补融合”的数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略。从哲学到图书情报学、从认识论到本体论、从内隐知识到外显知识，结合开放式语义网络发展的实际，对数字图书馆知识组织的理论与基于形式概念分析的概念格理论进行了全面、系统、深入的分析与研究。并基于以上研究提出了“本体概念格”互补融合的数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略。
（5）基于概念格实现了领域知识本体的构建。针对数字图书馆中主题词表与文本两大主要类型的知识资源进行分析，借助概念格的并叠置运算构建数字图书馆异构资源概念格。通过领域知识概念格与领域本体之间的映射规则，在领域知识概念格的基础上构建领域本体。基于概念格的本体构建，提高了本体构建的形式化、自动化程度，大大降低了人为的干扰因素，实现了“概念格本体”的正向促进。
（6）建立了基于概念格的跨本体映射。对相关领域本体进行基于概念格的逆向解析，将标准词典中的相关同义词、上位词等关系嵌入本体中的知识概念及层级结构，将不同的异构本体转换为相应的概念格，并提取有效的知识概念。进而基于概念的属性与对象，创造性地提出了基于概念格的“对象-属性相似度（OAS）”法。利用该方法对通过逆向解析获得的概念进行相似度计算，并根据设定的阈值提取满足阈值要求的异构本体间的相似“概念对”，基于相似“概念对”建立了跨异构本体的映射关系，完成了“本体概念格”的逆向解析。
（7）构建了基于概念格的多本体协同知识地图。从哲学与情报学角度对人类知识的应然状态与实然表现进行系统的分析与总结，对当前知识的本体化进程与作为知识组织终极表现的知识地图进行系统的分析与论述，为构建基于概念格的多本体协同系统奠定理论基础。选取现实中特定领域范围内典型的、具有代表性的成熟领域本体，基于概念格建立跨本体映射，并据此构建多本体协同知识地图，以“拼图”形式实现了更大范围的知识组织。
论文基于形式概念分析与概念格相关理论与技术，以解决开放式、分布式语义网络环境下数字图书馆知识组织相关问题为逻辑起点，在梳理、总结形式概念分析与概念格在相关领域中的应用的基础上，对知识组织及其体系结构的演进进行了分析与归纳，综合运用知识组织理论、本体理论、概念格理论、语义学理论，全面、深入、系统地研究探索数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略和框架模型。构建了相关领域知识概念格，提出了本体与概念格互补融合的数字图书馆知识组织技术策略，并据此实现了数字图书馆异构资源领域本体构建和跨本体映射，并在此基础上构建了多本体协同知识地图。
论文的理论价值在于，丰富和完善了数字图书馆知识组织的理论体系与方法体系，促进现代语义网络环境中数字图书馆知识组织理论与方法的变革。对用户内隐知识的挖掘与发现是数字图书馆知识组织理论新的生长点，本体与概念格互补融合为知识描述、知识组织、知识导航、知识构建提供了新的理论支撑和解决方案。论文的现实意义在于，柔性化的数字图书馆知识组织体系是当前语义网络环境下数字图书馆实践的现实需求，基于概念格的数字图书馆知识组织，通过构建多本体知识地图，概念化、语义化、形式化地呈现和揭示知识结构与关联，提高数字图书馆用户知识获取与利用的效率，更好地释放和发挥数字图书馆在现代语义网络环境中的潜能和价值。
Since the 1990s, with the development of computer and network technology, theconcept of the library is gradually moving beyond that big steel and concretebuildings in which people's sense of tradition. Digital library with the features,storage and presentation of digital, network-based retrieval and access, is amulti-function distribution and integration of knowledge center which is set ofknowledge storage, access, dissemination, exchange in networked digital era. Thestudy of digital library is becoming an important branch of modern library andinformation science, and acquires relatively independent development space andposition in support of multi-disciplinary theory and technology. During this period,the academic community set off a craze of the study on the theoretical explorationand practice of digital library, in particular, many outstanding achievements haveobtained in resources building of digital library.
However, with the rise of of Web 2.0 and the development of the semantic webin recent years, the knowledge management of digital library is facing many newproblems and challenges in open semantic web environment. Digital libraryknowledge organization is the most basic and salient core focus in these issues. Howto grasp the basic context and direction of development of the digital libraryknowledge organization, with the integration of multidisciplinary theories andtechniques, through accurate analysis and in-depth studies to explore the internalmechanism and evolution law of the digital library knowledge organization in thesemantic network environment, to build a theoretical framework and blueprint for thedevelopment of digital library knowledge organization in the open semantics webenvironment, to promote rapid growth and development of the digitalknowledge-based industries in China, has become a major issue to be solved.
In view of this, with the base of formal concept analysis (FCA) and conceptlattice (CL), which are the latest research in the conceptualize knowledge processingin the field of data analysis of international academic community, from theconceptualize, semantic, formal perspective of knowledge, the digital libraryknowledge organization is studied. This dissertation commits to construct the modelframework of digital library knowledge organization with concept lattice theory andtechnology based on formal concept analysis, to innovate the technology strategy of the digital library knowledge organization, to promote the process of practice ofdigital library in the open semantic web environment. Specific studies include:
(1) Starting from the literature survey of the progress of application of formalconcept analysis and concept lattice in the conceptualize knowledge processing athome and abroad, and theoretical studies of digital library knowledge organization,detailed outlines and analysis are executed based on survey data. It focus on theconcept lattice theory and technique based on formal concept analysis for varioustypes of knowledge organizations and services in the digital library, sums up the coretheory, the necessary methods and key technologies for this project. And through theanalysis of the evolutionary path of knowledge organization system to explore theplight and development trend of the current digital library knowledge organization,the research route and logical starting point of this study are defined clearly.
(2) By the research of users’knowledge organization of digital library based onconcept lattice, from the mining and extraction on users’implicit knowledge ofdigital library, the functions and advantages on identification of users knowledgeneeds, analysis of concept cognition, mining of behavioral preferences and otherfeatures are explored, in which formal concept analysis and concept lattice theoriesare applied to the digital library knowledge organization. And these advantages areextended to emerging field of digital library such as community taxonomy(Folksonomy) and open access (OA), theoretical support and technical guarantee onthe knowledge organization of digital library based on formal concept analysis andconcept lattice theory and technology are elaborated in open distributed semanticnetwork environment, the scientific nature and effectiveness of the digital libraryknowledge organization based on formal concept analysis and concept lattice theoryand techniques are demonstrated.
(3) The concept lattices of the knowledge in related fields are constructed. Theresearch on semantic and conceptualize knowledge within specific areas of digitallibrary (including the implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge) is executed. Basedon the objects and attributes of knowledge concept, the formal context is created, theconcept lattice of domain knowledge is constructed with formal concept analysistechniques, the formal conceptualization description of domain knowledge isachieved. The structures of knowledge in specific areas are analyzed and presentedbased on the concept lattice of domain knowledge, the hierarchy and the relationshipbetween knowledge are displayed, the potential implicit rules and patterns are minedand discovered.
(4)‘Complementary Fusion between Ontology and Concept Lattice’as a noveltechnology strategy of digital library knowledge organization is proposed. From thephilosophy to the library and Information science, from epistemology to ontology,from implicit knowledge to explicit knowledge, combined with the actual development of open semantic network, the digital library knowledge organizationtheory and the theory of concept lattice based on formal concept analysis areanalyzed and researched comprehensively, systematically and deeply. Based on theabove study, complementary integration on‘ontology concept lattice’astechnology strategy of digital library knowledge organization is proposed.
(5) The construction of domain knowledge ontology is realized based on conceptlattice. Two main types of knowledge resources in digital library, thesaurus and text,are analyzed, and the concept lattice of heterogeneous resources is constructed byapposition and overlap operations. Through the mapping rules between the domainknowledge concept lattice and domain ontology, domain ontology is built on the basisof the domain knowledge concept lattice. Building ontology by concept latticeimproves the degree of formal and automation of ontology construction, greatlyreduces the man-made interference factors of ontology construction, and achieves thepositive promoting of‘concept lattice ontology’.
(6) The mappings crossing heterogeneous ontologies are established based onconcept lattice. The reverse resolving of related domain ontology is executed basedon concept lattice, the relationships of synonyms, hyponyms and other relations instandard dictionary are embedded in concepts of knowledge and hierarchy ofontology, different heterogeneous ontologies are converted into the correspondingconcept lattices, and the effective concepts of knowledge are extracted. Then basedon the properties and objects of concept, the‘Object-Attribute Similarity (OAS)’method based on concept lattice is presented creatively. Using this method tocalculate the similarity of the concepts which are acquired by reverse resolving, and‘pair of concepts’across heterogeneous ontologies are extracted under therequirements to meet the threshold, the mapping relationships across heterogeneousontologies are established based on similar‘pair of concepts’, the reverse resolutionof‘ontology concept lattice’is achieved.
(7) The knowledge-map of multi-ontologies collaboration is constructed basedon concept lattice. From philosophy and information science point of view, itanalyzes and summarizes the state of ought-to-be and performance of to-be of humanknowledge systematically, analyzes and discourses the current ontology process ofknowledge and knowledge-map as an ultimate performance of knowledgeorganization, builds the theoretical foundation for construction of multi-ontologiescollaboration system based on concept lattice. It selects the typical representativemature domain ontologies in specific areas, across ontologies mappings areestablished based on concept lattice, and accordingly to build a knowledge-map ofmulti-ontologies collaboration, in order to achieve a wider range knowledgeorganization with the form of‘Jigsaw Puzzle’.
Based on formal concept analysis and concept lattice theory and technology,solving related issues of digital library knowledge organization in open distributedsemantic network environment as a logical starting point, on the basis of combing andsummarizing the applications of formal concept analysis and concept lattice in relateddomains, this dissertation sums up and analyzes the evolution of knowledgeorganization and its architecture, studies and explores the technology strategy andframework model of digital library knowledge organization with integrated usage ofknowledge organization theory, body theory, concept lattice theory, semantic theory,comprehensively, deeply and systematically. It builds the concept lattice ofknowledge in related domains, complementary fusion between ontology and conceptlattice as a novel technology strategy of digital library knowledge organization isproposed. Accordingly, the construction of domain ontology on heterogeneousresources in digital library and across ontologies mappings are achieved, andknowledge-map of multi-ontologies collaboration is established on this basis.
The theoretical value of this dissertation is to enrich and improve the theoreticalsystem and methodology of digital library knowledge organization, to promote thetransformation and revolution on theories and methods of digital library knowledgeorganization in modern semantic network environment. Mining and discovering theusers’implicit knowledge are new growth points of the digital library knowledgeorganization theory, complementary fusion between ontology and concept latticeprovides a new theoretical support and solutions for knowledge description,knowledge organization, knowledge navigation, knowledge construction. Thepractical significance of this dissertation is to enhance flexible nature of digitallibrary knowledge organization system for meeting the practical needs of the digitallibrary practice in the current semantic web environment. By establishing theknowledge-map of multi-ontologies collaboration, the digital library knowledgeorganization based on concept lattice, presents and discovers the structure andassociation of knowledge conceptually, semantically and formally, increases theefficiency of knowledge access and utilization of digital library users, better releasesand produces the potential and value of digital libraries in the modern semanticnetwork environment.
然而，随着近年来Web2.0的兴起及语义网络的发展，开放式语义网络环境下的数字图书馆知识管理面临着许多新的问题与挑战，其中数字图书馆的知识组织是这些问题当中最为基础而且突出的核心焦点。如何把握数字图书馆知识组织的基本脉络和发展方向，融合多学科的理论与技术，通过准确分析和深入研究探寻语义网络环境下的数字图书馆知识组织的内在机理与演变规律，构建开放式语义网络环境下数字图书馆知识组织的理论框架与发展蓝图，促进中国数字化知识产业的快速成长与发展，已成为一项亟待解决的重大课题。
有鉴于此，论文以国际数据分析领域中在概念化知识处理方面最新的研究成果——形式概念分析（FCA）与概念格（CL）理论为基础,从知识的概念化、语义化、形式化的视角，对数字图书馆知识组织展开研究。致力于基于形式概念分析的概念格理论与技术构建数字图书馆知识组织的模型框架，创新数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略，推进数字图书馆在开放式语义网络环境下的实践进程。具体研究包括：
（1）从国内外形式概念分析与概念格理论在概念化知识处理领域的应用和数字图书馆知识组织相关理论研究进展的文献调研入手，基于调研资料进行细致的梳理和分析。重点探讨了基于形式概念分析的概念格理论与技术在数字图书馆各类知识组织与服务中的应用，总结出适合本项目的核心理论、必备方法和关键技术。并通过对知识组织体系演进路径的分析，探讨了当前数字图书馆知识组织的困境与发展趋势，明确界定了论文的研究思路与逻辑起点。
（2）通过对基于概念格的数字图书馆用户知识组织的研究，从数字图书馆用户内隐知识挖掘与萃取的层面，探讨了将形式概念分析与概念格理论应用于数字图书馆知识组织中用户知识需求识别、概念认知分析、行为偏好挖掘等方面的功能与优势。并进一步将这种优势延伸到数字图书馆新兴的社群分类法（Folksonomy）和开放存取（Open Access）领域，阐述了形式概念分析与概念格相关理论与技术对开放式、分布式语义网络环境下的数字图书馆知识组织活动的理论支撑与技术保障，论证了基于形式概念分析的概念格理论与技术应用于数字图书馆知识组织的科学性和有效性。
（3）构建了相关领域知识的概念格。针对数字图书馆特定领域内的相关知识（包括内隐知识与外显知识），进行知识的语义化、概念化研究。依据知识概念的对象与属性创建形式背景，采用形式概念分析的技术构建领域知识概念格，实现领域知识的概念化、形式化描述。并基于领域知识概念格对特定领域的相关知识结构进行分析和呈现，揭示了知识之间的层级结构与关联关系，挖掘发现潜在的隐含规则与模式。
（4）提出了“本体与概念格互补融合”的数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略。从哲学到图书情报学、从认识论到本体论、从内隐知识到外显知识，结合开放式语义网络发展的实际，对数字图书馆知识组织的理论与基于形式概念分析的概念格理论进行了全面、系统、深入的分析与研究。并基于以上研究提出了“本体概念格”互补融合的数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略。
（5）基于概念格实现了领域知识本体的构建。针对数字图书馆中主题词表与文本两大主要类型的知识资源进行分析，借助概念格的并叠置运算构建数字图书馆异构资源概念格。通过领域知识概念格与领域本体之间的映射规则，在领域知识概念格的基础上构建领域本体。基于概念格的本体构建，提高了本体构建的形式化、自动化程度，大大降低了人为的干扰因素，实现了“概念格本体”的正向促进。
（6）建立了基于概念格的跨本体映射。对相关领域本体进行基于概念格的逆向解析，将标准词典中的相关同义词、上位词等关系嵌入本体中的知识概念及层级结构，将不同的异构本体转换为相应的概念格，并提取有效的知识概念。进而基于概念的属性与对象，创造性地提出了基于概念格的“对象-属性相似度（OAS）”法。利用该方法对通过逆向解析获得的概念进行相似度计算，并根据设定的阈值提取满足阈值要求的异构本体间的相似“概念对”，基于相似“概念对”建立了跨异构本体的映射关系，完成了“本体概念格”的逆向解析。
（7）构建了基于概念格的多本体协同知识地图。从哲学与情报学角度对人类知识的应然状态与实然表现进行系统的分析与总结，对当前知识的本体化进程与作为知识组织终极表现的知识地图进行系统的分析与论述，为构建基于概念格的多本体协同系统奠定理论基础。选取现实中特定领域范围内典型的、具有代表性的成熟领域本体，基于概念格建立跨本体映射，并据此构建多本体协同知识地图，以“拼图”形式实现了更大范围的知识组织。
论文基于形式概念分析与概念格相关理论与技术，以解决开放式、分布式语义网络环境下数字图书馆知识组织相关问题为逻辑起点，在梳理、总结形式概念分析与概念格在相关领域中的应用的基础上，对知识组织及其体系结构的演进进行了分析与归纳，综合运用知识组织理论、本体理论、概念格理论、语义学理论，全面、深入、系统地研究探索数字图书馆知识组织的技术策略和框架模型。构建了相关领域知识概念格，提出了本体与概念格互补融合的数字图书馆知识组织技术策略，并据此实现了数字图书馆异构资源领域本体构建和跨本体映射，并在此基础上构建了多本体协同知识地图。
论文的理论价值在于，丰富和完善了数字图书馆知识组织的理论体系与方法体系，促进现代语义网络环境中数字图书馆知识组织理论与方法的变革。对用户内隐知识的挖掘与发现是数字图书馆知识组织理论新的生长点，本体与概念格互补融合为知识描述、知识组织、知识导航、知识构建提供了新的理论支撑和解决方案。论文的现实意义在于，柔性化的数字图书馆知识组织体系是当前语义网络环境下数字图书馆实践的现实需求，基于概念格的数字图书馆知识组织，通过构建多本体知识地图，概念化、语义化、形式化地呈现和揭示知识结构与关联，提高数字图书馆用户知识获取与利用的效率，更好地释放和发挥数字图书馆在现代语义网络环境中的潜能和价值。
Since the 1990s, with the development of computer and network technology, theconcept of the library is gradually moving beyond that big steel and concretebuildings in which people's sense of tradition. Digital library with the features,storage and presentation of digital, network-based retrieval and access, is amulti-function distribution and integration of knowledge center which is set ofknowledge storage, access, dissemination, exchange in networked digital era. Thestudy of digital library is becoming an important branch of modern library andinformation science, and acquires relatively independent development space andposition in support of multi-disciplinary theory and technology. During this period,the academic community set off a craze of the study on the theoretical explorationand practice of digital library, in particular, many outstanding achievements haveobtained in resources building of digital library.
However, with the rise of of Web 2.0 and the development of the semantic webin recent years, the knowledge management of digital library is facing many newproblems and challenges in open semantic web environment. Digital libraryknowledge organization is the most basic and salient core focus in these issues. Howto grasp the basic context and direction of development of the digital libraryknowledge organization, with the integration of multidisciplinary theories andtechniques, through accurate analysis and in-depth studies to explore the internalmechanism and evolution law of the digital library knowledge organization in thesemantic network environment, to build a theoretical framework and blueprint for thedevelopment of digital library knowledge organization in the open semantics webenvironment, to promote rapid growth and development of the digitalknowledge-based industries in China, has become a major issue to be solved.
In view of this, with the base of formal concept analysis (FCA) and conceptlattice (CL), which are the latest research in the conceptualize knowledge processingin the field of data analysis of international academic community, from theconceptualize, semantic, formal perspective of knowledge, the digital libraryknowledge organization is studied. This dissertation commits to construct the modelframework of digital library knowledge organization with concept lattice theory andtechnology based on formal concept analysis, to innovate the technology strategy of the digital library knowledge organization, to promote the process of practice ofdigital library in the open semantic web environment. Specific studies include:
(1) Starting from the literature survey of the progress of application of formalconcept analysis and concept lattice in the conceptualize knowledge processing athome and abroad, and theoretical studies of digital library knowledge organization,detailed outlines and analysis are executed based on survey data. It focus on theconcept lattice theory and technique based on formal concept analysis for varioustypes of knowledge organizations and services in the digital library, sums up the coretheory, the necessary methods and key technologies for this project. And through theanalysis of the evolutionary path of knowledge organization system to explore theplight and development trend of the current digital library knowledge organization,the research route and logical starting point of this study are defined clearly.
(2) By the research of users’knowledge organization of digital library based onconcept lattice, from the mining and extraction on users’implicit knowledge ofdigital library, the functions and advantages on identification of users knowledgeneeds, analysis of concept cognition, mining of behavioral preferences and otherfeatures are explored, in which formal concept analysis and concept lattice theoriesare applied to the digital library knowledge organization. And these advantages areextended to emerging field of digital library such as community taxonomy(Folksonomy) and open access (OA), theoretical support and technical guarantee onthe knowledge organization of digital library based on formal concept analysis andconcept lattice theory and technology are elaborated in open distributed semanticnetwork environment, the scientific nature and effectiveness of the digital libraryknowledge organization based on formal concept analysis and concept lattice theoryand techniques are demonstrated.
(3) The concept lattices of the knowledge in related fields are constructed. Theresearch on semantic and conceptualize knowledge within specific areas of digitallibrary (including the implicit knowledge and explicit knowledge) is executed. Basedon the objects and attributes of knowledge concept, the formal context is created, theconcept lattice of domain knowledge is constructed with formal concept analysistechniques, the formal conceptualization description of domain knowledge isachieved. The structures of knowledge in specific areas are analyzed and presentedbased on the concept lattice of domain knowledge, the hierarchy and the relationshipbetween knowledge are displayed, the potential implicit rules and patterns are minedand discovered.
(4)‘Complementary Fusion between Ontology and Concept Lattice’as a noveltechnology strategy of digital library knowledge organization is proposed. From thephilosophy to the library and Information science, from epistemology to ontology,from implicit knowledge to explicit knowledge, combined with the actual development of open semantic network, the digital library knowledge organizationtheory and the theory of concept lattice based on formal concept analysis areanalyzed and researched comprehensively, systematically and deeply. Based on theabove study, complementary integration on‘ontology concept lattice’astechnology strategy of digital library knowledge organization is proposed.
(5) The construction of domain knowledge ontology is realized based on conceptlattice. Two main types of knowledge resources in digital library, thesaurus and text,are analyzed, and the concept lattice of heterogeneous resources is constructed byapposition and overlap operations. Through the mapping rules between the domainknowledge concept lattice and domain ontology, domain ontology is built on the basisof the domain knowledge concept lattice. Building ontology by concept latticeimproves the degree of formal and automation of ontology construction, greatlyreduces the man-made interference factors of ontology construction, and achieves thepositive promoting of‘concept lattice ontology’.
(6) The mappings crossing heterogeneous ontologies are established based onconcept lattice. The reverse resolving of related domain ontology is executed basedon concept lattice, the relationships of synonyms, hyponyms and other relations instandard dictionary are embedded in concepts of knowledge and hierarchy ofontology, different heterogeneous ontologies are converted into the correspondingconcept lattices, and the effective concepts of knowledge are extracted. Then basedon the properties and objects of concept, the‘Object-Attribute Similarity (OAS)’method based on concept lattice is presented creatively. Using this method tocalculate the similarity of the concepts which are acquired by reverse resolving, and‘pair of concepts’across heterogeneous ontologies are extracted under therequirements to meet the threshold, the mapping relationships across heterogeneousontologies are established based on similar‘pair of concepts’, the reverse resolutionof‘ontology concept lattice’is achieved.
(7) The knowledge-map of multi-ontologies collaboration is constructed basedon concept lattice. From philosophy and information science point of view, itanalyzes and summarizes the state of ought-to-be and performance of to-be of humanknowledge systematically, analyzes and discourses the current ontology process ofknowledge and knowledge-map as an ultimate performance of knowledgeorganization, builds the theoretical foundation for construction of multi-ontologiescollaboration system based on concept lattice. It selects the typical representativemature domain ontologies in specific areas, across ontologies mappings areestablished based on concept lattice, and accordingly to build a knowledge-map ofmulti-ontologies collaboration, in order to achieve a wider range knowledgeorganization with the form of‘Jigsaw Puzzle’.
Based on formal concept analysis and concept lattice theory and technology,solving related issues of digital library knowledge organization in open distributedsemantic network environment as a logical starting point, on the basis of combing andsummarizing the applications of formal concept analysis and concept lattice in relateddomains, this dissertation sums up and analyzes the evolution of knowledgeorganization and its architecture, studies and explores the technology strategy andframework model of digital library knowledge organization with integrated usage ofknowledge organization theory, body theory, concept lattice theory, semantic theory,comprehensively, deeply and systematically. It builds the concept lattice ofknowledge in related domains, complementary fusion between ontology and conceptlattice as a novel technology strategy of digital library knowledge organization isproposed. Accordingly, the construction of domain ontology on heterogeneousresources in digital library and across ontologies mappings are achieved, andknowledge-map of multi-ontologies collaboration is established on this basis.
The theoretical value of this dissertation is to enrich and improve the theoreticalsystem and methodology of digital library knowledge organization, to promote thetransformation and revolution on theories and methods of digital library knowledgeorganization in modern semantic network environment. Mining and discovering theusers’implicit knowledge are new growth points of the digital library knowledgeorganization theory, complementary fusion between ontology and concept latticeprovides a new theoretical support and solutions for knowledge description,knowledge organization, knowledge navigation, knowledge construction. Thepractical significance of this dissertation is to enhance flexible nature of digitallibrary knowledge organization system for meeting the practical needs of the digitallibrary practice in the current semantic web environment. By establishing theknowledge-map of multi-ontologies collaboration, the digital library knowledgeorganization based on concept lattice, presents and discovers the structure andassociation of knowledge conceptually, semantically and formally, increases theefficiency of knowledge access and utilization of digital library users, better releasesand produces the potential and value of digital libraries in the modern semanticnetwork environment.
引文
[1]Greenstein Daniel, Thorin Suzanne E. The Digital Library: A Biography[M]. Washington: Digital LibraryFederation, 2002.
[2]Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create theDynamics of Innovation[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,1995.
[3]Schoenfeld Alan H, Herrmann Douglas J. Problem Perception and Knowledge Structure in Expert and NoviceMathematical Problem Solvers[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1982,
8(5): 484-494.
[4]Thomas Katherine T, Thomas Jerry R. Developing Expertise in Sport: The Relation of Knowledge andPerformance[J]. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1994, 25(3): 295-312.
[5]Mannes Suzanne M, Kintsch Walter. Knowledge Organization and Text Organization[J]. Cognition andInstruction, 1987, 4(2): 91-115.
[6]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020年）中共中央国务院关于实施科技规划纲要增强自主创新能力的决定[M].北京:中国法制出版社, 2006.
[7]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010, 33(2): 21-24.
[8]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-9-29].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[9]Gruninger Michael, Lee Jintae. Ontology: Applications and Design[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2002,45(2): 39-41.
[10]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[ 11 ]Smith Barry. Formal Ontology, Common Sense and Cognitive Science[J]. International Journal ofHuman-Computer Studies, 1995, 43(5-6): 641-667.
[12]Fonseca Frederico T, Martin James E. Toward An Alternative Notion of Information Systems Ontologies:Information Engineering as A Hermeneutic Enterprise[J]. Journal of the American Society for InformationScience and Technology, 2005, 56(1): 46-57.
[13]Fonseca Frederico. The Double Role of Ontologies in Information Science Research[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2007, 58( 6): 786-793.
[14]Wand Y, Weber R. On the Deep-Structure of Information-Systems[J]. Information Systems Journal, 1995,
[5 1(53 )]: 203-223.Guarino Nicola. Formal Ontology and Information Systems[C]. // Guarino N. Formal Ontology inInformation Systems. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1998: 3-15.
[16]Kayed Ahmad, Hirzallah Nael, Shalabi Luai A Al, Najjar Mohannad. Building Ontological Relationships: ANew Approach[J]. JASIS, 2008, 59(11): 1801-1809.
[ 17 ]Leroy Gondy, Chen Hsinchun. Genescene: An Ontology-Enhanced Integration of Linguistic andCo-Occurrence Based Relations in Biomedical Texts[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology, 2005, 56(5): 457-468.
[18]Kim Hyun Hee. ONTOWEB: Implementing An Ontology-Based Web Retrieval System[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(11): 1167-1176.
[19]Kabel Suzanne, Hoog Robert De, Wielinga Bob J, Anjewierden Anjo. The Added Value of Task andOntology-Based Markup for Information Retrieval[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology, 2004, 55(4): 348-362.
[20]Yeh Jui-Feng, Wu Chung-Hsien, Chen Ming-Jun. Ontology-Based Speech Act Identification in A BilingualDialog System Using Partial Pattern Trees[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science andTechnology, 2008, 59(5): 684-694.
[21]Zhou Lina, Chaovalit Pimwadee. Ontology-Supported Polarity Mining[J]. Journal of the American Societyfor Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(1): 98-110.
[22]Weinberger Hadas, Te'eni Dov, Frank Ariel J. Ontology-Based Evaluation of Organizational Memory[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(9): 1454-1468.
[23]Holsapple C W, Joshi K D. A Formal Knowledge Management Ontology: Conduct, Activities, Resources, andInfluences[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2004, 55(7): 593-612.
[24]董慧,杨宁,余传明,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅰ）—体系结构解析[J].情报学报,2006, 25(3): 269-275
[25]董慧,余传明,姜赢,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅱ）—语义信息的提取[J].情报学报,2006, 25(4): 451-461.
[26]董慧,余传明,杨宁,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅲ）—历史领域资源本体构建[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(5): 564-574.
[27]董慧,余传明,徐国虎,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅳ）—历史领域知识推理机制[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(6): 666-678.
[28]董慧,姜赢,高巾,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅰ）—本体分子理论[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(3): 323-330.
[29]董慧,姜赢,王菲,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅱ）—动态知识组织[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(4): 483-491.
[30]董慧,姜赢,曾杰,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅲ）—动态知识描述[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(5): 643-650.
[31]陈向东,余锦凤.一种基于本体的知识组织工具[J].情报理论与实践, 2006, 29(6): 746-749.
[32]王欣,徐宝祥.基于Ontology的知识集成建模研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2009, 25(11): 23-28.
[33]曾庆田,段华,杨红梅,等.面向知识处理的领域本体及其应用研究[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(6):
713-719.
[34]Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. // Rival I. OrderedSets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[35]Birkhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory[M]. Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1995.
[36]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[37]Calegari Silvia, Sanchez Elie. Object-Fuzzy Concept Network: An Enrichment of Ontologies in SemanticInformation Retrieval[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(13):2171-2185.
[ 38 ]Mora Manuel, Gelman Ovsei, Forgionne Guisseppi, Petkov Doncho, Cano Jeimy. Integrating TheFragmented Pieces of IS Research Paradigms and Frameworks: A Systems Approach[J]. Information ResourcesManagement Journal, 2007, 20(2): 1-22.
[39]Bystr m Katriina, Hansen Preben. Conceptual Framework for Tasks in Information Studies[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(10): 1050-1061.
[40]Song D, Bruza P D. Towards Context Sensitive Information Inference[J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology, 2003, 54(4): 321-334.
[41]van der Eijk C Christiaan, van Mulligen Erik M, Kors Jan A, Mons Barend, van den Berg Jan. ConstructingAn Associative Concept Space for Literature-Based Discovery[J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology, 2004, 55(5): 436-444.
[42]Borlund Pia. The Concept of Relevance in IR[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology, 2003, 54(10): 913-925.
[43]Garces Pablo J, Olivas Jose A, Romero Francisco P. Concept-Matching IR Systems Versus Word-MatchingInformation Retrieval Systems: Considering Fuzzy Interrelations for Indexing Web Pages[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2006, 57(4): 564-576.
[44]强宇,刘宗田,吴强,等.模糊概念格在知识发现中的应用研究[J].计算机科学, 2005, 32(1): 182-184.
[45]王燕,王国胤,邓维斌.基于概念格的数据驱动不确定知识获取[J].模式识别与人工智能, 2007, 20(5):
636-642.
[46]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12):24-28.
[47]Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 Method Report[OL]. [2011-7-25].http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[48]Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J]. The KnowledgeEngineering Review, 1996, 11(2):93-136.
[49]Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies[OL].[2011-8-15]. http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[50]Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from aCorporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5]. http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[51]Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20]. http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[52]Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15]. http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[53]Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O' Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[54]马汀奇达夫.社会网络与组织[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2007.
[55]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[57]Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual Knowledge Processing with FormalConcept Analysis and Ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 17th International Conference on Industrial and EngineeringApplications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004:189-207.
[ 58 ]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[EB/OL].
2011-2-15]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[59]Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[EB/OL]. [2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[60]黄美丽,刘宗田.基于形式概念分析的领域本体构建方法研究[J].计算机科学, 2006, 33(1): 210-212,239.
[61]马垣,曾子维,迟呈英,等.形式概念及其新进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[62]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2012, 38(1): 33-37.
[63]Muthaiyah Saravanam, Kerschberg Larry. A Hybrid Ontology Mediation Approach for the Semantic Web[J].International Journal of E-Business Research, 2008, 4(4): 79-91.
[64]Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for Ontology Merging and Mapping[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6): 983-1024.
[65]Kotis Konstantinos, Vouros A George. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. In: Proceedings ofthe 1st European Semantic Web Symposium. LNCS 3053. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[66]Scharffe Fran cois. Dynamerge: A Merging Algorithm for Structured Data Integration on the Web[C]. In:Proceedings of DASFAA2007 International Workshop on Scalable Web Information Integration and Service.Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2007: 85-94.
[67]Bock Jürgen, Topor Rodney, Volz Raphael. Ontology Merging using Answer Set Programming and LinguisticKnowledge[OL]. [2011-3-18]. http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2007/8-P435BockWSOntoMergeASP.pdf.
[68]Robin Rene R C, Uma V G. A Novel Algorithm for Fully Automated Ontology Merging Using HybridStrategy[J]. European Journal of Scientific Research, 2010, 47(1): 74-81.
[69]Raunich Salvatore, Rahm Erhard. ATOM Automatic Target-Driven Ontology Merging[OL]. [2011-3-25].http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de/file/ATOM-ICDE11_demo_final.pdf.
[70]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on the Semantic Web[OL].[2011-3-26]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.21.3387&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[71]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies[C]. In: Proceedings ofthe 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Francisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001:225-230.
[72]Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In: Proceedings of the11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[73]El-Gohary N, El-Diraby T. Achieving Ontology Interoperability using Formal Concept Analysis: AnApproach to Inter-Organizational Collaboration[OL]. [2011-3-28]. http://itc.scix.net/data/works/att/w78-2005-D5-2-El-Gohary.pdf.
[74]CuréOlivier, Jeansoulin Robert. An FCA-based Solution for Ontology Mediation[J]. Journal of ComputingScience and Engineering, 2009, 3(2): 90-108.
[ 75 ]Pinto Sofia Helena, Martins P Jo o. A Methodology for Ontology Integration[OL]. [2011-3-29].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/10b%20A%20methodology%20for%20ontology%20integration%20-%20Sofia%20Pinto,%20Pavao%20Martins.pdf.
[76]Noy F Natasha. What Do We Need for Ontology Integration on the Semantic Web, Position Statement[OL].[2011-4-5]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-82/SI_position_10.pdf.
[77]Calvanese Diego, Giacomo De Giuseppe, Lenzerini Maurizio. A Framework for Ontology Integration[OL].[2011-4-8]. http://web.inf.unibz.it/~calvanese/papers/calv-degi-lenz-SWWS-book-2002.pdf.
[78]Hall Mark. Ontology Integration and Evolution [OL]. [2011-4-10]. http://wwwu.edu.uni-klu.ac.at/mhall/data/courses/se_dke/se_dke_ontology_integration_mark_hall.pdf.
[ 79 ]Majki Zoran. Weakly-Coupled Ontology Integration of P2P Database Systems[OL]. [2011-4-13].http://www.p2pkm.org/2004/Camera_Ready/1568938453.pdf.
[80]Alasoud Ahmed, Haarslev Volker, Shiri Nematollaah. A Hybrid Approach for Ontology Integration[OL].[2011-4-12]. http://www.cs.concordia.ca/~haarslev/publications/ODBIS-05.pdf.
[81]Dietze Stefan, Domingue John. Exploiting Conceptual Spaces for Ontology Integration[OL]. [2011-4-15].http://events.sti2.at/dist2008/papers/ExploitingConceptualSpacesForOntologyIntegration-dist2008.pdf.
[82]Jiménez-Ruiz E, Grau Cuenca B, Horrocks I, et al. Ontology Integration Using Mappings: Towards Gettingthe Right Logical Consequences[C]. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Semantic Web Conference on TheSemantic Web: Research and Applications. LNCS 5554. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 173-187.
[83]Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for Semantic Matching[OL].[2011-4-15]. http://se-pubs.dbs.uni-leipzig.de/files/Noy2001AnchorPROMPTUsingNonLocal.pdf.
[84]Euzenat Jér me, Loup David, Touzani Mohamed. Ontology Alignment with OLA [OL]. [2011-4-16].http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.
[85]Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[86]Straccia Umberto, Troncy Rapha l. oMAP: Results of the Ontology Alignment Contest[OL]. [2011-4-18].http://gaia.isti.cnr.it/~straccia/download/papers/KCAP05/KCAP05.pdf.
[87]Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment ContestOAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[ 88 ]Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[89]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.一种基于概念格的本体合并方法[J].微电子学与计算机, 2008, 25(9): 34-36.
[90]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.基于概念格模型的本体映射[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版), 2008, 8(4):91-94.
[91]Lambrix Patrick, Tan He, Liu Qiang. SAMBO and SAMBOdtf Results for the Ontology AlignmentEvaluation Initiative 2008[OL]. [2011-4-20]. http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2008/oaei08_paper10.pdf.
[92]Moser Thomas, Schimper Kathrin, Mordinyi Richard, et al. SAMOA- A Semi-Automated OntologyAlignment Method for Systems Integration in Safety-Critical Environments[OL]. [2011-4-22]. http://csde.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/csde/files/OnAV%202009.pdf.
[93]Spiliopoulos Vassilis, Vouros A George. Synthesizing Ontology Alignment Methods Using the Max-Sum Algorithm[OL]. [2011-4-22]. https://xvpn.whut.edu.cn/stamp/,DanaInfo=ieeexplore.ieee.org+stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5710927.
[94]Xavier Kleber, Souza de Sampaio, Davis Joseph. Aligning Ontologies through Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2011-4-22]. http://www.cnptia.embrapa.br/~kleber/public/KXSS_iiwas2004_final.pdf.
[ 95 ]Brikhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory (3rd)[M]. New York: American Mathematical Society ColloquiumPublications, 1967.
[96]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. In: Proc. ofthe 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[97]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-12-17].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[98]Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to Computer Science[C]. InConceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[99]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[100]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[101]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[102]Studer Rudi, Benjamins V Richard, Fensel Dieter. Knowledge Engineering: Principles and Methods[J]. Data& Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 25(1-2):161-197.
[103]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[OL].[2010-10-8].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper12.pdf.
[104]Formica Anna. Ontology-based Concept Similarity in Formal Concept Analysis[J]. Information Sciences,2006, 176(18):2624-2641.
[105]Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis: A unified framework forbuilding and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering:Practice and Patterns. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:156-171.
[106]Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACM SIGMOD Record, 2006,35(3):34-41.- 30 -
[107]Kalfoglou Yannis, Schorlemmer Marco. Ontology Mapping: The State of The Art[J].The KnowledgeEngineering Review, 2003, 18(1):1-31.
[108]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-up Merging of Ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the
17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2001. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann PublishersInc., 2001:225-230.
[109]Zhao Yi, Halang Wolfgang. Rough Concept Lattice based Ontology Similarity Measure[OL]. [2010-10-10].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:TZz2AbL0rDoJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=2000.
[110]Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal Concept Analysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2010-10-11]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.105.3726&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[111]Tonella Paolo. Formal Concept Analysis in Software Engineering[C]. In: Proc. of the 26th InternationalConference on Software Engineering. Washington DC.: IEEE Computer Society, 2004:743-744.
[ 112 ]Eisenbarth Thomas, Koschke Rainer, Simon Daniel. Locating Features in Source Code[J]. IEEETransactions on Software Engineering, 2003, 29(3):210-224.
[113]Godin Robert, Valtchev Petko. Formal Concept Analysis-based Class Hierarchy Design in Object-oriented Software Development[OL]. [2010-10-11]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.85.
287&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[114]Al-Ekram Raihan, Kontogiannis Kostas. Source Code Modularization Using Lattice of Concept Slices[C]. In:Proc. of the 8th Euromicro Working Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering. Washington DC.:IEEE Computer Society, 2004:195-203.
[115]Tonella Paolo. Using a Concept Lattice of Decomposition Slices for Program Understanding and ImpactAnalysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2003, 29(6):495-509.
[116]Fabbrini Fabrizio, Fusani Mario, Gnesi Stefania, Lami Giuseppe. Controlling Requirements Evolution: a Formal Concept Analysis-Based Approach[OL]. [2010-10-29]. http://www-vs.informatik.uni-ulm.de/de/intra/bib/2007/ICSEA07/data/068%20Controlling%20Requirements%20Evolution.pdf.
[117]Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery in Databases Using Formal Concept Analysis Methods[OL]. [2010-10-12]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6133&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[118]Stumme Gerd. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery with Frequent Concept Lattices[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=923B8204DFD0AE1984660669348676A9?doi=10.1.1.14.1608&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[119]Hereth Joachim, Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery and Data Analysis[OL]. [2010-10-12]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.9519&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[120]Stumme Gerd, Taouil Rafik, Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Lakhal Lotfi. Fast Computation of Concept Lattices Using Data Mining Techniques[OL]. [2010-10-12]. http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009013026110/1/StummeFastComputation_2000.pdf.
[121]Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Taouil Rafik, Stumme Gerd, Lakhal Lotfi. Mining Minimal Non-redundant Association Rules Using Frequent Closed Itemsets[OL]. [2010-10-14]. http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009022326389/1/StummeMining_2000.pdf.
[122]Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc. of the 13thInternational Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:534-546.
[123]Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, J schke Robert, Stumme Gerd. Mining Association Rules in Folksonomies[EB/OL]. [2010-10-14]. http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009040826905/1/StummeMiningAssociationRules2006.pdf.
[124]Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. Semantic Grounding of Tag Relatedness inSocial Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on the Semantic Web. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2008:615–631.
[125]Krause Beate, Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. The Anti-Social Tagger: Detecting Spamin Social Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 4th International Workshop on Adversarial InformationRetrieval on the Web. New York: ACM, 2008:61-68.
[126]Markines Benjamin, Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. Evaluating SimilarityMeasures for Emergent Semantics of Social Tagging[C]. In: Proc. of the 18th International Conference on WorldWide Web. New York: ACM, 2009:641-650.
[127]Godin Robert, Missaoui Rokia, April Alain. Experimental Comparison of Navigation in a Galois Latticewith Conventional Information Retrieval[J]. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1993, 38(5):747-767.
[ 128 ]Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Information Retrieval Through Hybrid Navigation of LatticeRepresentations[J]. International Journal of Human-Computers Studies, 1996, 45(5):553-578.
[ 129 ]Kim Mihye, Compton Paul. Formal Concept Analysis for Domain-Specific Document RetrievalSystems[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.7126&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[130]Cigarrán M. Juan, Gonzalo Julio, Pe as Anselmo, Verdejo Felisa. Browsing Search Results via Formal Concept Analysis Automatic Selection of Attributes[OL]. [2010-10-15]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.98.6196&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[131]Rome E. Jayson, Haralick M. Robert. Towards a Formal Concept Analysis Approach to ExploringCommunities on the World Wide Web[OL]. [2010-10-15]. http://tr.cs.gc.cuny.edu/tr/files/TR-2004017.pdf.
[132]Messai Nizar, Devignes Marie-Dominique, Napoli Amedeo, Sma l-Tabbone Malika. Extending AttributeDependencies for Lattice-Based Querying and Navigation[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th International Conference onConceptual Structures: Knowledge Visualization and Reasoning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:189-202.
[133]Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Exploiting the Potential of Concept Lattices for Information Retrievalwith CREDO[OL]. [2010-10-15]. http://www.jucs.org/jucs_10_8/exploiting_the_potential_of/Carpineto_C.pdf.
[134]Cheung S. K. Karen, Vogel Douglas. Complexity Reduction in Lattice-Based Information Retrieval[J].Information Retrieval, 2005, 8(2):285-299.
[135]Yadav B. Surya. A Conceptual Model for User-Centered Quality Information Retrieval on the World WideWeb[J]. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems2010,35(1):91-121.
[136]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[137]Overview on ConExp[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://conexp.sourceforge.net/users.
[138]Lattice Miner 1.4 Beta[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Math-Scientific/Lattice-Miner.shtml.
[139]FCA applications[OL]. [2012-2-24]. http://www.fca.radvansky.net/news.php.
[140]Becker Peter, Correia H Joachim. The ToscanaJ Suite for Implementing Conceptual Information Systems[C].In Formal Concept Analysis2005. LNCS 3626. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005: 324–348.
[141]Szathmary Laszlo, Napoli Amedeo. CORON: A Framework for Levelwise Itemset Mining Algorithms [OL].[2010-9-28]. http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/06/46/87/PS/A05-R-015.ps.
[142]Concept Explorer[OL]. [2010-8-18]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/conexp.
[143]Lattice Miner[OL]. [2010-8-20]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/lattice-miner.
[144]Wormuth Bastian, Becker Peter. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-2]. http://www.wormuth.info/ICFCA04/Introduction_to_FCA_ICFCA2004.pdf.
[145]Bělohlávek Radim. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-2]. http://phoenix.inf.upol.cz/esf/ucebni/formal.pdf.
[146]Wille Rudolf. Methods of Conceptual Knowledge Processing[C]. In: Proc. of the 4th InternationalConference, ICFCA 2006. LNCS 3874. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 1-29.
[147]Ganter B, Wille R. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-10]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[148]Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[149]Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc. of the 13thInternational Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS 2453. London: Springer-Verlag,2002: 534-546.
[150]Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc. of the 13thInternational Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS 2453. London: Springer-Verlag,2002: 534-546.
[151]Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[ 152]Burmeister Peter. Formal Concept Analysis with ConImp: Introduction to the Basic Features[OL].[2010-8-12]. http://www.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/~burmeister/ConImpIntro.pdf.
[153]Galicia’s Features[OL]. [2010-8-12]. http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~galicia/features.html.
[154]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[155]杨子竞.国外图书馆史简编[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 1990.
[156]林周.“植物之王”卡尔·林奈[J].科学大观园, 2009(4): 64-66.
[157]程鹏.“《中图法》和《杜威法》对照系统”的研制[J].图书馆学研究, 2001(2): 55-57.
[158]Dewey Decimal Classification Index[OL]. [2010-04-11]. http://librarian.school.net.hk/ddc000s. htm.
[159]马张华,陈志新.阮冈纳赞对现代编目理论的贡献[J].图书馆论坛, 1998(2): 24-26.
[160]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[161]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[162]Statistics [OL]. [2012-04-25]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics.
[ 163 ]The Prince of Egypt (1998) [OL]. [2010-04-12]. http://www.amazon.com/Prince-Egypt-Val-Kilmer/dp/B00000JGOQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1271304583&sr=8-1.
[164]Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Createthe Dynamics of Innovation[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[165]Chris Anderson. The Long Tail[OL]. [2010-01-22]. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html.
[166]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010, 33(2): 21-24.
[ 167 ]OECD. The Knowledge-Based Economy[OL]. [2009-7-22]. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/8/1913021.pdf.
[168]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[169]刘诗白.论现代知识生产[J].福建论坛（人文社会科学版）, 2005(4): 4-10.
[170]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[171]Brookes B. The Fundamental Equation of Information Science[C]. In: Problem of Information Science, 1974,3(25): 42-49.
[172]Belkin Nicholas J, Robertson Stephen E. Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1976, 7-8: 197-204.
[173]Doignon J P, Falmagne J C. Spaces for the Assessment of Knowledge[J]. International Journal ofMan-Machine Studies, 1985, 23: 175-196.
[174]Zachman John A. A Framework for Information Systems Architecture[J]. IBM System Journal, 1987, 26(3):276-292.
[175]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[176]Han Jiawei, Kamber Micheline. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques[M]. Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.
[177]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[178]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[179]马克思恩格斯选集（第二卷）[M].北京:人民出版社, 1995.
[180]Taylor Arlene G.信息组织（2nd Edition）[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[181]Louis Rosenfeld, Peter Morville. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-ScaleWeb Sites(2 edition) [M]. O'Reilly Media, 2002.
[182]马费成,张勤.国内外知识管理研究热点——基于词频的统计分析[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(2):163-171.
[183]滕广青,田依林,董立丽,等.知识组织体系的解构与重构[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(9): 15-18.
[184]赖茂生,屈鹏,谢静.知识组织最新研究与实践进展[J].图书情报工作, 2009, 53(2): 19-23.
[185]Sheppard Zack. 5,000,000,000[OL]. [2010-12-13]. http://blog.flickr.net/en/2010/09/19/5000000000.
[186]Flickr. Shanghai: View from The Top[OL]. [2010-12-4]. http://www.flickr.com/photos/joe-joe/3136836681/in/photostream.
[187]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[188]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[189]王知津.从情报组织到知识组织[J].情报学报, 1998, 17(3): 230-234.
[190]王军,张丽.网络知识组织系统的研究现状和发展趋势[J].中国图书馆学报, 2008, 34(173): 65-69.
[191]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户市场细分——数字图书馆用户的概念聚类分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(2): 7-11.
[192]Borgman Christine L. What are Digital Libraries? Competing visions[J]. Information Processing andManagement. 1999(35):227-243
[193]张晓林.数字图书馆机制的范式演变及其挑战[J].中国图书馆学报, 2001(6):3-5.
[194]Smith Wendell R. Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation as Alternative Marketing Strategies[J].The Journal of Marketing, 1956, 21(1): 3-8.
[195]Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to Computer Science[C]. InConceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[196]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach Based on Hierarchies of Concepts[C]. In:Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. LNAI5548. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2009: 314-339.
[197]Strahringer S, Wille R. Conceptual Clustering Via Convex-ordinal Structures[C]. In: O. Opitz, B. Lausen, R.Klar (eds.): Information and Classification. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1993: 85–98.
[198]Mineau G, Godin R. Automatic Structuring of Knowledge Bases by Conceptual Clustering[J]. IEEETransactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1995, 7(5): 824–829
[199]Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, Pasqier N, Lakhal L. Computing Iceberg Concept Lattices with Titanic[J].Data and Knowledge Engineering, 2002, 42(2): 189-222.
[200]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Formal Concept Analysis[M]. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1999.
[201]张正.数字图书馆用户研究[J].图书馆,2004(1): 46-48.
[202]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户用法细分——数字图书馆用户使用方法的关联规则挖掘[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 8-12.
[203]刘玉照,岳修志,刘建准.数字图书馆用户群及信息交流机制[J].中国图书馆学报, 2007, 33(167):62-65.
[204]张克状,刘友华,黄芳,李寅.一种面向用户兴趣的个性化语义查询扩展方法[J].现代图书情报技术,2008, 24(8): 48-52.
[205]钱万里,吴玲芳.客户关系管理—数字图书馆信息用户市场竞争策略[J].图书情报工作, 2003(7):95-97.
[206]程娟,肖雪.基于长尾理论的数字图书馆用户保障[J].图书情报工作, 2008, 52(8): 39-42.
[207]张玉峰,吴覃.数字图书馆中用户访问模式挖掘方法研究[J].情报科学, 2009, 27(9): 1371-1374.
[208]Keating John J, Hafner Arthur W. Supporting Individual Library Patrons with Information Technologies:Emerging One-to-One Library Services on the College or University Campus[J]. Journal of AcademicLibrarianship, 2002, 28(6): 426-429.
[209]Henderson Kay. Marketing Strategies for Digital Library Services: Digital Directions[J]. Libraray Reivew,2005, 54(6): 342-345.
[210]Agrawal Rakesh, Imielinski Tomasz, Swami Arun. Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large[D 2a1ta1b a]ses[J]. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data), 1993, 22(2): 207-216.Pasquier N. Mining Association Rules using Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2009-12-27].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.25.3360&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[212]Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, et al. Interlligent Structuring and Reducing of Association Rules withFormal Concept Analysis[C]. In: KI 2001: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. German/Austrian, 2001: 335-350.
[213]黄微,毕强,滕广青.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户检索行为序列模式挖掘研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 13-18.
[214]Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th International Conference on DataEngineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[215]Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and Performance Improvements[C]. In:Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT), London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[216]Masseglia F, Cathala F, Poncelet P. The PSP Approach for Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the
2nd European Symposium on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, London: Springer-Verlag,1998: 176-184.
[217]Zaki M J. SPADE: An Efficient Algorithm for Mining Frequent Sequences[J]. Machine Learning, 2001(42):31-60.
[218]Han J, Pei J, et al. FreeSpan: Frequent Pattern-Projected Sequential Pattern Mining[C]. In: Proc. of the 6thACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Boston, USA, 2000: 355-359.
[219]Pei J, Han J, et al. PrefixSpan: Mining Sequential Patterns Efficiently by Prefix-Projected Pattern Growth[C].In: Proc. of the 17th Int. Conf. on Data Engineering(ICDE’0l). Heidelberg, Germany, 2001: 215-224.
[220]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20): 60-62, 79.
[ 221 ]金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展, 2007, 44(11):1816-1824, 2007.
[222]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用, 2008, 28(3):726-728, 741.
[223]吴大岳,谢福鼎,孙岩,张永.时序波动关联规则概念格并行挖掘的一个新算法[J].计算机科学, 2008,35(10): 158-161.
[224]何小卫,牛海峰,许黎明,马跃.基于趋势概念格的决策规则挖掘[J].计算机应用, 2009, 29(4):1106-1109, 1113.
[225]甘特尔R,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[226]Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th International Conference on DataEngineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[227]Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and Performance Improvements[C]. In:Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT), London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[228]Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th International Conference on DataEngineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[229]Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and Performance Improvements[C]. In:[P2r3o0c]. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT), London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[ 231 ]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20): 60-62, 79.金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展, 2007, 44(11):1816-1824, 2007.
[232]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用, 2008, 28(3):726-728, 741.
[233]Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance of InformationTechnology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[234]Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance of InformationTechnology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[235]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究—Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[236]Wal T V. Folksonomy[OL]. [2010-12-01]. http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[237]Knoll G. Folksonomy: Tagging[OL]. [2010-12-26]. http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~kena/classes/7818/f06/lectures/folksonomy.pdf.
[238]Angus E, Thelwall M, Stuart D. General Patterns of Tag Usage among University Groups in Flickr[J].OnlineInformation Review, 2008, 32(1): 89-101.
[239]Weaver M. Contextual Metadata: Faceted Schemas in Virtual Library Communities[J]. Library Hi Tech,2007, 25(4): 579-594.
[240]Eckert K, H nger C, Niemann C. Tagging and Automation: Challenges and Opportunities for AcademicLibraries[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2009, 27(4): 557-569.
[241]Bar-Ilan J, Shoham S, Idan A, et al. Structured Versus Unstructured Tagging: A Case Study[J].Online Information Review, 2008, 32(5): 635-647.
[242]Peters I, Stock G W.“Power Tags”in Information Retrieval[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2010, 28(1):81-93.
[243]Shiri A. An Examination of Social Tagging Interface Features and Functionalities: An AnalyticalComparison[J]. Online Information Review, 2009, 33(5): 901-919.
[244]Chopin K. Finding Communities: Alternative Viewpoints through Weblogs and Tagging[J]. Journalof Documentation, 2008, 64(4): 552-575.
[245]Thomas M, Caudle D M, Schmitz C M. To Tag or Not to Tag?[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2009, 27(3):411-434.
[246]Yi K, Chan L M. Linking Folksonomy to Library of Congress Subject Headings: An ExploratoryStudy[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2009, 65(6): 872-900.
[247]Rafferty P, Hidderley R. Flickr and Democratic Indexing: Dialogic Approaches to Indexing[J].Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 2007, 59(4/5): 397-410.
[248]Murfi H, Obermayer K. A Two-Level Learning Hierarchy of Concept Based Keyword Extraction for Tag Recommendations[OL]. [2010-12-27]. https://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/ws/dc09/papers/paper_17.pdf.
[249]Cosh K J, Burns R, Daniel T. Content clouds: classifying content in Web 2.0[J]. Library Review,2008, 57(9): 722-729.
[250]Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework for CollaborativeMulti-Perspective Ontology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010, 34(1): 145-159.
[251]黄健年,侯汉清.关于Tag分类及相关理论问题的研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2008, 27(7): 49-52.
[252]徐少同.网络信息自组织视角下的Folksonomy优化[J].图书情报工作, 2009, 53(10): 102-105,
120.
[253]李志云,徐士进,武港山,等.协同标注研究及其在数字博物馆中的应用[J].计算机工程,2008, 34(6): 221-223.
[254]丛鲁丽.基于大众分类法的中文博客分类方法[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9): 50-52, 40.
[255]钟远薪,张春晓.基于Ajax的嵌入式Tag系统初步研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2007, 26(8): 40-43.
[256]李超.一种基于主体和分众分类的信息检索优化方法[J].情报理论与实践, 2009, 32(10):108-110, 107.
[257]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007:15-17.
[258]Connotea: Cloud[OL]. [2010-12-25]. http://www.connotea.org/cloud.
[259]Wal T V. Folksonomy Coinage and Definition[OL]. [2012-1-11]. http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[260]Schmitz C, Hotho A, J schke R, et al. Mining Association Rules in Folksonomies[C]. // Batagelj V, Bock H,Ferligoj A, et al. Data Science and Classification. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006, VI: 261-270.
[261]Cattuto C, Benz D, Hotho A, et al. Semantic Grounding of Tag Relatedness in Social BookmarkingSystems[C]. // Sheth A, Staab S, Dean M, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5318/2008. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2008: 615-631.
[262]Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework for Collaborative Multi-PerspectiveOntology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010, 34(1): 145-159.
[263]Li P, Wang B, Jin W, et al. User-Related Tag Expansion for Web Document Clustering[C]. // Clough P,Foley C, Gurrin C, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6611/2011. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 19-31.
[264]王翠英(编译).标签的聚类分析研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2008, 24(5): 67-71.
[265]Kim H L, Scerri S, Breslin J G,等.最新标签本体:标签和民俗分类法语义模型[J].丁鹏宇,译.现代图书情报技术, 2009,25(3): 30-37.
[266]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[267]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[268]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究——Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[269]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[270]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[271]滕广青.电子商务网站Folksonomy用户Tag的语义认知分析[J].情报科学, 2011, 29(12): 1871-1875,1881.
[272]Taylor Arlene G.信息组织(2nd Edition)[M].张素芳,李书宁,李金波,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[273]Agrawal R, Imielinski T, Swami A. Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large Databases[C].// Buneman P, Jajodia S, Kim W. ACM SIGMOD Record. New York: ACM, 1993, 22(2): 207-216.
[274]陈洁,司莉.社会分类法（Folksonomy）特点及其应用研究[J].图书与情报, 2008(3): 27-30.
[275]滕广青,毕强.基于粒度概念分析法的文献关键词分析：以Ontology领域关键词为例[J].现代图书情报技术, 2011, 27(9): 1-6.
[276]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept [C]. In:Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[277]肖明,李国俊,杨楠.基于词频分析的国内情报学研究热点(1998～2007)[J].情报杂志, 2009,28(8): 21-25.
[278]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报, 2006, 32(2): 88-92.
[279]刘志辉,张志强.作者关键词耦合分析方法及实证研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(2): 268-275.
[280]金莹,邓三鸿.基于关键词被引聚类的人文社会科学学科分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2006,9: 43-48.
[281]魏瑞斌.社会网络分析在关键词网络分析中的实证研究[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9): 46-49.
[282]Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal ConceptAnalysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2011-7-15]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6445&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[ 283 ]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-11-7]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[284]Priss U. The Formalization of WordNet by Methods of Relational Concept Analysis [OL].[2011-5-28]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.60.3625&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[285]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[286]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12):24-28.
[287]斯通普夫S E,菲泽J.西方哲学史（第七版）[M].北京:中华书局, 2005.
[288]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[289]杨寿堪.冲突与选择：现代哲学转向问题研究[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 1996.
[290]波普尔.卡尔.客观知识—一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[291]Brookes B C. The foundations of information science: Part IV. Information science: the changingparadigm[J]. Journal of Information Science, 1981, 3(1): 3-12.
[292]Belkin J N, Robertson E S. Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science, 1976, 27(4): 197-204.
[293]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[294]Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 Method Report[OL].
[2011-7-25]. http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[295]Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J]. The KnowledgeEngineering Review, 1996, 11(2): 93-136.
[296]Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies[OL].[2011-8-15].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[297]Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20]. http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[298]Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O' Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[299]Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from aCorporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5]. http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[300]Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15]. http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[301]牟冬梅.本体在医学数字信息资源知识组织中的应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2005.
[302]王洪伟,吴家春,蒋馥.基于描述逻辑的本体模型研究[J].系统工程, 2003(3): 101-106.
[303]刘凤华,朱欣娟.信息系统领域的本体模型研究[J].西安工程科技学院学报, 2003(1): 53-57.
[304]李景,苏晓鹭.构建领域本体的方法[J].计算机与农业, 2003(7): 7-10.
[305]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.
[306]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. In: Proc. ofthe 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[307]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2011-8-10].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[ 308 ]Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[309]Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual Knowledge Processing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-7-21]. http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[310]Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for Ontology Merging andMapping[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6): 983-1024.
[311]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies[C]. In: Proceedingsof the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Francisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001:225-230.
[312]Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In: Proceedings of the11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[313]Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment ContestOAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-7-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[314]Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-7-18]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[ 315 ]Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[316]Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de Medeiros Evangelista. AligningOntologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[317]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究.现代图书情报技术,2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[318]Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de Medeiros Evangelista. AligningOntologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[319]毕强,韩毅,牟冬梅.基于知识地图的多领域本体语义互联研究[J].情报科学, 2009, 27(3): 321-325,337.
[320]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[321]Maedche Alexander, Staab Steffen. Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001, 16(2): 72-79.
[322]孙利.基于主题词表和FCA的海事本体构建研究[D].大连:大连海事大学, 2010.
[323]Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis A unified framework forbuilding and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering andKnowledge Management. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008: 156-171.
[324]Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to Computer Science[C]. InConceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 2-19
[325]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[ 326 ]Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[327]Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual Knowledge Processing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-2-15]. http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[328]毕强,牟冬梅,韩毅.下一代数字图书馆知识组织[M].长春:吉林教育出版社, 2009.
[329]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[330]牟冬梅,范轶.数字图书馆领域本体的构建与推理—以医学领域本体为例[J].图书情报工作, 2007,51(8): 26-30.
[331]梁健,王惠临.基于文本的本体学习方法研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2007, 30(1): 112-115, 17.
[332]吕艳辉,马宗民,王玉喜.基于关系数据库的OWL本体构建方法的研究[J].计算机科学, 2009, 36(7):153-156, 226.
[333]ICTCLAS简介[OL]. [2011-2-20]. http://ictclas.org/ictclas_introduction.html.
[334]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[335]Noy F Natalya, Fergerson W Ray, Musen A Mark. The Knowledge Model of Protégé-2000: Combining Interoperabolity and Flexibility[OL]. [2011-2-20]. https://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/160/BMIR-2000-0830.pdf.
[336]KAON2-Ontology Management for the Semantic Web[OL]. [2011-2-20]. http://kaon2.semanticweb.org/#introduction.
[337]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2012, 38(1): 33-37.
[338]Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, Feier Cristina, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging and Aligning[OL].[2011-3-13]. http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/RelatedWork/Matching/mediation-chapter.pdf.
[339]Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACM SIGMOD Record, 2006,35(3): 34-41.
[340]Shukla Apoorva, Bhutani Priyanka. Comparative Study of Ontology Merging Algorithms[OL]. [2011-3-13].http://www.bvicam.ac.in/news/INDIACom%202010%20Proceedings/papers/Group1/311.pdf.
[341]Noy F Natalya. Semantic Integration: A Survey of Ontology-Based Approaches[J]. ACM SIGMOD Record,2004, 33(4): 65-70.
[342]Angele Jürgen, Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging, and Aligning[OL].[2011-3-16]. http://www.scharffe.fr/pub/semantic-web-technologies-Wiley-2005.pdf.
[343]Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment Contest OAEI2006[OL]. [2011-4-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[344]Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[ 345 ]Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms and Implementation[C].//Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[346]de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating ConceptSimilarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[347]Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. //Rival I. OrderedSets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[348]张云中. Ontology和FCA在知识建模中的融合机理研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 40-46.
[ 349 ]Mitra P, Wiederhold G, Kersten M. A Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation of OntologyInterdependencies[C]. //Zaniolo C, Lockemann C P, Scholl H M. et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science1777/2000. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2000: 86-100.
[350]de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating ConceptSimilarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[351]曹泽文,钱杰,张维明,邓苏.基于FCA的概念相似度计算方法[J].模糊系统与数学, 2008, 22(1):155-162.
[352]de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating ConceptSimilarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[353]Nanda J, Simpson W T, Kumara R T S, et al. A Methodology for Product Family Ontology Developmentusing Formal Concept Analysis and Web Ontology Language[J]. Journal of Computing and Information Sciencein Engineering, 2006, 6(2): 103-113.
[354]de Souza X S K, Davis J. Aligning Ontologies and Evaluating Concept Similarities[C]. //Meersman R, TariZ. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3291/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 1012–1029.
[355]Kotis K, Vouros A G. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. //Bussler J C, Davies J, Fensel D, etal. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[356]Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment Contest OAEI2006[OL]. [2011-4-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[ 357 ]Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms and Implementation[C].//Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[358]Ehrig M, Sure Y. Ontology Mapping-An Integrated Approach[C]. //Bussler J C, Davies J, Fensel D, et al.Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 76-91.
[359]Noy N F, Musen M A. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for Semantic Matching[OL].
[2011-12-18]. http://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/100/SMI-2001-0889.pdf.
[360]Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-12-20]. http://km.aifb.kit.edu/ws/intont2005/intontproceedings.pdf#page=74.
[ 361 ]Euzenat J, Loup D, Touzani M, et al. Ontology Alignment with OLA[OL]. [2011-12-22].http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.
[362]Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment Contest OAEI2006[OL]. [2011-12-25]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[363]Straccia U, Troncy R. oMAP: Combining Classifiers for Aligning Automatically OWL Ontologies[C]. //NguA H H, Kitsuregawa M, Neuhold E J, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3806/2005. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2005: 133-147.
[ 364 ]Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms and Implementation[C].//Spaccapietra S, Atzeni P, Fages F, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2007: 1-38.
[365]赵中英,梁永全,纪淑娟.本体工程中的本体映射研究[J].情报杂志, 2007(8): 23-24, 27.
[366]米杨,曹锦丹.基于PROMPT的本体映射实例分析[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(6): 987-991.
[367]刘应龙,江杰.一种基于Swoogle本体映射的改进算法[J].计算机系统应用, 2009(7): 88-91.
[368]仲茜,李涓子,李毅,等.基于已有映射结果的本体映射[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 48(7):1178-1181.
[369]徐德智,陈爱明.本体复合映射的发现技术[J].计算机工程, 2009, 35(1): 76-78.
[370]蔡丽宏,马静.基于综合方法的一种本体映射实验研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(5): 820-825.
[371]Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. //Rival I. OrderedSets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[372]Environment Term "Plant Environment Ontology" (EO:0007359) [OL]. [2011-12-26]. http://www.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=EO:0007359.
[373]The Environment Ontology(EnvO)-Linking Environmental Data[OL]. [2011-12-28]. http://www.environmentontology.org.
[374]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举:知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12):24-28.
[375]Fellbaum C. WordNet[C]. //Poli R, Healy M, Kameas A. Theory and Applications of Ontology: ComputerApplications. Springer Science, 2010: 231-243.
[1] Greenstein Daniel, Thorin Suzanne E. The Digital Library: A Biography[M]. Washington:Digital Library Federation, 2002.
[2] Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How JapaneseCompanies Create the Dynamics of Innovation[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,1995.
[3] Schoenfeld Alan H, Herrmann Douglas J. Problem Perception and Knowledge Structure inExpert and Novice Mathematical Problem Solvers[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1982, 8(5): 484-494.
[4] Thomas Katherine T, Thomas Jerry R. Developing Expertise in Sport: The Relation ofKnowledge and Performance[J]. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1994, 25(3):295-312.
[5] Mannes Suzanne M, Kintsch Walter. Knowledge Organization and Text Organization[J].Cognition and Instruction, 1987, 4(2): 91-115.
[6]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020年）中共中央国务院关于实施科技规划纲要增强自主创新能力的决定[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2006.
[7]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010, 33(2):21-24.
[8] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-9-29].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[9] Gruninger Michael, Lee Jintae. Ontology: Applications and Design[J]. Communications ofthe ACM, 2002, 45(2): 39-41.
[10]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[11] Smith Barry. Formal Ontology, Common Sense and Cognitive Science[J]. InternationalJournal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 43(5-6): 641-667.
[12] Fonseca Frederico T, Martin James E. Toward An Alternative Notion of Information SystemsOntologies: Information Engineering as A Hermeneutic Enterprise[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(1): 46-57.
[13] Fonseca Frederico. The Double Role of Ontologies in Information Science Research[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2007, 58( 6):786-793.
[14] Wand Y, Weber R. On the Deep-Structure of Information-Systems[J]. Information SystemsJournal, 1995, 5(3): 203-223.
[15] Guarino Nicola. Formal Ontology and Information Systems[C]. // Guarino N. FormalOntology in Information Systems. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1998: 3-15.
[16] Kayed Ahmad, Hirzallah Nael, Shalabi Luai A Al, Najjar Mohannad. Building OntologicalRelationships: A New Approach[J]. JASIS, 2008, 59(11): 1801-1809.
[17] Leroy Gondy, Chen Hsinchun. Genescene: An Ontology-Enhanced Integration of Linguisticand Co-Occurrence Based Relations in Biomedical Texts[J]. Journal of the American Societyfor Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(5): 457-468.
[18] Kim Hyun Hee. ONTOWEB: Implementing An Ontology-Based Web Retrieval System[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(11):1167-1176.
[19] Kabel Suzanne, Hoog Robert De, Wielinga Bob J, Anjewierden Anjo. The Added Value ofTask and Ontology-Based Markup for Information Retrieval[J]. Journal of the AmericanSociety for Information Science and Technology, 2004, 55(4): 348-362.
[20] Yeh Jui-Feng, Wu Chung-Hsien, Chen Ming-Jun. Ontology-Based Speech Act Identificationin A Bilingual Dialog System Using Partial Pattern Trees[J]. Journal of the American Societyfor Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(5): 684-694.
[21] Zhou Lina, Chaovalit Pimwadee. Ontology-Supported Polarity Mining[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(1): 98-110.
[22] Weinberger Hadas, Te'eni Dov, Frank Ariel J. Ontology-Based Evaluation of OrganizationalMemory[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008,59(9): 1454-1468.
[23] Holsapple C W, Joshi K D. A Formal Knowledge Management Ontology: Conduct,Activities, Resources, and Influences[J]. Journal of the American Society for InformationScience and Technology, 2004, 55(7): 593-612.
[24]董慧,杨宁,余传明,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅰ）—体系结构解析[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(3): 269-275
[25]董慧,余传明,姜赢,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅱ）—语义信息的提取[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(4): 451-461.
[26]董慧,余传明,杨宁,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅲ）—历史领域资源本体构建[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(5): 564-574.
[27]董慧,余传明,徐国虎,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅳ）—历史领域知识推理机制[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(6): 666-678.
[28]董慧,姜赢,高巾,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅰ）—本体分子理论[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(3): 323-330.
[29]董慧,姜赢,王菲,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅱ）—动态知识组织[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(4): 483-491.
[30]董慧,姜赢,曾杰,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅲ）—动态知识描述[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(5): 643-650.
[31]陈向东,余锦凤.一种基于本体的知识组织工具[J].情报理论与实践, 2006, 29(6):746-749.
[32]王欣,徐宝祥.基于Ontology的知识集成建模研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2009, 25(11):23-28.
[33]曾庆田,段华,杨红梅,等.面向知识处理的领域本体及其应用研究[J].情报学报, 2006,25(6): 713-719.
[34] Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. //Rival I. Ordered Sets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[35] Birkhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory[M]. Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1995.
[36]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[37] Calegari Silvia, Sanchez Elie. Object-Fuzzy Concept Network: An Enrichment of Ontologiesin Semantic Information Retrieval[J]. Journal of the American Society for InformationScience and Technology, 2008, 59(13): 2171-2185.
[38] Mora Manuel, Gelman Ovsei, Forgionne Guisseppi, Petkov Doncho, Cano Jeimy. IntegratingThe Fragmented Pieces of IS Research Paradigms and Frameworks: A Systems Approach[J].Information Resources Management Journal, 2007, 20(2): 1-22.
[39] Bystr m Katriina, Hansen Preben. Conceptual Framework for Tasks in InformationStudies[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005,56(10): 1050-1061.
[40] Song D, Bruza P D. Towards Context Sensitive Information Inference[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2003, 54(4): 321-334.
[41] van der Eijk C Christiaan, van Mulligen Erik M, Kors Jan A, Mons Barend, van den BergJan. Constructing An Associative Concept Space for Literature-Based Discovery[J]. Journalof the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2004, 55(5): 436-444.
[42] Borlund Pia. The Concept of Relevance in IR[J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology, 2003, 54(10): 913-925.
[43] Garces Pablo J, Olivas Jose A, Romero Francisco P. Concept-Matching IR Systems VersusWord-Matching Information Retrieval Systems: Considering Fuzzy Interrelations forIndexing Web Pages[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science andTechnology, 2006, 57(4): 564-576.
[44]强宇,刘宗田,吴强,等.模糊概念格在知识发现中的应用研究[J].计算机科学, 2005,32(1): 182-184.
[45]王燕,王国胤,邓维斌.基于概念格的数据驱动不确定知识获取[J].模式识别与人工智能, 2007, 20(5): 636-642.
[46]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践,2011, 34(12): 24-28.
[47] Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 MethodReport[OL]. [2011-7-25].http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[48] Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J]. TheKnowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2):93-136.
[49] Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation ofOntologies[OL]. [2011-8-15].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[50] Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontologyfrom a Corporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5].http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[51] Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: FromOntological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[52] Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to CreatingYour First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[53] Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O'Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[54]马汀奇达夫.社会网络与组织[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2007.
[55]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.
[56] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[57] Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual KnowledgeProcessing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 17thInternational Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligenceand Expert Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004:189-207.
[58] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[EB/OL]. [2011-2-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[59] Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[EB/OL].
[2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[60]黄美丽,刘宗田.基于形式概念分析的领域本体构建方法研究[J].计算机科学, 2006,33(1): 210-212, 239.
[61]马垣,曾子维,迟呈英,等.形式概念及其新进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[62]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2012,38(1): 33-37.
[63] Muthaiyah Saravanam, Kerschberg Larry. A Hybrid Ontology Mediation Approach for theSemantic Web[J]. International Journal of E-Business Research, 2008, 4(4): 79-91.
[64] Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for Ontology Mergingand Mapping[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6): 983-1024.
[65] Kotis Konstantinos, Vouros A George. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. In:Proceedings of the 1st European Semantic Web Symposium. LNCS 3053. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[66] Scharffe Fran cois. Dynamerge: A Merging Algorithm for Structured Data Integration on theWeb[C]. In: Proceedings of DASFAA2007 International Workshop on Scalable WebInformation Integration and Service. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2007: 85-94.
[67] Bock Jürgen, Topor Rodney, Volz Raphael. Ontology Merging using Answer SetProgramming and Linguistic Knowledge[OL]. [2011-3-18].http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2007/8-P435BockWSOntoMergeASP.pdf.
[68] Robin Rene R C, Uma V G. A Novel Algorithm for Fully Automated Ontology MergingUsing Hybrid Strategy[J]. European Journal of Scientific Research, 2010, 47(1): 74-81.
[69] Raunich Salvatore, Rahm Erhard. ATOM Automatic Target-Driven Ontology Merging[OL].
[2011-3-25]. http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de/file/ATOM-ICDE11_demo_final.pdf.
[70] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on theSemantic Web[OL]. [2011-3-26].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.21.3387&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[71] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies[C].In: Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. SanFrancisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001: 225-230.
[72] Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In:Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[73] El-Gohary N, El-Diraby T. Achieving Ontology Interoperability using Formal ConceptAnalysis: An Approach to Inter-Organizational Collaboration[OL]. [2011-3-28].http://itc.scix.net/data/works/att/w78-2005-D5-2-El-Gohary.pdf.
[74] CuréOlivier, Jeansoulin Robert. An FCA-based Solution for Ontology Mediation[J]. Journalof Computing Science and Engineering, 2009, 3(2): 90-108.
[75] Pinto Sofia Helena, Martins P Jo o. A Methodology for Ontology Integration[OL].
[2011-3-29].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/10b%20A%20methodology%20for%20ontology%20integration%20-%20Sofia%20Pinto,%20Pavao%20Martins.pdf.
[76] Noy F Natasha. What Do We Need for Ontology Integration on the Semantic Web, PositionStatement[OL]. [2011-4-5].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-82/SI_position_10.pdf.
[77] Calvanese Diego, Giacomo De Giuseppe, Lenzerini Maurizio. A Framework for OntologyIntegration[OL]. [2011-4-8].http://web.inf.unibz.it/~calvanese/papers/calv-degi-lenz-SWWS-book-2002.pdf.
[78] Hall Mark. Ontology Integration and Evolution [OL]. [2011-4-10].http://wwwu.edu.uni-klu.ac.at/mhall/data/courses/se_dke/se_dke_ontology_integration_mark_hall.pdf.
[79] Majki Zoran. Weakly-Coupled Ontology Integration of P2P Database Systems[OL].
[2011-4-13]. http://www.p2pkm.org/2004/Camera_Ready/1568938453.pdf.
[80] Alasoud Ahmed, Haarslev Volker, Shiri Nematollaah. A Hybrid Approach for OntologyIntegration[OL]. [2011-4-12].http://www.cs.concordia.ca/~haarslev/publications/ODBIS-05.pdf.
[81] Dietze Stefan, Domingue John. Exploiting Conceptual Spaces for Ontology Integration[OL].
[2011-4-15].http://events.sti2.at/dist2008/papers/ExploitingConceptualSpacesForOntologyIntegration-dist2008.pdf.
[82] Jiménez-Ruiz E, Grau Cuenca B, Horrocks I, et al. Ontology Integration Using Mappings:Towards Getting the Right Logical Consequences[C]. In: Proceedings of the 6th EuropeanSemantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. LNCS 5554.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 173-187.
[83] Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for SemanticMatching[OL]. [2011-4-15].http://se-pubs.dbs.uni-leipzig.de/files/Noy2001AnchorPROMPTUsingNonLocal.pdf.
[84] Euzenat Jér me, Loup David, Touzani Mohamed. Ontology Alignment with OLA [OL].
[2011-4-16]. http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.
[85] Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results ofthe Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[86] Straccia Umberto, Troncy Rapha l. oMAP: Results of the Ontology Alignment Contest[OL].
[2011-4-18]. http://gaia.isti.cnr.it/~straccia/download/papers/KCAP05/KCAP05.pdf.
[87] Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for the OntologyAlignment Contest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[88] Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2007: 1-38.
[89]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.一种基于概念格的本体合并方法[J].微电子学与计算机, 2008,25(9): 34-36.
[90]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.基于概念格模型的本体映射[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版), 2008, 8(4): 91-94.
[91] Lambrix Patrick, Tan He, Liu Qiang. SAMBO and SAMBOdtf Results for the OntologyAlignment Evaluation Initiative 2008[OL]. [2011-4-20].http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2008/oaei08_paper10.pdf.
[92] Moser Thomas, Schimper Kathrin, Mordinyi Richard, et al. SAMOA- A Semi-AutomatedOntology Alignment Method for Systems Integration in Safety-Critical Environments[OL].
[2011-4-22]. http://csde.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/csde/files/OnAV%202009.pdf.
[93] Spiliopoulos Vassilis, Vouros A George. Synthesizing Ontology Alignment Methods Usingthe Max-Sum Algorithm[OL]. [2011-4-22].https://xvpn.whut.edu.cn/stamp/,DanaInfo=ieeexplore.ieee.org+stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5710927.
[94] Xavier Kleber, Souza de Sampaio, Davis Joseph. Aligning Ontologies through FormalConcept Analysis[OL]. [2011-4-22].http://www.cnptia.embrapa.br/~kleber/public/KXSS_iiwas2004_final.pdf.
[95] Brikhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory (3rd)[M]. New York: American Mathematical SocietyColloquium Publications, 1967.
[96] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[97] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-12-17].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[98] Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to ComputerScience[C]. In Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393.London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[99]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[100]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[101]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[102] Studer Rudi, Benjamins V Richard, Fensel Dieter. Knowledge Engineering: Principlesand Methods[J]. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 25(1-2):161-197.
[103] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[OL].[2010-10-8].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper12.pdf.
[104] Formica Anna. Ontology-based Concept Similarity in Formal Concept Analysis[J].Information Sciences, 2006, 176(18):2624-2641.
[105] Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis: Aunified framework for building and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th InternationalConference on Knowledge Engineering: Practice and Patterns. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2008:156-171.
[106] Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACMSIGMOD Record, 2006, 35(3):34-41.
[107] Kalfoglou Yannis, Schorlemmer Marco. Ontology Mapping: The State of TheArt[J].The Knowledge Engineering Review, 2003, 18(1):1-31.
[108] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-up Merging ofOntologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,2001. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 2001:225-230.
[109] Zhao Yi, Halang Wolfgang. Rough Concept Lattice based Ontology SimilarityMeasure[OL]. [2010-10-10].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:TZz2AbL0rDoJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=2000.
[110] Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal ConceptAnalysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2010-10-11].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.105.3726&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[111] Tonella Paolo. Formal Concept Analysis in Software Engineering[C]. In: Proc. of the26th International Conference on Software Engineering. Washington DC.: IEEE ComputerSociety, 2004:743-744.
[112] Eisenbarth Thomas, Koschke Rainer, Simon Daniel. Locating Features in SourceCode[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2003, 29(3):210-224.
[113] Godin Robert, Valtchev Petko. Formal Concept Analysis-based Class Hierarchy Designin Object-oriented Software Development[OL]. [2010-10-11].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.85.287&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[114] Al-Ekram Raihan, Kontogiannis Kostas. Source Code Modularization Using Lattice ofConcept Slices[C]. In: Proc. of the 8th Euromicro Working Conference on SoftwareMaintenance and Reengineering. Washington DC.: IEEE Computer Society, 2004:195-203.
[115] Tonella Paolo. Using a Concept Lattice of Decomposition Slices for ProgramUnderstanding and Impact Analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2003,29(6):495-509.
[116] Fabbrini Fabrizio, Fusani Mario, Gnesi Stefania, Lami Giuseppe. ControllingRequirements Evolution: a Formal Concept Analysis-Based Approach[OL]. [2010-10-29].http://www-vs.informatik.uni-ulm.de/de/intra/bib/2007/ICSEA07/data/068%20Controlling%20Requirements%20Evolution.pdf.
[117] Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesUsing Formal Concept Analysis Methods[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6133&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[118] Stumme Gerd. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery with Frequent Concept Lattices[OL].
[2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=923B8204DFD0AE1984660669348676A9?doi=10.1.1.14.1608&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[119] Hereth Joachim, Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual KnowledgeDiscovery and Data Analysis[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.9519&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[120] Stumme Gerd, Taouil Rafik, Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Lakhal Lotfi. FastComputation of Concept Lattices Using Data Mining Techniques[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009013026110/1/StummeFastComputation_2000.pdf.
[121] Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Taouil Rafik, Stumme Gerd, Lakhal Lotfi. MiningMinimal Non-redundant Association Rules Using Frequent Closed Itemsets[OL].
[2010-10-14].http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009022326389/1/StummeMining_2000.pdf.
[122] Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc.of the 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. London:Springer-Verlag, 2002:534-546.
[123] Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, J schke Robert, Stumme Gerd. Mining AssociationRules in Folksonomies[EB/OL]. [2010-10-14].http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009040826905/1/StummeMiningAssociationRules2006.pdf.
[124] Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. Semantic Grounding ofTag Relatedness in Social Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th InternationalConference on the Semantic Web. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:615–631.
[125] Krause Beate, Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. The Anti-SocialTagger: Detecting Spam in Social Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 4thInternational Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web. New York: ACM,2008:61-68.
[126] Markines Benjamin, Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd.Evaluating Similarity Measures for Emergent Semantics of Social Tagging[C]. In: Proc. ofthe 18th International Conference on World Wide Web. New York: ACM, 2009:641-650.
[127] Godin Robert, Missaoui Rokia, April Alain. Experimental Comparison of Navigation ina Galois Lattice with Conventional Information Retrieval[J]. International Journal ofMan-Machine Studies, 1993, 38(5):747-767.
[128] Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Information Retrieval Through HybridNavigation of Lattice Representations[J]. International Journal of Human-Computers Studies,1996, 45(5):553-578.
[129] Kim Mihye, Compton Paul. Formal Concept Analysis for Domain-Specific DocumentRetrieval Systems[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.7126&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[130] Cigarrán M. Juan, Gonzalo Julio, Pe as Anselmo, Verdejo Felisa. Browsing SearchResults via Formal Concept Analysis Automatic Selection of Attributes[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.98.6196&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[131] Rome E. Jayson, Haralick M. Robert. Towards a Formal Concept Analysis Approach toExploring Communities on the World Wide Web[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://tr.cs.gc.cuny.edu/tr/files/TR-2004017.pdf.
[132] Messai Nizar, Devignes Marie-Dominique, Napoli Amedeo, Sma l-Tabbone Malika.Extending Attribute Dependencies for Lattice-Based Querying and Navigation[C]. In: Proc.of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Visualization andReasoning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:189-202.
[133] Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Exploiting the Potential of Concept Lattices forInformation Retrieval with CREDO[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://www.jucs.org/jucs_10_8/exploiting_the_potential_of/Carpineto_C.pdf.
[134] Cheung S. K. Karen, Vogel Douglas. Complexity Reduction in Lattice-BasedInformation Retrieval[J]. Information Retrieval, 2005, 8(2):285-299.
[135] Yadav B. Surya. A Conceptual Model for User-Centered Quality Information Retrievalon the World Wide Web[J]. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems2010,35(1):91-121.
[136]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[137] Overview on ConExp[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://conexp.sourceforge.net/users.
[138] Lattice Miner 1.4 Beta[OL]. [2010-9-28].http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Math-Scientific/Lattice-Miner.shtml.
[139] FCA applications[OL]. [2012-2-24]. http://www.fca.radvansky.net/news.php.
[140] Becker Peter, Correia H Joachim. The ToscanaJ Suite for Implementing ConceptualInformation Systems[C]. In Formal Concept Analysis2005. LNCS 3626. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2005: 324–348.
[141] Szathmary Laszlo, Napoli Amedeo. CORON: A Framework for Levelwise ItemsetMining Algorithms [OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/06/46/87/PS/A05-R-015.ps.
[142] Concept Explorer[OL]. [2010-8-18]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/conexp.
[143] Lattice Miner[OL]. [2010-8-20]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/lattice-miner.
[144] Wormuth Bastian, Becker Peter. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-8-2]. http://www. wormuth.info/ICFCA04/Introduction_to_FCA_ICFCA2004.pdf.
[145] Bělohlávek Radim. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-2].http://phoenix.inf.upol.cz/ esf/ucebni/formal.pdf.
[146] Wille Rudolf. Methods of Conceptual Knowledge Processing[C]. In: Proc. of the 4thInternational Conference, ICFCA 2006. LNCS 3874. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 1-29.
[147] Ganter B, Wille R. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-10].http://citeseerx.ist. psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[148] Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28].http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[149] Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc.of the 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS2453. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 534-546.
[150] Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc.of the 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS2453. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 534-546.
[151] Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28].http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[152] Burmeister Peter. Formal Concept Analysis with ConImp: Introduction to the BasicFeatures[OL]. [2010-8-12].http://www.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/~burmeister/ConImpIntro.pdf.
[153] Galicia’s Features[OL]. [2010-8-12].http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~galicia/features.html.
[154]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[155]杨子竞.国外图书馆史简编[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 1990.
[156]林周.“植物之王”卡尔·林奈[J].科学大观园, 2009(4): 64-66.
[157]程鹏.“《中图法》和《杜威法》对照系统”的研制[J].图书馆学研究, 2001(2): 55-57.
[158] Dewey Decimal Classification Index[OL]. [2010-04-11].http://librarian.school.net.hk/ddc000s. htm.
[159]马张华,陈志新.阮冈纳赞对现代编目理论的贡献[J].图书馆论坛, 1998(2): 24-26.
[160]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[161]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[162] Statistics [OL]. [2012-04-25]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics.
[163] The Prince of Egypt (1998) [OL]. [2010-04-12].http://www.amazon.com/Prince-Egypt-Val-Kilmer/dp/B00000JGOQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1271304583&sr=8-1.
[164] Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How JapaneseCompanies Create the Dynamics of Innovation[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[165] Chris Anderson. The Long Tail[OL]. [2010-01-22].http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html.
[166]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010,33(2): 21-24.
[167] OECD. The Knowledge-Based Economy[OL]. [2009-7-22].http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/8/ 1913021.pdf.
[168]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[169]刘诗白.论现代知识生产[J].福建论坛（人文社会科学版）, 2005(4): 4-10.
[170]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[171] Brookes B. The Fundamental Equation of Information Science[C]. In: Problem ofInformation Science, 1974, 3(25): 42-49.
[172] Belkin Nicholas J, Robertson Stephen E. Information Science and the Phenomenon ofInformation[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1976, 7-8:197-204.
[173] Doignon J P, Falmagne J C. Spaces for the Assessment of Knowledge[J]. InternationalJournal of Man-Machine Studies, 1985, 23: 175-196.
[174] Zachman John A. A Framework for Information Systems Architecture[J]. IBM SystemJournal, 1987, 26(3): 276-292.
[175]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[176] Han Jiawei, Kamber Micheline. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques[M]. MorganKaufmann, 2001.
[177]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[178]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[179]马克思恩格斯选集（第二卷）[M].北京:人民出版社, 1995.
[180] Taylor Arlene G.信息组织（2nd Edition）[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[181] Louis Rosenfeld, Peter Morville. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web:Designing Large-Scale Web Sites(2 edition) [M]. O'Reilly Media, 2002.
[182]马费成,张勤.国内外知识管理研究热点——基于词频的统计分析[J].情报学报,2006, 25(2): 163-171.
[183]滕广青,田依林,董立丽,等.知识组织体系的解构与重构[J].情报理论与实践,2011, 34(9): 15-18.
[184]赖茂生,屈鹏,谢静.知识组织最新研究与实践进展[J].图书情报工作, 2009, 53(2):19-23.
[185] Sheppard Zack. 5,000,000,000[OL]. [2010-12-13].http://blog.flickr.net/en/2010/09/19/5000000000.
[186] Flickr. Shanghai: View from The Top[OL]. [2010-12-4].http://www.flickr.com/photos/joe-joe/3136836681/in/photostream.
[187]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[188]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[189]王知津.从情报组织到知识组织[J].情报学报, 1998, 17(3): 230-234.
[190]王军,张丽.网络知识组织系统的研究现状和发展趋势[J].中国图书馆学报, 2008,34(173): 65-69.
[191]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户市场细分——数字图书馆用户的概念聚类分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(2): 7-11.
[192] Borgman Christine L. What are Digital Libraries? Competing visions[J]. InformationProcessing and Management. 1999(35):227-243
[193]张晓林.数字图书馆机制的范式演变及其挑战[J].中国图书馆学报, 2001(6):3-5.
[194] Smith Wendell R. Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation as AlternativeMarketing Strategies[J]. The Journal of Marketing, 1956, 21(1): 3-8.
[195] Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to ComputerScience[C]. In Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393.London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[196] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach Based on Hierarchies ofConcepts[C]. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal ConceptAnalysis. LNAI5548. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[197] Strahringer S, Wille R. Conceptual Clustering Via Convex-ordinal Structures[C]. In: O.Opitz, B. Lausen, R. Klar (eds.): Information and Classification. Berlin-Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 1993: 85–98.
[198] Mineau G, Godin R. Automatic Structuring of Knowledge Bases by ConceptualClustering[J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1995, 7(5): 824–829
[199] Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, Pasqier N, Lakhal L. Computing Iceberg ConceptLattices with Titanic[J]. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 2002, 42(2): 189-222.
[200] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Formal Concept Analysis[M]. Berlin-Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 1999.
[201]张正.数字图书馆用户研究[J].图书馆,2004(1): 46-48.
[202]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户用法细分——数字图书馆用户使用方法的关联规则挖掘[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 8-12.
[203]刘玉照,岳修志,刘建准.数字图书馆用户群及信息交流机制[J].中国图书馆学报,2007, 33(167): 62-65.
[204]张克状,刘友华,黄芳,李寅.一种面向用户兴趣的个性化语义查询扩展方法[J].现代图书情报技术, 2008, 24(8): 48-52.
[205]钱万里,吴玲芳.客户关系管理—数字图书馆信息用户市场竞争策略[J].图书情报工作, 2003(7): 95-97.
[206]程娟,肖雪.基于长尾理论的数字图书馆用户保障[J].图书情报工作, 2008, 52(8):39-42.
[207]张玉峰,吴覃.数字图书馆中用户访问模式挖掘方法研究[J].情报科学, 2009,27(9): 1371-1374.
[208] Keating John J, Hafner Arthur W. Supporting Individual Library Patrons withInformation Technologies: Emerging One-to-One Library Services on the College orUniversity Campus[J]. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 2002, 28(6): 426-429.
[209] Henderson Kay. Marketing Strategies for Digital Library Services: Digital Directions[J].Libraray Reivew, 2005, 54(6): 342-345.
[210] Agrawal Rakesh, Imielinski Tomasz, Swami Arun. Mining Association Rules betweenSets of Items in Large Databases[J]. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group onManagement of Data), 1993, 22(2): 207-216.
[211] Pasquier N. Mining Association Rules using Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2009-12-27].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.25.3360&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[212] Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, et al. Interlligent Structuring and Reducing ofAssociation Rules with Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: KI 2001: Advances in ArtificialIntelligence. German/Austrian, 2001: 335-350.
[213]黄微,毕强,滕广青.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户检索行为序列模式挖掘研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 13-18.
[214] Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th InternationalConference on Data Engineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[215] Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and PerformanceImprovements[C]. In: Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT),London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[216] Masseglia F, Cathala F, Poncelet P. The PSP Approach for Mining SequentialPatterns[C]. In: Proc. of the 2nd European Symposium on Principles of Data Mining andKnowledge Discovery, London: Springer-Verlag, 1998: 176-184.
[217] Zaki M J. SPADE: An Efficient Algorithm for Mining Frequent Sequences[J]. MachineLearning, 2001(42): 31-60.
[218] Han J, Pei J, et al. FreeSpan: Frequent Pattern-Projected Sequential Pattern Mining[C].In: Proc. of the 6th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining,Boston, USA, 2000: 355-359.
[219] Pei J, Han J, et al. PrefixSpan: Mining Sequential Patterns Efficiently byPrefix-Projected Pattern Growth[C]. In: Proc. of the 17th Int. Conf. on DataEngineering(ICDE’0l). Heidelberg, Germany, 2001: 215-224.
[220]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20):60-62, 79.
[221]金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展,2007, 44(11): 1816-1824, 2007.
[222]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用,2008, 28(3): 726-728, 741.
[223]吴大岳,谢福鼎,孙岩,张永.时序波动关联规则概念格并行挖掘的一个新算法[J].计算机科学, 2008, 35(10): 158-161.
[224]何小卫,牛海峰,许黎明,马跃.基于趋势概念格的决策规则挖掘[J].计算机应用,2009, 29(4): 1106-1109, 1113.
[225]甘特尔R,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[226] Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th InternationalConference on Data Engineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[227] Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and PerformanceImprovements[C]. In: Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT),London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[228] Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th InternationalConference on Data Engineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[229] Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and PerformanceImprovements[C]. In: Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT),London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[230]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20):60-62, 79.
[231]金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展,2007, 44(11): 1816-1824, 2007.
[232]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用,2008, 28(3): 726-728, 741.
[233] Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance ofInformation Technology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[234] Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance ofInformation Technology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[235]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究—Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[236] Wal T V. Folksonomy[OL]. [2010-12-01]. http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[237] Knoll G. Folksonomy: Tagging[OL]. [2010-12-26].http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~kena/classes/7818/f06/lectures/folksonomy.pdf.
[238] Angus E, Thelwall M, Stuart D. General Patterns of Tag Usage among UniversityGroups in Flickr[J].Online Information Review, 2008, 32(1): 89-101.
[239] Weaver M. Contextual Metadata: Faceted Schemas in Virtual Library Communities[J].Library Hi Tech, 2007, 25(4): 579-594.
[240] Eckert K, H nger C, Niemann C. Tagging and Automation: Challenges andOpportunities for Academic Libraries[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2009, 27(4): 557-569.
[241] Bar-Ilan J, Shoham S, Idan A, et al. Structured Versus Unstructured Tagging: A CaseStudy[J]. Online Information Review, 2008, 32(5): 635-647.
[242] Peters I, Stock G W.“Power Tags”in Information Retrieval[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2010,28(1): 81-93.
[243] Shiri A. An Examination of Social Tagging Interface Features and Functionalities: AnAnalytical Comparison[J]. Online Information Review, 2009, 33(5): 901-919.
[244] Chopin K. Finding Communities: Alternative Viewpoints through Weblogs andTagging[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2008, 64(4): 552-575.
[245] Thomas M, Caudle D M, Schmitz C M. To Tag or Not to Tag?[J]. Library Hi Tech,2009, 27(3): 411-434.
[246] Yi K, Chan L M. Linking Folksonomy to Library of Congress Subject Headings: AnExploratory Study[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2009, 65(6): 872-900.
[247] Rafferty P, Hidderley R. Flickr and Democratic Indexing: Dialogic Approaches toIndexing[J]. Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 2007, 59(4/5): 397-410.
[248] Murfi H, Obermayer K. A Two-Level Learning Hierarchy of Concept Based KeywordExtraction for Tag Recommendations[OL]. [2010-12-27].https://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/ws/dc09/papers/paper_17.pdf.
[249] Cosh K J, Burns R, Daniel T. Content clouds: classifying content in Web 2.0[J]. LibraryReview, 2008, 57(9): 722-729.
[250] Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework forCollaborative Multi-Perspective Ontology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010,34(1): 145-159.
[251]黄健年,侯汉清.关于Tag分类及相关理论问题的研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2008, 27(7):49-52.
[252]徐少同.网络信息自组织视角下的Folksonomy优化[J].图书情报工作, 2009,53(10): 102-105, 120.
[253]李志云,徐士进,武港山,等.协同标注研究及其在数字博物馆中的应用[J].计算机工程, 2008, 34(6): 221-223.
[254]丛鲁丽.基于大众分类法的中文博客分类方法[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9): 50-52, 40.
[255]钟远薪,张春晓.基于Ajax的嵌入式Tag系统初步研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2007,26(8): 40-43.
[256]李超.一种基于主体和分众分类的信息检索优化方法[J].情报理论与实践, 2009,32(10): 108-110, 107.
[257]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007: 15-17.
[258] Connotea: Cloud[OL]. [2010-12-25]. http://www.connotea.org/cloud.
[259] Wal T V. Folksonomy Coinage and Definition[OL]. [2012-1-11].http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[260] Schmitz C, Hotho A, J schke R, et al. Mining Association Rules in Folksonomies[C]. //Batagelj V, Bock H, Ferligoj A, et al. Data Science and Classification. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006, VI: 261-270.
[261] Cattuto C, Benz D, Hotho A, et al. Semantic Grounding of Tag Relatedness in SocialBookmarking Systems[C]. // Sheth A, Staab S, Dean M, et al. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 5318/2008. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008: 615-631.
[262] Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework forCollaborative Multi-Perspective Ontology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010,34(1): 145-159.
[263] Li P, Wang B, Jin W, et al. User-Related Tag Expansion for Web DocumentClustering[C]. // Clough P, Foley C, Gurrin C, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,6611/2011. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 19-31.
[264]王翠英(编译).标签的聚类分析研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2008, 24(5): 67-71.
[265] Kim H L, Scerri S, Breslin J G,等.最新标签本体:标签和民俗分类法语义模型[J].丁鹏宇,译.现代图书情报技术, 2009,25(3): 30-37.
[266]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[267]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[268]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究——Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[269]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[270]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[271]滕广青.电子商务网站Folksonomy用户Tag的语义认知分析[J].情报科学, 2011,29(12): 1871-1875, 1881.
[272] Taylor Arlene G.信息组织(2nd Edition)[M].张素芳,李书宁,李金波,译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[273] Agrawal R, Imielinski T, Swami A. Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items inLarge Databases[C]. // Buneman P, Jajodia S, Kim W. ACM SIGMOD Record. New York:ACM, 1993, 22(2): 207-216.
[274]陈洁,司莉.社会分类法（Folksonomy）特点及其应用研究[J].图书与情报, 2008(3):27-30.
[275]滕广青,毕强.基于粒度概念分析法的文献关键词分析：以Ontology领域关键词为例[J].现代图书情报技术, 2011, 27(9): 1-6.
[276] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept [C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[277]肖明,李国俊,杨楠.基于词频分析的国内情报学研究热点(1998～2007)[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(8): 21-25.
[278]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报, 2006, 32(2): 88-92.
[279]刘志辉,张志强.作者关键词耦合分析方法及实证研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(2):268-275.
[280]金莹,邓三鸿.基于关键词被引聚类的人文社会科学学科分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2006, 9: 43-48.
[281]魏瑞斌.社会网络分析在关键词网络分析中的实证研究[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9):46-49.
[282] Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal ConceptAnalysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6445&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[283] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-11-7].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[284] Priss U. The Formalization of WordNet by Methods of Relational Concept Analysis
[OL]. [2011-5-28].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.60.3625&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[285]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[286]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12): 24-28.
[287]斯通普夫S E,菲泽J.西方哲学史（第七版）[M].北京:中华书局, 2005.
[288]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[289]杨寿堪.冲突与选择：现代哲学转向问题研究[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1996.
[290]波普尔.卡尔.客观知识—一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[291] Brookes B C. The foundations of information science: Part IV. Information science: thechanging paradigm[J]. Journal of Information Science, 1981, 3(1): 3-12.
[292] Belkin J N, Robertson E S. Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1976, 27(4): 197-204.
[293]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[294] Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 MethodReport[OL]. [2011-7-25].http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[295] Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J].The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2): 93-136.
[296] Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation ofOntologies[OL]. [2011-8-15].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[297] Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: FromOntological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[298] Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O'Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[299] Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-SpecificOntology from a Corporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5].http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[300] Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide toCreating Your First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[301]牟冬梅.本体在医学数字信息资源知识组织中的应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2005.
[302]王洪伟,吴家春,蒋馥.基于描述逻辑的本体模型研究[J].系统工程, 2003(3):101-106.
[303]刘凤华,朱欣娟.信息系统领域的本体模型研究[J].西安工程科技学院学报,2003(1): 53-57.
[304]李景,苏晓鹭.构建领域本体的方法[J].计算机与农业, 2003(7): 7-10.
[305]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.
[306] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[307] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[OL]. [2011-8-10].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[308] Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL].
[2011-7-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[309] Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual KnowledgeProcessing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-7-21].http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[310] Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for OntologyMerging and Mapping[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6):983-1024.
[311] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging ofOntologies[C]. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on ArtificialIntelligence. San Francisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001: 225-230.
[312] Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In:Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[313] Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for theOntology Alignment Contest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-7-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[314] Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and MappingResults of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-7-18].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[315] Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching:Algorithms and Implementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[316] Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de MedeirosEvangelista. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and VisualizingResults[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006:211-236.
[317]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究.现代图书情报技术,2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[318] Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de MedeirosEvangelista. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and VisualizingResults[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006:211-236.
[319]毕强,韩毅,牟冬梅.基于知识地图的多领域本体语义互联研究[J].情报科学,2009, 27(3): 321-325, 337.
[320]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[321] Maedche Alexander, Staab Steffen. Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web[J]. IEEEIntelligent Systems, 2001, 16(2): 72-79.
[322]孙利.基于主题词表和FCA的海事本体构建研究[D].大连:大连海事大学, 2010.
[323] Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis Aunified framework for building and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th InternationalConference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2008: 156-171.
[324] Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to ComputerScience[C]. In Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393.London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 2-19
[325] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[326] Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL].
[2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[327] Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual KnowledgeProcessing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[328]毕强,牟冬梅,韩毅.下一代数字图书馆知识组织[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,2009.
[329]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[330]牟冬梅,范轶.数字图书馆领域本体的构建与推理—以医学领域本体为例[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(8): 26-30.
[331]梁健,王惠临.基于文本的本体学习方法研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2007, 30(1):112-115, 17.
[332]吕艳辉,马宗民,王玉喜.基于关系数据库的OWL本体构建方法的研究[J].计算机科学, 2009, 36(7): 153-156, 226.
[333] ICTCLAS简介[OL]. [2011-2-20]. http://ictclas.org/ictclas_introduction.html.
[334]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[335] Noy F Natalya, Fergerson W Ray, Musen A Mark. The Knowledge Model ofProtégé-2000: Combining Interoperabolity and Flexibility[OL]. [2011-2-20].https://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/160/BMIR-2000-0830.pdf.
[336] KAON2-Ontology Management for the Semantic Web[OL]. [2011-2-20].http://kaon2.semanticweb.org/#introduction.
[337]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报,2012, 38(1): 33-37.
[338] Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, Feier Cristina, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging andAligning[OL]. [2011-3-13].http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/RelatedWork/Matching/mediation-chapter.pdf.
[339] Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACMSIGMOD Record, 2006, 35(3): 34-41.
[340] Shukla Apoorva, Bhutani Priyanka. Comparative Study of Ontology MergingAlgorithms[OL]. [2011-3-13].http://www.bvicam.ac.in/news/INDIACom%202010%20Proceedings/papers/Group1/311.pdf.
[341] Noy F Natalya. Semantic Integration: A Survey of Ontology-Based Approaches[J].ACM SIGMOD Record, 2004, 33(4): 65-70.
[342] Angele Jürgen, Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging, andAligning[OL]. [2011-3-16].http://www.scharffe.fr/pub/semantic-web-technologies-Wiley-2005.pdf.
[343] Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology AlignmentContest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[344] Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results ofthe Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[345] Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[346] de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies,Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notesin Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[347] Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. //Rival I. Ordered Sets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[348]张云中. Ontology和FCA在知识建模中的融合机理研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2010, 26(3): 40-46.
[349] Mitra P, Wiederhold G, Kersten M. A Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation ofOntology Interdependencies[C]. //Zaniolo C, Lockemann C P, Scholl H M. et al. LectureNotes in Computer Science 1777/2000. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2000: 86-100.
[350] de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies,Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notesin Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[351]曹泽文,钱杰,张维明,邓苏.基于FCA的概念相似度计算方法[J].模糊系统与数学, 2008, 22(1): 155-162.
[352] de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies,Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notesin Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[353] Nanda J, Simpson W T, Kumara R T S, et al. A Methodology for Product FamilyOntology Development using Formal Concept Analysis and Web Ontology Language[J].Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2006, 6(2): 103-113.
[354] de Souza X S K, Davis J. Aligning Ontologies and Evaluating Concept Similarities[C].//Meersman R, Tari Z. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3291/2004. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2004: 1012–1029.
[355] Kotis K, Vouros A G. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. //Bussler J C,Davies J, Fensel D, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[356] Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology AlignmentContest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[357] Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[358] Ehrig M, Sure Y. Ontology Mapping-An Integrated Approach[C]. //Bussler J C, DaviesJ, Fensel D, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2004: 76-91.
[359] Noy N F, Musen M A. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for SemanticMatching[OL]. [2011-12-18].http://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/100/SMI-2001-0889.pdf.
[360] Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results ofthe Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-12-20].http://km.aifb.kit.edu/ws/intont2005/intontproceedings.pdf#page=74.
[361] Euzenat J, Loup D, Touzani M, et al. Ontology Alignment with OLA[OL]. [2011-12-22].http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.- 208 -
[362] Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology AlignmentContest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-12-25].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[363] Straccia U, Troncy R. oMAP: Combining Classifiers for Aligning Automatically OWLOntologies[C]. //Ngu A H H, Kitsuregawa M, Neuhold E J, et al. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 3806/2005. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005: 133-147.
[364] Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. //Spaccapietra S, Atzeni P, Fages F, et al. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[365]赵中英,梁永全,纪淑娟.本体工程中的本体映射研究[J].情报杂志, 2007(8):23-24, 27.
[366]米杨,曹锦丹.基于PROMPT的本体映射实例分析[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(6):987-991.
[367]刘应龙,江杰.一种基于Swoogle本体映射的改进算法[J].计算机系统应用,2009(7): 88-91.
[368]仲茜,李涓子,李毅,等.基于已有映射结果的本体映射[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 48(7): 1178-1181.
[369]徐德智,陈爱明.本体复合映射的发现技术[J].计算机工程, 2009, 35(1): 76-78.
[370]蔡丽宏,马静.基于综合方法的一种本体映射实验研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(5):820-825.
[371] Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. //Rival I. Ordered Sets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[372] Environment Term "Plant Environment Ontology" (EO:0007359) [OL]. [2011-12-26].http://www.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=EO:0007359.
[373] The Environment Ontology(EnvO)-Linking Environmental Data[OL]. [2011-12-28].http://www.environmentontology.org.
[374]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举:知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12): 24-28.
[375] Fellbaum C. WordNet[C]. //Poli R, Healy M, Kameas A. Theory and Applications ofOntology: Computer Applications. Springer Science, 2010: 231-243.
[2]Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Create theDynamics of Innovation[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,1995.
[3]Schoenfeld Alan H, Herrmann Douglas J. Problem Perception and Knowledge Structure in Expert and NoviceMathematical Problem Solvers[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1982,
8(5): 484-494.
[4]Thomas Katherine T, Thomas Jerry R. Developing Expertise in Sport: The Relation of Knowledge andPerformance[J]. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1994, 25(3): 295-312.
[5]Mannes Suzanne M, Kintsch Walter. Knowledge Organization and Text Organization[J]. Cognition andInstruction, 1987, 4(2): 91-115.
[6]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020年）中共中央国务院关于实施科技规划纲要增强自主创新能力的决定[M].北京:中国法制出版社, 2006.
[7]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010, 33(2): 21-24.
[8]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-9-29].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[9]Gruninger Michael, Lee Jintae. Ontology: Applications and Design[J]. Communications of the ACM, 2002,45(2): 39-41.
[10]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[ 11 ]Smith Barry. Formal Ontology, Common Sense and Cognitive Science[J]. International Journal ofHuman-Computer Studies, 1995, 43(5-6): 641-667.
[12]Fonseca Frederico T, Martin James E. Toward An Alternative Notion of Information Systems Ontologies:Information Engineering as A Hermeneutic Enterprise[J]. Journal of the American Society for InformationScience and Technology, 2005, 56(1): 46-57.
[13]Fonseca Frederico. The Double Role of Ontologies in Information Science Research[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2007, 58( 6): 786-793.
[14]Wand Y, Weber R. On the Deep-Structure of Information-Systems[J]. Information Systems Journal, 1995,
[5 1(53 )]: 203-223.Guarino Nicola. Formal Ontology and Information Systems[C]. // Guarino N. Formal Ontology inInformation Systems. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1998: 3-15.
[16]Kayed Ahmad, Hirzallah Nael, Shalabi Luai A Al, Najjar Mohannad. Building Ontological Relationships: ANew Approach[J]. JASIS, 2008, 59(11): 1801-1809.
[ 17 ]Leroy Gondy, Chen Hsinchun. Genescene: An Ontology-Enhanced Integration of Linguistic andCo-Occurrence Based Relations in Biomedical Texts[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology, 2005, 56(5): 457-468.
[18]Kim Hyun Hee. ONTOWEB: Implementing An Ontology-Based Web Retrieval System[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(11): 1167-1176.
[19]Kabel Suzanne, Hoog Robert De, Wielinga Bob J, Anjewierden Anjo. The Added Value of Task andOntology-Based Markup for Information Retrieval[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology, 2004, 55(4): 348-362.
[20]Yeh Jui-Feng, Wu Chung-Hsien, Chen Ming-Jun. Ontology-Based Speech Act Identification in A BilingualDialog System Using Partial Pattern Trees[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science andTechnology, 2008, 59(5): 684-694.
[21]Zhou Lina, Chaovalit Pimwadee. Ontology-Supported Polarity Mining[J]. Journal of the American Societyfor Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(1): 98-110.
[22]Weinberger Hadas, Te'eni Dov, Frank Ariel J. Ontology-Based Evaluation of Organizational Memory[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(9): 1454-1468.
[23]Holsapple C W, Joshi K D. A Formal Knowledge Management Ontology: Conduct, Activities, Resources, andInfluences[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2004, 55(7): 593-612.
[24]董慧,杨宁,余传明,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅰ）—体系结构解析[J].情报学报,2006, 25(3): 269-275
[25]董慧,余传明,姜赢,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅱ）—语义信息的提取[J].情报学报,2006, 25(4): 451-461.
[26]董慧,余传明,杨宁,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅲ）—历史领域资源本体构建[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(5): 564-574.
[27]董慧,余传明,徐国虎,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅳ）—历史领域知识推理机制[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(6): 666-678.
[28]董慧,姜赢,高巾,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅰ）—本体分子理论[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(3): 323-330.
[29]董慧,姜赢,王菲,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅱ）—动态知识组织[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(4): 483-491.
[30]董慧,姜赢,曾杰,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅲ）—动态知识描述[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(5): 643-650.
[31]陈向东,余锦凤.一种基于本体的知识组织工具[J].情报理论与实践, 2006, 29(6): 746-749.
[32]王欣,徐宝祥.基于Ontology的知识集成建模研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2009, 25(11): 23-28.
[33]曾庆田,段华,杨红梅,等.面向知识处理的领域本体及其应用研究[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(6):
713-719.
[34]Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. // Rival I. OrderedSets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[35]Birkhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory[M]. Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1995.
[36]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[37]Calegari Silvia, Sanchez Elie. Object-Fuzzy Concept Network: An Enrichment of Ontologies in SemanticInformation Retrieval[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(13):2171-2185.
[ 38 ]Mora Manuel, Gelman Ovsei, Forgionne Guisseppi, Petkov Doncho, Cano Jeimy. Integrating TheFragmented Pieces of IS Research Paradigms and Frameworks: A Systems Approach[J]. Information ResourcesManagement Journal, 2007, 20(2): 1-22.
[39]Bystr m Katriina, Hansen Preben. Conceptual Framework for Tasks in Information Studies[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(10): 1050-1061.
[40]Song D, Bruza P D. Towards Context Sensitive Information Inference[J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology, 2003, 54(4): 321-334.
[41]van der Eijk C Christiaan, van Mulligen Erik M, Kors Jan A, Mons Barend, van den Berg Jan. ConstructingAn Associative Concept Space for Literature-Based Discovery[J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology, 2004, 55(5): 436-444.
[42]Borlund Pia. The Concept of Relevance in IR[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Scienceand Technology, 2003, 54(10): 913-925.
[43]Garces Pablo J, Olivas Jose A, Romero Francisco P. Concept-Matching IR Systems Versus Word-MatchingInformation Retrieval Systems: Considering Fuzzy Interrelations for Indexing Web Pages[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2006, 57(4): 564-576.
[44]强宇,刘宗田,吴强,等.模糊概念格在知识发现中的应用研究[J].计算机科学, 2005, 32(1): 182-184.
[45]王燕,王国胤,邓维斌.基于概念格的数据驱动不确定知识获取[J].模式识别与人工智能, 2007, 20(5):
636-642.
[46]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12):24-28.
[47]Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 Method Report[OL]. [2011-7-25].http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[48]Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J]. The KnowledgeEngineering Review, 1996, 11(2):93-136.
[49]Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies[OL].[2011-8-15]. http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[50]Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from aCorporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5]. http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[51]Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20]. http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[52]Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15]. http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[53]Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O' Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[54]马汀奇达夫.社会网络与组织[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2007.
[55]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[57]Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual Knowledge Processing with FormalConcept Analysis and Ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 17th International Conference on Industrial and EngineeringApplications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004:189-207.
[ 58 ]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[EB/OL].
2011-2-15]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[59]Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[EB/OL]. [2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[60]黄美丽,刘宗田.基于形式概念分析的领域本体构建方法研究[J].计算机科学, 2006, 33(1): 210-212,239.
[61]马垣,曾子维,迟呈英,等.形式概念及其新进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[62]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2012, 38(1): 33-37.
[63]Muthaiyah Saravanam, Kerschberg Larry. A Hybrid Ontology Mediation Approach for the Semantic Web[J].International Journal of E-Business Research, 2008, 4(4): 79-91.
[64]Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for Ontology Merging and Mapping[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6): 983-1024.
[65]Kotis Konstantinos, Vouros A George. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. In: Proceedings ofthe 1st European Semantic Web Symposium. LNCS 3053. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[66]Scharffe Fran cois. Dynamerge: A Merging Algorithm for Structured Data Integration on the Web[C]. In:Proceedings of DASFAA2007 International Workshop on Scalable Web Information Integration and Service.Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2007: 85-94.
[67]Bock Jürgen, Topor Rodney, Volz Raphael. Ontology Merging using Answer Set Programming and LinguisticKnowledge[OL]. [2011-3-18]. http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2007/8-P435BockWSOntoMergeASP.pdf.
[68]Robin Rene R C, Uma V G. A Novel Algorithm for Fully Automated Ontology Merging Using HybridStrategy[J]. European Journal of Scientific Research, 2010, 47(1): 74-81.
[69]Raunich Salvatore, Rahm Erhard. ATOM Automatic Target-Driven Ontology Merging[OL]. [2011-3-25].http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de/file/ATOM-ICDE11_demo_final.pdf.
[70]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on the Semantic Web[OL].[2011-3-26]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.21.3387&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[71]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies[C]. In: Proceedings ofthe 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Francisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001:225-230.
[72]Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In: Proceedings of the11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[73]El-Gohary N, El-Diraby T. Achieving Ontology Interoperability using Formal Concept Analysis: AnApproach to Inter-Organizational Collaboration[OL]. [2011-3-28]. http://itc.scix.net/data/works/att/w78-2005-D5-2-El-Gohary.pdf.
[74]CuréOlivier, Jeansoulin Robert. An FCA-based Solution for Ontology Mediation[J]. Journal of ComputingScience and Engineering, 2009, 3(2): 90-108.
[ 75 ]Pinto Sofia Helena, Martins P Jo o. A Methodology for Ontology Integration[OL]. [2011-3-29].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/10b%20A%20methodology%20for%20ontology%20integration%20-%20Sofia%20Pinto,%20Pavao%20Martins.pdf.
[76]Noy F Natasha. What Do We Need for Ontology Integration on the Semantic Web, Position Statement[OL].[2011-4-5]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-82/SI_position_10.pdf.
[77]Calvanese Diego, Giacomo De Giuseppe, Lenzerini Maurizio. A Framework for Ontology Integration[OL].[2011-4-8]. http://web.inf.unibz.it/~calvanese/papers/calv-degi-lenz-SWWS-book-2002.pdf.
[78]Hall Mark. Ontology Integration and Evolution [OL]. [2011-4-10]. http://wwwu.edu.uni-klu.ac.at/mhall/data/courses/se_dke/se_dke_ontology_integration_mark_hall.pdf.
[ 79 ]Majki Zoran. Weakly-Coupled Ontology Integration of P2P Database Systems[OL]. [2011-4-13].http://www.p2pkm.org/2004/Camera_Ready/1568938453.pdf.
[80]Alasoud Ahmed, Haarslev Volker, Shiri Nematollaah. A Hybrid Approach for Ontology Integration[OL].[2011-4-12]. http://www.cs.concordia.ca/~haarslev/publications/ODBIS-05.pdf.
[81]Dietze Stefan, Domingue John. Exploiting Conceptual Spaces for Ontology Integration[OL]. [2011-4-15].http://events.sti2.at/dist2008/papers/ExploitingConceptualSpacesForOntologyIntegration-dist2008.pdf.
[82]Jiménez-Ruiz E, Grau Cuenca B, Horrocks I, et al. Ontology Integration Using Mappings: Towards Gettingthe Right Logical Consequences[C]. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Semantic Web Conference on TheSemantic Web: Research and Applications. LNCS 5554. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 173-187.
[83]Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for Semantic Matching[OL].[2011-4-15]. http://se-pubs.dbs.uni-leipzig.de/files/Noy2001AnchorPROMPTUsingNonLocal.pdf.
[84]Euzenat Jér me, Loup David, Touzani Mohamed. Ontology Alignment with OLA [OL]. [2011-4-16].http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.
[85]Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[86]Straccia Umberto, Troncy Rapha l. oMAP: Results of the Ontology Alignment Contest[OL]. [2011-4-18].http://gaia.isti.cnr.it/~straccia/download/papers/KCAP05/KCAP05.pdf.
[87]Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment ContestOAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[ 88 ]Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[89]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.一种基于概念格的本体合并方法[J].微电子学与计算机, 2008, 25(9): 34-36.
[90]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.基于概念格模型的本体映射[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版), 2008, 8(4):91-94.
[91]Lambrix Patrick, Tan He, Liu Qiang. SAMBO and SAMBOdtf Results for the Ontology AlignmentEvaluation Initiative 2008[OL]. [2011-4-20]. http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2008/oaei08_paper10.pdf.
[92]Moser Thomas, Schimper Kathrin, Mordinyi Richard, et al. SAMOA- A Semi-Automated OntologyAlignment Method for Systems Integration in Safety-Critical Environments[OL]. [2011-4-22]. http://csde.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/csde/files/OnAV%202009.pdf.
[93]Spiliopoulos Vassilis, Vouros A George. Synthesizing Ontology Alignment Methods Using the Max-Sum Algorithm[OL]. [2011-4-22]. https://xvpn.whut.edu.cn/stamp/,DanaInfo=ieeexplore.ieee.org+stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5710927.
[94]Xavier Kleber, Souza de Sampaio, Davis Joseph. Aligning Ontologies through Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2011-4-22]. http://www.cnptia.embrapa.br/~kleber/public/KXSS_iiwas2004_final.pdf.
[ 95 ]Brikhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory (3rd)[M]. New York: American Mathematical Society ColloquiumPublications, 1967.
[96]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. In: Proc. ofthe 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[97]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-12-17].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[98]Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to Computer Science[C]. InConceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[99]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[100]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[101]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[102]Studer Rudi, Benjamins V Richard, Fensel Dieter. Knowledge Engineering: Principles and Methods[J]. Data& Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 25(1-2):161-197.
[103]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[OL].[2010-10-8].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper12.pdf.
[104]Formica Anna. Ontology-based Concept Similarity in Formal Concept Analysis[J]. Information Sciences,2006, 176(18):2624-2641.
[105]Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis: A unified framework forbuilding and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering:Practice and Patterns. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:156-171.
[106]Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACM SIGMOD Record, 2006,35(3):34-41.- 30 -
[107]Kalfoglou Yannis, Schorlemmer Marco. Ontology Mapping: The State of The Art[J].The KnowledgeEngineering Review, 2003, 18(1):1-31.
[108]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-up Merging of Ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the
17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2001. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann PublishersInc., 2001:225-230.
[109]Zhao Yi, Halang Wolfgang. Rough Concept Lattice based Ontology Similarity Measure[OL]. [2010-10-10].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:TZz2AbL0rDoJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=2000.
[110]Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal Concept Analysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2010-10-11]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.105.3726&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[111]Tonella Paolo. Formal Concept Analysis in Software Engineering[C]. In: Proc. of the 26th InternationalConference on Software Engineering. Washington DC.: IEEE Computer Society, 2004:743-744.
[ 112 ]Eisenbarth Thomas, Koschke Rainer, Simon Daniel. Locating Features in Source Code[J]. IEEETransactions on Software Engineering, 2003, 29(3):210-224.
[113]Godin Robert, Valtchev Petko. Formal Concept Analysis-based Class Hierarchy Design in Object-oriented Software Development[OL]. [2010-10-11]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.85.
287&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[114]Al-Ekram Raihan, Kontogiannis Kostas. Source Code Modularization Using Lattice of Concept Slices[C]. In:Proc. of the 8th Euromicro Working Conference on Software Maintenance and Reengineering. Washington DC.:IEEE Computer Society, 2004:195-203.
[115]Tonella Paolo. Using a Concept Lattice of Decomposition Slices for Program Understanding and ImpactAnalysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2003, 29(6):495-509.
[116]Fabbrini Fabrizio, Fusani Mario, Gnesi Stefania, Lami Giuseppe. Controlling Requirements Evolution: a Formal Concept Analysis-Based Approach[OL]. [2010-10-29]. http://www-vs.informatik.uni-ulm.de/de/intra/bib/2007/ICSEA07/data/068%20Controlling%20Requirements%20Evolution.pdf.
[117]Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery in Databases Using Formal Concept Analysis Methods[OL]. [2010-10-12]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6133&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[118]Stumme Gerd. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery with Frequent Concept Lattices[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=923B8204DFD0AE1984660669348676A9?doi=10.1.1.14.1608&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[119]Hereth Joachim, Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery and Data Analysis[OL]. [2010-10-12]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.9519&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[120]Stumme Gerd, Taouil Rafik, Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Lakhal Lotfi. Fast Computation of Concept Lattices Using Data Mining Techniques[OL]. [2010-10-12]. http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009013026110/1/StummeFastComputation_2000.pdf.
[121]Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Taouil Rafik, Stumme Gerd, Lakhal Lotfi. Mining Minimal Non-redundant Association Rules Using Frequent Closed Itemsets[OL]. [2010-10-14]. http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009022326389/1/StummeMining_2000.pdf.
[122]Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc. of the 13thInternational Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:534-546.
[123]Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, J schke Robert, Stumme Gerd. Mining Association Rules in Folksonomies[EB/OL]. [2010-10-14]. http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009040826905/1/StummeMiningAssociationRules2006.pdf.
[124]Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. Semantic Grounding of Tag Relatedness inSocial Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on the Semantic Web. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2008:615–631.
[125]Krause Beate, Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. The Anti-Social Tagger: Detecting Spamin Social Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 4th International Workshop on Adversarial InformationRetrieval on the Web. New York: ACM, 2008:61-68.
[126]Markines Benjamin, Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. Evaluating SimilarityMeasures for Emergent Semantics of Social Tagging[C]. In: Proc. of the 18th International Conference on WorldWide Web. New York: ACM, 2009:641-650.
[127]Godin Robert, Missaoui Rokia, April Alain. Experimental Comparison of Navigation in a Galois Latticewith Conventional Information Retrieval[J]. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1993, 38(5):747-767.
[ 128 ]Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Information Retrieval Through Hybrid Navigation of LatticeRepresentations[J]. International Journal of Human-Computers Studies, 1996, 45(5):553-578.
[ 129 ]Kim Mihye, Compton Paul. Formal Concept Analysis for Domain-Specific Document RetrievalSystems[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.7126&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[130]Cigarrán M. Juan, Gonzalo Julio, Pe as Anselmo, Verdejo Felisa. Browsing Search Results via Formal Concept Analysis Automatic Selection of Attributes[OL]. [2010-10-15]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.98.6196&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[131]Rome E. Jayson, Haralick M. Robert. Towards a Formal Concept Analysis Approach to ExploringCommunities on the World Wide Web[OL]. [2010-10-15]. http://tr.cs.gc.cuny.edu/tr/files/TR-2004017.pdf.
[132]Messai Nizar, Devignes Marie-Dominique, Napoli Amedeo, Sma l-Tabbone Malika. Extending AttributeDependencies for Lattice-Based Querying and Navigation[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th International Conference onConceptual Structures: Knowledge Visualization and Reasoning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:189-202.
[133]Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Exploiting the Potential of Concept Lattices for Information Retrievalwith CREDO[OL]. [2010-10-15]. http://www.jucs.org/jucs_10_8/exploiting_the_potential_of/Carpineto_C.pdf.
[134]Cheung S. K. Karen, Vogel Douglas. Complexity Reduction in Lattice-Based Information Retrieval[J].Information Retrieval, 2005, 8(2):285-299.
[135]Yadav B. Surya. A Conceptual Model for User-Centered Quality Information Retrieval on the World WideWeb[J]. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems2010,35(1):91-121.
[136]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[137]Overview on ConExp[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://conexp.sourceforge.net/users.
[138]Lattice Miner 1.4 Beta[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Math-Scientific/Lattice-Miner.shtml.
[139]FCA applications[OL]. [2012-2-24]. http://www.fca.radvansky.net/news.php.
[140]Becker Peter, Correia H Joachim. The ToscanaJ Suite for Implementing Conceptual Information Systems[C].In Formal Concept Analysis2005. LNCS 3626. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005: 324–348.
[141]Szathmary Laszlo, Napoli Amedeo. CORON: A Framework for Levelwise Itemset Mining Algorithms [OL].[2010-9-28]. http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/06/46/87/PS/A05-R-015.ps.
[142]Concept Explorer[OL]. [2010-8-18]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/conexp.
[143]Lattice Miner[OL]. [2010-8-20]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/lattice-miner.
[144]Wormuth Bastian, Becker Peter. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-2]. http://www.wormuth.info/ICFCA04/Introduction_to_FCA_ICFCA2004.pdf.
[145]Bělohlávek Radim. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-2]. http://phoenix.inf.upol.cz/esf/ucebni/formal.pdf.
[146]Wille Rudolf. Methods of Conceptual Knowledge Processing[C]. In: Proc. of the 4th InternationalConference, ICFCA 2006. LNCS 3874. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 1-29.
[147]Ganter B, Wille R. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-10]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[148]Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[149]Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc. of the 13thInternational Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS 2453. London: Springer-Verlag,2002: 534-546.
[150]Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc. of the 13thInternational Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS 2453. London: Springer-Verlag,2002: 534-546.
[151]Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[ 152]Burmeister Peter. Formal Concept Analysis with ConImp: Introduction to the Basic Features[OL].[2010-8-12]. http://www.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/~burmeister/ConImpIntro.pdf.
[153]Galicia’s Features[OL]. [2010-8-12]. http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~galicia/features.html.
[154]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[155]杨子竞.国外图书馆史简编[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 1990.
[156]林周.“植物之王”卡尔·林奈[J].科学大观园, 2009(4): 64-66.
[157]程鹏.“《中图法》和《杜威法》对照系统”的研制[J].图书馆学研究, 2001(2): 55-57.
[158]Dewey Decimal Classification Index[OL]. [2010-04-11]. http://librarian.school.net.hk/ddc000s. htm.
[159]马张华,陈志新.阮冈纳赞对现代编目理论的贡献[J].图书馆论坛, 1998(2): 24-26.
[160]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[161]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[162]Statistics [OL]. [2012-04-25]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics.
[ 163 ]The Prince of Egypt (1998) [OL]. [2010-04-12]. http://www.amazon.com/Prince-Egypt-Val-Kilmer/dp/B00000JGOQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1271304583&sr=8-1.
[164]Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How Japanese Companies Createthe Dynamics of Innovation[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[165]Chris Anderson. The Long Tail[OL]. [2010-01-22]. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html.
[166]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010, 33(2): 21-24.
[ 167 ]OECD. The Knowledge-Based Economy[OL]. [2009-7-22]. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/8/1913021.pdf.
[168]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[169]刘诗白.论现代知识生产[J].福建论坛（人文社会科学版）, 2005(4): 4-10.
[170]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[171]Brookes B. The Fundamental Equation of Information Science[C]. In: Problem of Information Science, 1974,3(25): 42-49.
[172]Belkin Nicholas J, Robertson Stephen E. Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1976, 7-8: 197-204.
[173]Doignon J P, Falmagne J C. Spaces for the Assessment of Knowledge[J]. International Journal ofMan-Machine Studies, 1985, 23: 175-196.
[174]Zachman John A. A Framework for Information Systems Architecture[J]. IBM System Journal, 1987, 26(3):276-292.
[175]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[176]Han Jiawei, Kamber Micheline. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques[M]. Morgan Kaufmann, 2001.
[177]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[178]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[179]马克思恩格斯选集（第二卷）[M].北京:人民出版社, 1995.
[180]Taylor Arlene G.信息组织（2nd Edition）[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[181]Louis Rosenfeld, Peter Morville. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web: Designing Large-ScaleWeb Sites(2 edition) [M]. O'Reilly Media, 2002.
[182]马费成,张勤.国内外知识管理研究热点——基于词频的统计分析[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(2):163-171.
[183]滕广青,田依林,董立丽,等.知识组织体系的解构与重构[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(9): 15-18.
[184]赖茂生,屈鹏,谢静.知识组织最新研究与实践进展[J].图书情报工作, 2009, 53(2): 19-23.
[185]Sheppard Zack. 5,000,000,000[OL]. [2010-12-13]. http://blog.flickr.net/en/2010/09/19/5000000000.
[186]Flickr. Shanghai: View from The Top[OL]. [2010-12-4]. http://www.flickr.com/photos/joe-joe/3136836681/in/photostream.
[187]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[188]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[189]王知津.从情报组织到知识组织[J].情报学报, 1998, 17(3): 230-234.
[190]王军,张丽.网络知识组织系统的研究现状和发展趋势[J].中国图书馆学报, 2008, 34(173): 65-69.
[191]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户市场细分——数字图书馆用户的概念聚类分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(2): 7-11.
[192]Borgman Christine L. What are Digital Libraries? Competing visions[J]. Information Processing andManagement. 1999(35):227-243
[193]张晓林.数字图书馆机制的范式演变及其挑战[J].中国图书馆学报, 2001(6):3-5.
[194]Smith Wendell R. Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation as Alternative Marketing Strategies[J].The Journal of Marketing, 1956, 21(1): 3-8.
[195]Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to Computer Science[C]. InConceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[196]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach Based on Hierarchies of Concepts[C]. In:Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. LNAI5548. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2009: 314-339.
[197]Strahringer S, Wille R. Conceptual Clustering Via Convex-ordinal Structures[C]. In: O. Opitz, B. Lausen, R.Klar (eds.): Information and Classification. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1993: 85–98.
[198]Mineau G, Godin R. Automatic Structuring of Knowledge Bases by Conceptual Clustering[J]. IEEETransactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1995, 7(5): 824–829
[199]Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, Pasqier N, Lakhal L. Computing Iceberg Concept Lattices with Titanic[J].Data and Knowledge Engineering, 2002, 42(2): 189-222.
[200]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Formal Concept Analysis[M]. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1999.
[201]张正.数字图书馆用户研究[J].图书馆,2004(1): 46-48.
[202]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户用法细分——数字图书馆用户使用方法的关联规则挖掘[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 8-12.
[203]刘玉照,岳修志,刘建准.数字图书馆用户群及信息交流机制[J].中国图书馆学报, 2007, 33(167):62-65.
[204]张克状,刘友华,黄芳,李寅.一种面向用户兴趣的个性化语义查询扩展方法[J].现代图书情报技术,2008, 24(8): 48-52.
[205]钱万里,吴玲芳.客户关系管理—数字图书馆信息用户市场竞争策略[J].图书情报工作, 2003(7):95-97.
[206]程娟,肖雪.基于长尾理论的数字图书馆用户保障[J].图书情报工作, 2008, 52(8): 39-42.
[207]张玉峰,吴覃.数字图书馆中用户访问模式挖掘方法研究[J].情报科学, 2009, 27(9): 1371-1374.
[208]Keating John J, Hafner Arthur W. Supporting Individual Library Patrons with Information Technologies:Emerging One-to-One Library Services on the College or University Campus[J]. Journal of AcademicLibrarianship, 2002, 28(6): 426-429.
[209]Henderson Kay. Marketing Strategies for Digital Library Services: Digital Directions[J]. Libraray Reivew,2005, 54(6): 342-345.
[210]Agrawal Rakesh, Imielinski Tomasz, Swami Arun. Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large[D 2a1ta1b a]ses[J]. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data), 1993, 22(2): 207-216.Pasquier N. Mining Association Rules using Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2009-12-27].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.25.3360&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[212]Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, et al. Interlligent Structuring and Reducing of Association Rules withFormal Concept Analysis[C]. In: KI 2001: Advances in Artificial Intelligence. German/Austrian, 2001: 335-350.
[213]黄微,毕强,滕广青.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户检索行为序列模式挖掘研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 13-18.
[214]Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th International Conference on DataEngineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[215]Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and Performance Improvements[C]. In:Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT), London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[216]Masseglia F, Cathala F, Poncelet P. The PSP Approach for Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the
2nd European Symposium on Principles of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, London: Springer-Verlag,1998: 176-184.
[217]Zaki M J. SPADE: An Efficient Algorithm for Mining Frequent Sequences[J]. Machine Learning, 2001(42):31-60.
[218]Han J, Pei J, et al. FreeSpan: Frequent Pattern-Projected Sequential Pattern Mining[C]. In: Proc. of the 6thACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, Boston, USA, 2000: 355-359.
[219]Pei J, Han J, et al. PrefixSpan: Mining Sequential Patterns Efficiently by Prefix-Projected Pattern Growth[C].In: Proc. of the 17th Int. Conf. on Data Engineering(ICDE’0l). Heidelberg, Germany, 2001: 215-224.
[220]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20): 60-62, 79.
[ 221 ]金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展, 2007, 44(11):1816-1824, 2007.
[222]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用, 2008, 28(3):726-728, 741.
[223]吴大岳,谢福鼎,孙岩,张永.时序波动关联规则概念格并行挖掘的一个新算法[J].计算机科学, 2008,35(10): 158-161.
[224]何小卫,牛海峰,许黎明,马跃.基于趋势概念格的决策规则挖掘[J].计算机应用, 2009, 29(4):1106-1109, 1113.
[225]甘特尔R,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[226]Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th International Conference on DataEngineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[227]Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and Performance Improvements[C]. In:Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT), London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[228]Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th International Conference on DataEngineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[229]Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and Performance Improvements[C]. In:[P2r3o0c]. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT), London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[ 231 ]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20): 60-62, 79.金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展, 2007, 44(11):1816-1824, 2007.
[232]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用, 2008, 28(3):726-728, 741.
[233]Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance of InformationTechnology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[234]Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance of InformationTechnology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[235]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究—Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[236]Wal T V. Folksonomy[OL]. [2010-12-01]. http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[237]Knoll G. Folksonomy: Tagging[OL]. [2010-12-26]. http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~kena/classes/7818/f06/lectures/folksonomy.pdf.
[238]Angus E, Thelwall M, Stuart D. General Patterns of Tag Usage among University Groups in Flickr[J].OnlineInformation Review, 2008, 32(1): 89-101.
[239]Weaver M. Contextual Metadata: Faceted Schemas in Virtual Library Communities[J]. Library Hi Tech,2007, 25(4): 579-594.
[240]Eckert K, H nger C, Niemann C. Tagging and Automation: Challenges and Opportunities for AcademicLibraries[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2009, 27(4): 557-569.
[241]Bar-Ilan J, Shoham S, Idan A, et al. Structured Versus Unstructured Tagging: A Case Study[J].Online Information Review, 2008, 32(5): 635-647.
[242]Peters I, Stock G W.“Power Tags”in Information Retrieval[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2010, 28(1):81-93.
[243]Shiri A. An Examination of Social Tagging Interface Features and Functionalities: An AnalyticalComparison[J]. Online Information Review, 2009, 33(5): 901-919.
[244]Chopin K. Finding Communities: Alternative Viewpoints through Weblogs and Tagging[J]. Journalof Documentation, 2008, 64(4): 552-575.
[245]Thomas M, Caudle D M, Schmitz C M. To Tag or Not to Tag?[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2009, 27(3):411-434.
[246]Yi K, Chan L M. Linking Folksonomy to Library of Congress Subject Headings: An ExploratoryStudy[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2009, 65(6): 872-900.
[247]Rafferty P, Hidderley R. Flickr and Democratic Indexing: Dialogic Approaches to Indexing[J].Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 2007, 59(4/5): 397-410.
[248]Murfi H, Obermayer K. A Two-Level Learning Hierarchy of Concept Based Keyword Extraction for Tag Recommendations[OL]. [2010-12-27]. https://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/ws/dc09/papers/paper_17.pdf.
[249]Cosh K J, Burns R, Daniel T. Content clouds: classifying content in Web 2.0[J]. Library Review,2008, 57(9): 722-729.
[250]Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework for CollaborativeMulti-Perspective Ontology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010, 34(1): 145-159.
[251]黄健年,侯汉清.关于Tag分类及相关理论问题的研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2008, 27(7): 49-52.
[252]徐少同.网络信息自组织视角下的Folksonomy优化[J].图书情报工作, 2009, 53(10): 102-105,
120.
[253]李志云,徐士进,武港山,等.协同标注研究及其在数字博物馆中的应用[J].计算机工程,2008, 34(6): 221-223.
[254]丛鲁丽.基于大众分类法的中文博客分类方法[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9): 50-52, 40.
[255]钟远薪,张春晓.基于Ajax的嵌入式Tag系统初步研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2007, 26(8): 40-43.
[256]李超.一种基于主体和分众分类的信息检索优化方法[J].情报理论与实践, 2009, 32(10):108-110, 107.
[257]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007:15-17.
[258]Connotea: Cloud[OL]. [2010-12-25]. http://www.connotea.org/cloud.
[259]Wal T V. Folksonomy Coinage and Definition[OL]. [2012-1-11]. http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[260]Schmitz C, Hotho A, J schke R, et al. Mining Association Rules in Folksonomies[C]. // Batagelj V, Bock H,Ferligoj A, et al. Data Science and Classification. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006, VI: 261-270.
[261]Cattuto C, Benz D, Hotho A, et al. Semantic Grounding of Tag Relatedness in Social BookmarkingSystems[C]. // Sheth A, Staab S, Dean M, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 5318/2008. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2008: 615-631.
[262]Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework for Collaborative Multi-PerspectiveOntology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010, 34(1): 145-159.
[263]Li P, Wang B, Jin W, et al. User-Related Tag Expansion for Web Document Clustering[C]. // Clough P,Foley C, Gurrin C, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 6611/2011. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 19-31.
[264]王翠英(编译).标签的聚类分析研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2008, 24(5): 67-71.
[265]Kim H L, Scerri S, Breslin J G,等.最新标签本体:标签和民俗分类法语义模型[J].丁鹏宇,译.现代图书情报技术, 2009,25(3): 30-37.
[266]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[267]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[268]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究——Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[269]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[270]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[271]滕广青.电子商务网站Folksonomy用户Tag的语义认知分析[J].情报科学, 2011, 29(12): 1871-1875,1881.
[272]Taylor Arlene G.信息组织(2nd Edition)[M].张素芳,李书宁,李金波,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[273]Agrawal R, Imielinski T, Swami A. Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items in Large Databases[C].// Buneman P, Jajodia S, Kim W. ACM SIGMOD Record. New York: ACM, 1993, 22(2): 207-216.
[274]陈洁,司莉.社会分类法（Folksonomy）特点及其应用研究[J].图书与情报, 2008(3): 27-30.
[275]滕广青,毕强.基于粒度概念分析法的文献关键词分析：以Ontology领域关键词为例[J].现代图书情报技术, 2011, 27(9): 1-6.
[276]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept [C]. In:Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[277]肖明,李国俊,杨楠.基于词频分析的国内情报学研究热点(1998～2007)[J].情报杂志, 2009,28(8): 21-25.
[278]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报, 2006, 32(2): 88-92.
[279]刘志辉,张志强.作者关键词耦合分析方法及实证研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(2): 268-275.
[280]金莹,邓三鸿.基于关键词被引聚类的人文社会科学学科分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2006,9: 43-48.
[281]魏瑞斌.社会网络分析在关键词网络分析中的实证研究[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9): 46-49.
[282]Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal ConceptAnalysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2011-7-15]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6445&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[ 283 ]Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-11-7]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[284]Priss U. The Formalization of WordNet by Methods of Relational Concept Analysis [OL].[2011-5-28]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.60.3625&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[285]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[286]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12):24-28.
[287]斯通普夫S E,菲泽J.西方哲学史（第七版）[M].北京:中华书局, 2005.
[288]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[289]杨寿堪.冲突与选择：现代哲学转向问题研究[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社, 1996.
[290]波普尔.卡尔.客观知识—一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[291]Brookes B C. The foundations of information science: Part IV. Information science: the changingparadigm[J]. Journal of Information Science, 1981, 3(1): 3-12.
[292]Belkin J N, Robertson E S. Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science, 1976, 27(4): 197-204.
[293]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5):49-53.
[294]Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 Method Report[OL].
[2011-7-25]. http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[295]Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J]. The KnowledgeEngineering Review, 1996, 11(2): 93-136.
[296]Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation of Ontologies[OL].[2011-8-15].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[297]Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20]. http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[298]Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O' Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[299]Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from aCorporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5]. http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[300]Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15]. http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[301]牟冬梅.本体在医学数字信息资源知识组织中的应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2005.
[302]王洪伟,吴家春,蒋馥.基于描述逻辑的本体模型研究[J].系统工程, 2003(3): 101-106.
[303]刘凤华,朱欣娟.信息系统领域的本体模型研究[J].西安工程科技学院学报, 2003(1): 53-57.
[304]李景,苏晓鹭.构建领域本体的方法[J].计算机与农业, 2003(7): 7-10.
[305]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.
[306]Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. In: Proc. ofthe 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[307]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2011-8-10].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[ 308 ]Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[309]Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual Knowledge Processing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-7-21]. http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[310]Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for Ontology Merging andMapping[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6): 983-1024.
[311]Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies[C]. In: Proceedingsof the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. San Francisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001:225-230.
[312]Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In: Proceedings of the11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[313]Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment ContestOAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-7-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[314]Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-7-18]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[ 315 ]Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[316]Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de Medeiros Evangelista. AligningOntologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[317]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究.现代图书情报技术,2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[318]Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de Medeiros Evangelista. AligningOntologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[319]毕强,韩毅,牟冬梅.基于知识地图的多领域本体语义互联研究[J].情报科学, 2009, 27(3): 321-325,337.
[320]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[321]Maedche Alexander, Staab Steffen. Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001, 16(2): 72-79.
[322]孙利.基于主题词表和FCA的海事本体构建研究[D].大连:大连海事大学, 2010.
[323]Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis A unified framework forbuilding and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering andKnowledge Management. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008: 156-171.
[324]Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to Computer Science[C]. InConceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 2-19
[325]Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[ 326 ]Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[327]Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual Knowledge Processing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-2-15]. http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[328]毕强,牟冬梅,韩毅.下一代数字图书馆知识组织[M].长春:吉林教育出版社, 2009.
[329]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[330]牟冬梅,范轶.数字图书馆领域本体的构建与推理—以医学领域本体为例[J].图书情报工作, 2007,51(8): 26-30.
[331]梁健,王惠临.基于文本的本体学习方法研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2007, 30(1): 112-115, 17.
[332]吕艳辉,马宗民,王玉喜.基于关系数据库的OWL本体构建方法的研究[J].计算机科学, 2009, 36(7):153-156, 226.
[333]ICTCLAS简介[OL]. [2011-2-20]. http://ictclas.org/ictclas_introduction.html.
[334]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[335]Noy F Natalya, Fergerson W Ray, Musen A Mark. The Knowledge Model of Protégé-2000: Combining Interoperabolity and Flexibility[OL]. [2011-2-20]. https://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/160/BMIR-2000-0830.pdf.
[336]KAON2-Ontology Management for the Semantic Web[OL]. [2011-2-20]. http://kaon2.semanticweb.org/#introduction.
[337]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2012, 38(1): 33-37.
[338]Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, Feier Cristina, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging and Aligning[OL].[2011-3-13]. http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/RelatedWork/Matching/mediation-chapter.pdf.
[339]Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACM SIGMOD Record, 2006,35(3): 34-41.
[340]Shukla Apoorva, Bhutani Priyanka. Comparative Study of Ontology Merging Algorithms[OL]. [2011-3-13].http://www.bvicam.ac.in/news/INDIACom%202010%20Proceedings/papers/Group1/311.pdf.
[341]Noy F Natalya. Semantic Integration: A Survey of Ontology-Based Approaches[J]. ACM SIGMOD Record,2004, 33(4): 65-70.
[342]Angele Jürgen, Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging, and Aligning[OL].[2011-3-16]. http://www.scharffe.fr/pub/semantic-web-technologies-Wiley-2005.pdf.
[343]Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment Contest OAEI2006[OL]. [2011-4-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[344]Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[ 345 ]Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms and Implementation[C].//Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[346]de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating ConceptSimilarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[347]Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. //Rival I. OrderedSets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[348]张云中. Ontology和FCA在知识建模中的融合机理研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 40-46.
[ 349 ]Mitra P, Wiederhold G, Kersten M. A Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation of OntologyInterdependencies[C]. //Zaniolo C, Lockemann C P, Scholl H M. et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science1777/2000. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2000: 86-100.
[350]de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating ConceptSimilarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[351]曹泽文,钱杰,张维明,邓苏.基于FCA的概念相似度计算方法[J].模糊系统与数学, 2008, 22(1):155-162.
[352]de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating ConceptSimilarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[353]Nanda J, Simpson W T, Kumara R T S, et al. A Methodology for Product Family Ontology Developmentusing Formal Concept Analysis and Web Ontology Language[J]. Journal of Computing and Information Sciencein Engineering, 2006, 6(2): 103-113.
[354]de Souza X S K, Davis J. Aligning Ontologies and Evaluating Concept Similarities[C]. //Meersman R, TariZ. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3291/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 1012–1029.
[355]Kotis K, Vouros A G. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. //Bussler J C, Davies J, Fensel D, etal. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[356]Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment Contest OAEI2006[OL]. [2011-4-19]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[ 357 ]Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms and Implementation[C].//Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[358]Ehrig M, Sure Y. Ontology Mapping-An Integrated Approach[C]. //Bussler J C, Davies J, Fensel D, et al.Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004: 76-91.
[359]Noy N F, Musen M A. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for Semantic Matching[OL].
[2011-12-18]. http://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/100/SMI-2001-0889.pdf.
[360]Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-12-20]. http://km.aifb.kit.edu/ws/intont2005/intontproceedings.pdf#page=74.
[ 361 ]Euzenat J, Loup D, Touzani M, et al. Ontology Alignment with OLA[OL]. [2011-12-22].http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.
[362]Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology Alignment Contest OAEI2006[OL]. [2011-12-25]. http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[363]Straccia U, Troncy R. oMAP: Combining Classifiers for Aligning Automatically OWL Ontologies[C]. //NguA H H, Kitsuregawa M, Neuhold E J, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3806/2005. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2005: 133-147.
[ 364 ]Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms and Implementation[C].//Spaccapietra S, Atzeni P, Fages F, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2007: 1-38.
[365]赵中英,梁永全,纪淑娟.本体工程中的本体映射研究[J].情报杂志, 2007(8): 23-24, 27.
[366]米杨,曹锦丹.基于PROMPT的本体映射实例分析[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(6): 987-991.
[367]刘应龙,江杰.一种基于Swoogle本体映射的改进算法[J].计算机系统应用, 2009(7): 88-91.
[368]仲茜,李涓子,李毅,等.基于已有映射结果的本体映射[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 48(7):1178-1181.
[369]徐德智,陈爱明.本体复合映射的发现技术[J].计算机工程, 2009, 35(1): 76-78.
[370]蔡丽宏,马静.基于综合方法的一种本体映射实验研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(5): 820-825.
[371]Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. //Rival I. OrderedSets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[372]Environment Term "Plant Environment Ontology" (EO:0007359) [OL]. [2011-12-26]. http://www.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=EO:0007359.
[373]The Environment Ontology(EnvO)-Linking Environmental Data[OL]. [2011-12-28]. http://www.environmentontology.org.
[374]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举:知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12):24-28.
[375]Fellbaum C. WordNet[C]. //Poli R, Healy M, Kameas A. Theory and Applications of Ontology: ComputerApplications. Springer Science, 2010: 231-243.
[1] Greenstein Daniel, Thorin Suzanne E. The Digital Library: A Biography[M]. Washington:Digital Library Federation, 2002.
[2] Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How JapaneseCompanies Create the Dynamics of Innovation[M].Oxford: Oxford University Press,1995.
[3] Schoenfeld Alan H, Herrmann Douglas J. Problem Perception and Knowledge Structure inExpert and Novice Mathematical Problem Solvers[J]. Journal of Experimental Psychology:Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1982, 8(5): 484-494.
[4] Thomas Katherine T, Thomas Jerry R. Developing Expertise in Sport: The Relation ofKnowledge and Performance[J]. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 1994, 25(3):295-312.
[5] Mannes Suzanne M, Kintsch Walter. Knowledge Organization and Text Organization[J].Cognition and Instruction, 1987, 4(2): 91-115.
[6]中华人民共和国国务院.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要（2006-2020年）中共中央国务院关于实施科技规划纲要增强自主创新能力的决定[M].北京:中国法制出版社,2006.
[7]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010, 33(2):21-24.
[8] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-9-29].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[9] Gruninger Michael, Lee Jintae. Ontology: Applications and Design[J]. Communications ofthe ACM, 2002, 45(2): 39-41.
[10]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[11] Smith Barry. Formal Ontology, Common Sense and Cognitive Science[J]. InternationalJournal of Human-Computer Studies, 1995, 43(5-6): 641-667.
[12] Fonseca Frederico T, Martin James E. Toward An Alternative Notion of Information SystemsOntologies: Information Engineering as A Hermeneutic Enterprise[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(1): 46-57.
[13] Fonseca Frederico. The Double Role of Ontologies in Information Science Research[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2007, 58( 6):786-793.
[14] Wand Y, Weber R. On the Deep-Structure of Information-Systems[J]. Information SystemsJournal, 1995, 5(3): 203-223.
[15] Guarino Nicola. Formal Ontology and Information Systems[C]. // Guarino N. FormalOntology in Information Systems. Amsterdam: IOS Press, 1998: 3-15.
[16] Kayed Ahmad, Hirzallah Nael, Shalabi Luai A Al, Najjar Mohannad. Building OntologicalRelationships: A New Approach[J]. JASIS, 2008, 59(11): 1801-1809.
[17] Leroy Gondy, Chen Hsinchun. Genescene: An Ontology-Enhanced Integration of Linguisticand Co-Occurrence Based Relations in Biomedical Texts[J]. Journal of the American Societyfor Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(5): 457-468.
[18] Kim Hyun Hee. ONTOWEB: Implementing An Ontology-Based Web Retrieval System[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005, 56(11):1167-1176.
[19] Kabel Suzanne, Hoog Robert De, Wielinga Bob J, Anjewierden Anjo. The Added Value ofTask and Ontology-Based Markup for Information Retrieval[J]. Journal of the AmericanSociety for Information Science and Technology, 2004, 55(4): 348-362.
[20] Yeh Jui-Feng, Wu Chung-Hsien, Chen Ming-Jun. Ontology-Based Speech Act Identificationin A Bilingual Dialog System Using Partial Pattern Trees[J]. Journal of the American Societyfor Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(5): 684-694.
[21] Zhou Lina, Chaovalit Pimwadee. Ontology-Supported Polarity Mining[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008, 59(1): 98-110.
[22] Weinberger Hadas, Te'eni Dov, Frank Ariel J. Ontology-Based Evaluation of OrganizationalMemory[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2008,59(9): 1454-1468.
[23] Holsapple C W, Joshi K D. A Formal Knowledge Management Ontology: Conduct,Activities, Resources, and Influences[J]. Journal of the American Society for InformationScience and Technology, 2004, 55(7): 593-612.
[24]董慧,杨宁,余传明,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅰ）—体系结构解析[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(3): 269-275
[25]董慧,余传明,姜赢,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅱ）—语义信息的提取[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(4): 451-461.
[26]董慧,余传明,杨宁,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅲ）—历史领域资源本体构建[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(5): 564-574.
[27]董慧,余传明,徐国虎,等.基于本体的数字图书馆检索模型研究（Ⅳ）—历史领域知识推理机制[J].情报学报, 2006, 25(6): 666-678.
[28]董慧,姜赢,高巾,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅰ）—本体分子理论[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(3): 323-330.
[29]董慧,姜赢,王菲,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅱ）—动态知识组织[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(4): 483-491.
[30]董慧,姜赢,曾杰,等.基于数字图书馆的本体演化和知识管理研究（Ⅲ）—动态知识描述[J].情报学报, 2009, 28(5): 643-650.
[31]陈向东,余锦凤.一种基于本体的知识组织工具[J].情报理论与实践, 2006, 29(6):746-749.
[32]王欣,徐宝祥.基于Ontology的知识集成建模研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2009, 25(11):23-28.
[33]曾庆田,段华,杨红梅,等.面向知识处理的领域本体及其应用研究[J].情报学报, 2006,25(6): 713-719.
[34] Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies of Concept[C]. //Rival I. Ordered Sets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[35] Birkhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory[M]. Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 1995.
[36]毕强,滕广青.国外信息资源管理研究进展及热点分析—基于IRMJ和JASIS的分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2009, 35(5): 80-90.
[37] Calegari Silvia, Sanchez Elie. Object-Fuzzy Concept Network: An Enrichment of Ontologiesin Semantic Information Retrieval[J]. Journal of the American Society for InformationScience and Technology, 2008, 59(13): 2171-2185.
[38] Mora Manuel, Gelman Ovsei, Forgionne Guisseppi, Petkov Doncho, Cano Jeimy. IntegratingThe Fragmented Pieces of IS Research Paradigms and Frameworks: A Systems Approach[J].Information Resources Management Journal, 2007, 20(2): 1-22.
[39] Bystr m Katriina, Hansen Preben. Conceptual Framework for Tasks in InformationStudies[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2005,56(10): 1050-1061.
[40] Song D, Bruza P D. Towards Context Sensitive Information Inference[J]. Journal of theAmerican Society for Information Science and Technology, 2003, 54(4): 321-334.
[41] van der Eijk C Christiaan, van Mulligen Erik M, Kors Jan A, Mons Barend, van den BergJan. Constructing An Associative Concept Space for Literature-Based Discovery[J]. Journalof the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2004, 55(5): 436-444.
[42] Borlund Pia. The Concept of Relevance in IR[J]. Journal of the American Society forInformation Science and Technology, 2003, 54(10): 913-925.
[43] Garces Pablo J, Olivas Jose A, Romero Francisco P. Concept-Matching IR Systems VersusWord-Matching Information Retrieval Systems: Considering Fuzzy Interrelations forIndexing Web Pages[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science andTechnology, 2006, 57(4): 564-576.
[44]强宇,刘宗田,吴强,等.模糊概念格在知识发现中的应用研究[J].计算机科学, 2005,32(1): 182-184.
[45]王燕,王国胤,邓维斌.基于概念格的数据驱动不确定知识获取[J].模式识别与人工智能, 2007, 20(5): 636-642.
[46]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践,2011, 34(12): 24-28.
[47] Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 MethodReport[OL]. [2011-7-25].http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[48] Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J]. TheKnowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2):93-136.
[49] Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation ofOntologies[OL]. [2011-8-15].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[50] Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontologyfrom a Corporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5].http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[51] Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: FromOntological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[52] Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide to CreatingYour First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[53] Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O'Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[54]马汀奇达夫.社会网络与组织[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社, 2007.
[55]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.
[56] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[57] Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual KnowledgeProcessing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 17thInternational Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligenceand Expert Systems. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2004:189-207.
[58] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[EB/OL]. [2011-2-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[59] Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[EB/OL].
[2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[60]黄美丽,刘宗田.基于形式概念分析的领域本体构建方法研究[J].计算机科学, 2006,33(1): 210-212, 239.
[61]马垣,曾子维,迟呈英,等.形式概念及其新进展[M].北京:科学出版社, 2011.
[62]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2012,38(1): 33-37.
[63] Muthaiyah Saravanam, Kerschberg Larry. A Hybrid Ontology Mediation Approach for theSemantic Web[J]. International Journal of E-Business Research, 2008, 4(4): 79-91.
[64] Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for Ontology Mergingand Mapping[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6): 983-1024.
[65] Kotis Konstantinos, Vouros A George. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. In:Proceedings of the 1st European Semantic Web Symposium. LNCS 3053. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[66] Scharffe Fran cois. Dynamerge: A Merging Algorithm for Structured Data Integration on theWeb[C]. In: Proceedings of DASFAA2007 International Workshop on Scalable WebInformation Integration and Service. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 2007: 85-94.
[67] Bock Jürgen, Topor Rodney, Volz Raphael. Ontology Merging using Answer SetProgramming and Linguistic Knowledge[OL]. [2011-3-18].http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2007/8-P435BockWSOntoMergeASP.pdf.
[68] Robin Rene R C, Uma V G. A Novel Algorithm for Fully Automated Ontology MergingUsing Hybrid Strategy[J]. European Journal of Scientific Research, 2010, 47(1): 74-81.
[69] Raunich Salvatore, Rahm Erhard. ATOM Automatic Target-Driven Ontology Merging[OL].
[2011-3-25]. http://dbs.uni-leipzig.de/file/ATOM-ICDE11_demo_final.pdf.
[70] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. Ontology Merging for Federated Ontologies on theSemantic Web[OL]. [2011-3-26].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.21.3387&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[71] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging of Ontologies[C].In: Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. SanFrancisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001: 225-230.
[72] Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In:Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[73] El-Gohary N, El-Diraby T. Achieving Ontology Interoperability using Formal ConceptAnalysis: An Approach to Inter-Organizational Collaboration[OL]. [2011-3-28].http://itc.scix.net/data/works/att/w78-2005-D5-2-El-Gohary.pdf.
[74] CuréOlivier, Jeansoulin Robert. An FCA-based Solution for Ontology Mediation[J]. Journalof Computing Science and Engineering, 2009, 3(2): 90-108.
[75] Pinto Sofia Helena, Martins P Jo o. A Methodology for Ontology Integration[OL].
[2011-3-29].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/10b%20A%20methodology%20for%20ontology%20integration%20-%20Sofia%20Pinto,%20Pavao%20Martins.pdf.
[76] Noy F Natasha. What Do We Need for Ontology Integration on the Semantic Web, PositionStatement[OL]. [2011-4-5].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-82/SI_position_10.pdf.
[77] Calvanese Diego, Giacomo De Giuseppe, Lenzerini Maurizio. A Framework for OntologyIntegration[OL]. [2011-4-8].http://web.inf.unibz.it/~calvanese/papers/calv-degi-lenz-SWWS-book-2002.pdf.
[78] Hall Mark. Ontology Integration and Evolution [OL]. [2011-4-10].http://wwwu.edu.uni-klu.ac.at/mhall/data/courses/se_dke/se_dke_ontology_integration_mark_hall.pdf.
[79] Majki Zoran. Weakly-Coupled Ontology Integration of P2P Database Systems[OL].
[2011-4-13]. http://www.p2pkm.org/2004/Camera_Ready/1568938453.pdf.
[80] Alasoud Ahmed, Haarslev Volker, Shiri Nematollaah. A Hybrid Approach for OntologyIntegration[OL]. [2011-4-12].http://www.cs.concordia.ca/~haarslev/publications/ODBIS-05.pdf.
[81] Dietze Stefan, Domingue John. Exploiting Conceptual Spaces for Ontology Integration[OL].
[2011-4-15].http://events.sti2.at/dist2008/papers/ExploitingConceptualSpacesForOntologyIntegration-dist2008.pdf.
[82] Jiménez-Ruiz E, Grau Cuenca B, Horrocks I, et al. Ontology Integration Using Mappings:Towards Getting the Right Logical Consequences[C]. In: Proceedings of the 6th EuropeanSemantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web: Research and Applications. LNCS 5554.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 173-187.
[83] Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for SemanticMatching[OL]. [2011-4-15].http://se-pubs.dbs.uni-leipzig.de/files/Noy2001AnchorPROMPTUsingNonLocal.pdf.
[84] Euzenat Jér me, Loup David, Touzani Mohamed. Ontology Alignment with OLA [OL].
[2011-4-16]. http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.
[85] Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results ofthe Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[86] Straccia Umberto, Troncy Rapha l. oMAP: Results of the Ontology Alignment Contest[OL].
[2011-4-18]. http://gaia.isti.cnr.it/~straccia/download/papers/KCAP05/KCAP05.pdf.
[87] Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for the OntologyAlignment Contest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[88] Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2007: 1-38.
[89]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.一种基于概念格的本体合并方法[J].微电子学与计算机, 2008,25(9): 34-36.
[90]盛艳,李云,李拓,等.基于概念格模型的本体映射[J].南京师范大学学报(工程技术版), 2008, 8(4): 91-94.
[91] Lambrix Patrick, Tan He, Liu Qiang. SAMBO and SAMBOdtf Results for the OntologyAlignment Evaluation Initiative 2008[OL]. [2011-4-20].http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/OM-2008/oaei08_paper10.pdf.
[92] Moser Thomas, Schimper Kathrin, Mordinyi Richard, et al. SAMOA- A Semi-AutomatedOntology Alignment Method for Systems Integration in Safety-Critical Environments[OL].
[2011-4-22]. http://csde.ifs.tuwien.ac.at/csde/files/OnAV%202009.pdf.
[93] Spiliopoulos Vassilis, Vouros A George. Synthesizing Ontology Alignment Methods Usingthe Max-Sum Algorithm[OL]. [2011-4-22].https://xvpn.whut.edu.cn/stamp/,DanaInfo=ieeexplore.ieee.org+stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5710927.
[94] Xavier Kleber, Souza de Sampaio, Davis Joseph. Aligning Ontologies through FormalConcept Analysis[OL]. [2011-4-22].http://www.cnptia.embrapa.br/~kleber/public/KXSS_iiwas2004_final.pdf.
[95] Brikhoff Garrett. Lattice Theory (3rd)[M]. New York: American Mathematical SocietyColloquium Publications, 1967.
[96] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009:314-339.
[97] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-12-17].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[98] Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to ComputerScience[C]. In Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393.London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[99]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[100]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[101]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[102] Studer Rudi, Benjamins V Richard, Fensel Dieter. Knowledge Engineering: Principlesand Methods[J]. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 1998, 25(1-2):161-197.
[103] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[OL].[2010-10-8].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper12.pdf.
[104] Formica Anna. Ontology-based Concept Similarity in Formal Concept Analysis[J].Information Sciences, 2006, 176(18):2624-2641.
[105] Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis: Aunified framework for building and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th InternationalConference on Knowledge Engineering: Practice and Patterns. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2008:156-171.
[106] Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACMSIGMOD Record, 2006, 35(3):34-41.
[107] Kalfoglou Yannis, Schorlemmer Marco. Ontology Mapping: The State of TheArt[J].The Knowledge Engineering Review, 2003, 18(1):1-31.
[108] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-up Merging ofOntologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 17th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence,2001. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc., 2001:225-230.
[109] Zhao Yi, Halang Wolfgang. Rough Concept Lattice based Ontology SimilarityMeasure[OL]. [2010-10-10].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:TZz2AbL0rDoJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=2000.
[110] Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal ConceptAnalysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2010-10-11].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.105.3726&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[111] Tonella Paolo. Formal Concept Analysis in Software Engineering[C]. In: Proc. of the26th International Conference on Software Engineering. Washington DC.: IEEE ComputerSociety, 2004:743-744.
[112] Eisenbarth Thomas, Koschke Rainer, Simon Daniel. Locating Features in SourceCode[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2003, 29(3):210-224.
[113] Godin Robert, Valtchev Petko. Formal Concept Analysis-based Class Hierarchy Designin Object-oriented Software Development[OL]. [2010-10-11].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.85.287&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[114] Al-Ekram Raihan, Kontogiannis Kostas. Source Code Modularization Using Lattice ofConcept Slices[C]. In: Proc. of the 8th Euromicro Working Conference on SoftwareMaintenance and Reengineering. Washington DC.: IEEE Computer Society, 2004:195-203.
[115] Tonella Paolo. Using a Concept Lattice of Decomposition Slices for ProgramUnderstanding and Impact Analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 2003,29(6):495-509.
[116] Fabbrini Fabrizio, Fusani Mario, Gnesi Stefania, Lami Giuseppe. ControllingRequirements Evolution: a Formal Concept Analysis-Based Approach[OL]. [2010-10-29].http://www-vs.informatik.uni-ulm.de/de/intra/bib/2007/ICSEA07/data/068%20Controlling%20Requirements%20Evolution.pdf.
[117] Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery in DatabasesUsing Formal Concept Analysis Methods[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6133&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[118] Stumme Gerd. Conceptual Knowledge Discovery with Frequent Concept Lattices[OL].
[2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=923B8204DFD0AE1984660669348676A9?doi=10.1.1.14.1608&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[119] Hereth Joachim, Stumme Gerd, Wille Rudolf, Wille Uta. Conceptual KnowledgeDiscovery and Data Analysis[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.92.9519&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[120] Stumme Gerd, Taouil Rafik, Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Lakhal Lotfi. FastComputation of Concept Lattices Using Data Mining Techniques[OL]. [2010-10-12].http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009013026110/1/StummeFastComputation_2000.pdf.
[121] Bastide Yves, Pasquier Nicolas, Taouil Rafik, Stumme Gerd, Lakhal Lotfi. MiningMinimal Non-redundant Association Rules Using Frequent Closed Itemsets[OL].
[2010-10-14].http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009022326389/1/StummeMining_2000.pdf.
[122] Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc.of the 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. London:Springer-Verlag, 2002:534-546.
[123] Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, J schke Robert, Stumme Gerd. Mining AssociationRules in Folksonomies[EB/OL]. [2010-10-14].http://kobra.bibliothek.uni-kassel.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:hebis:34-2009040826905/1/StummeMiningAssociationRules2006.pdf.
[124] Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. Semantic Grounding ofTag Relatedness in Social Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th InternationalConference on the Semantic Web. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:615–631.
[125] Krause Beate, Schmitz Christoph, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd. The Anti-SocialTagger: Detecting Spam in Social Bookmarking Systems[C]. In: Proc. of the 4thInternational Workshop on Adversarial Information Retrieval on the Web. New York: ACM,2008:61-68.
[126] Markines Benjamin, Cattuto Ciro, Benz Dominik, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd.Evaluating Similarity Measures for Emergent Semantics of Social Tagging[C]. In: Proc. ofthe 18th International Conference on World Wide Web. New York: ACM, 2009:641-650.
[127] Godin Robert, Missaoui Rokia, April Alain. Experimental Comparison of Navigation ina Galois Lattice with Conventional Information Retrieval[J]. International Journal ofMan-Machine Studies, 1993, 38(5):747-767.
[128] Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Information Retrieval Through HybridNavigation of Lattice Representations[J]. International Journal of Human-Computers Studies,1996, 45(5):553-578.
[129] Kim Mihye, Compton Paul. Formal Concept Analysis for Domain-Specific DocumentRetrieval Systems[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.87.7126&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[130] Cigarrán M. Juan, Gonzalo Julio, Pe as Anselmo, Verdejo Felisa. Browsing SearchResults via Formal Concept Analysis Automatic Selection of Attributes[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.98.6196&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[131] Rome E. Jayson, Haralick M. Robert. Towards a Formal Concept Analysis Approach toExploring Communities on the World Wide Web[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://tr.cs.gc.cuny.edu/tr/files/TR-2004017.pdf.
[132] Messai Nizar, Devignes Marie-Dominique, Napoli Amedeo, Sma l-Tabbone Malika.Extending Attribute Dependencies for Lattice-Based Querying and Navigation[C]. In: Proc.of the 16th International Conference on Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Visualization andReasoning. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008:189-202.
[133] Carpineto Claudio, Romano Giovanni. Exploiting the Potential of Concept Lattices forInformation Retrieval with CREDO[OL]. [2010-10-15].http://www.jucs.org/jucs_10_8/exploiting_the_potential_of/Carpineto_C.pdf.
[134] Cheung S. K. Karen, Vogel Douglas. Complexity Reduction in Lattice-BasedInformation Retrieval[J]. Information Retrieval, 2005, 8(2):285-299.
[135] Yadav B. Surya. A Conceptual Model for User-Centered Quality Information Retrievalon the World Wide Web[J]. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems2010,35(1):91-121.
[136]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[137] Overview on ConExp[OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://conexp.sourceforge.net/users.
[138] Lattice Miner 1.4 Beta[OL]. [2010-9-28].http://mac.softpedia.com/get/Math-Scientific/Lattice-Miner.shtml.
[139] FCA applications[OL]. [2012-2-24]. http://www.fca.radvansky.net/news.php.
[140] Becker Peter, Correia H Joachim. The ToscanaJ Suite for Implementing ConceptualInformation Systems[C]. In Formal Concept Analysis2005. LNCS 3626. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2005: 324–348.
[141] Szathmary Laszlo, Napoli Amedeo. CORON: A Framework for Levelwise ItemsetMining Algorithms [OL]. [2010-9-28]. http://hal.inria.fr/docs/00/06/46/87/PS/A05-R-015.ps.
[142] Concept Explorer[OL]. [2010-8-18]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/conexp.
[143] Lattice Miner[OL]. [2010-8-20]. http://sourceforge.net/projects/lattice-miner.
[144] Wormuth Bastian, Becker Peter. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-8-2]. http://www. wormuth.info/ICFCA04/Introduction_to_FCA_ICFCA2004.pdf.
[145] Bělohlávek Radim. Introduction to Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-2].http://phoenix.inf.upol.cz/ esf/ucebni/formal.pdf.
[146] Wille Rudolf. Methods of Conceptual Knowledge Processing[C]. In: Proc. of the 4thInternational Conference, ICFCA 2006. LNCS 3874. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 1-29.
[147] Ganter B, Wille R. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL]. [2010-8-10].http://citeseerx.ist. psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[148] Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28].http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[149] Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc.of the 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS2453. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 534-546.
[150] Stumme Gerd. Efficient Data Mining Based on Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: Proc.of the 13th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications. LNCS2453. London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 534-546.
[151] Concept Explorer. The User Guide[OL]. [2010-9-28].http://www.comp.dit.ie/pbrowne/compfund2/UserGuide.pdf.
[152] Burmeister Peter. Formal Concept Analysis with ConImp: Introduction to the BasicFeatures[OL]. [2010-8-12].http://www.mathematik.tu-darmstadt.de/~burmeister/ConImpIntro.pdf.
[153] Galicia’s Features[OL]. [2010-8-12].http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~galicia/features.html.
[154]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[155]杨子竞.国外图书馆史简编[M].天津:南开大学出版社, 1990.
[156]林周.“植物之王”卡尔·林奈[J].科学大观园, 2009(4): 64-66.
[157]程鹏.“《中图法》和《杜威法》对照系统”的研制[J].图书馆学研究, 2001(2): 55-57.
[158] Dewey Decimal Classification Index[OL]. [2010-04-11].http://librarian.school.net.hk/ddc000s. htm.
[159]马张华,陈志新.阮冈纳赞对现代编目理论的贡献[J].图书馆论坛, 1998(2): 24-26.
[160]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[161]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[162] Statistics [OL]. [2012-04-25]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics.
[163] The Prince of Egypt (1998) [OL]. [2010-04-12].http://www.amazon.com/Prince-Egypt-Val-Kilmer/dp/B00000JGOQ/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=dvd&qid=1271304583&sr=8-1.
[164] Ikujiro Nonaka, Hirotaka Takeuchi. The Knowledge-Creating Company: How JapaneseCompanies Create the Dynamics of Innovation[M]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
[165] Chris Anderson. The Long Tail[OL]. [2010-01-22].http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/12.10/tail.html.
[166]滕广青,毕强.知识链接的内在机理及学源演变研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2010,33(2): 21-24.
[167] OECD. The Knowledge-Based Economy[OL]. [2009-7-22].http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/51/8/ 1913021.pdf.
[168]赵蓉英.论知识的网络结构[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(9): 6-10.
[169]刘诗白.论现代知识生产[J].福建论坛（人文社会科学版）, 2005(4): 4-10.
[170]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[171] Brookes B. The Fundamental Equation of Information Science[C]. In: Problem ofInformation Science, 1974, 3(25): 42-49.
[172] Belkin Nicholas J, Robertson Stephen E. Information Science and the Phenomenon ofInformation[J]. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1976, 7-8:197-204.
[173] Doignon J P, Falmagne J C. Spaces for the Assessment of Knowledge[J]. InternationalJournal of Man-Machine Studies, 1985, 23: 175-196.
[174] Zachman John A. A Framework for Information Systems Architecture[J]. IBM SystemJournal, 1987, 26(3): 276-292.
[175]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[176] Han Jiawei, Kamber Micheline. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques[M]. MorganKaufmann, 2001.
[177]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[178]卡尔波普尔.客观知识——一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[179]马克思恩格斯选集（第二卷）[M].北京:人民出版社, 1995.
[180] Taylor Arlene G.信息组织（2nd Edition）[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[181] Louis Rosenfeld, Peter Morville. Information Architecture for the World Wide Web:Designing Large-Scale Web Sites(2 edition) [M]. O'Reilly Media, 2002.
[182]马费成,张勤.国内外知识管理研究热点——基于词频的统计分析[J].情报学报,2006, 25(2): 163-171.
[183]滕广青,田依林,董立丽,等.知识组织体系的解构与重构[J].情报理论与实践,2011, 34(9): 15-18.
[184]赖茂生,屈鹏,谢静.知识组织最新研究与实践进展[J].图书情报工作, 2009, 53(2):19-23.
[185] Sheppard Zack. 5,000,000,000[OL]. [2010-12-13].http://blog.flickr.net/en/2010/09/19/5000000000.
[186] Flickr. Shanghai: View from The Top[OL]. [2010-12-4].http://www.flickr.com/photos/joe-joe/3136836681/in/photostream.
[187]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[188]温伯格D.新数字秩序的革命[M].北京:中信出版社, 2008.
[189]王知津.从情报组织到知识组织[J].情报学报, 1998, 17(3): 230-234.
[190]王军,张丽.网络知识组织系统的研究现状和发展趋势[J].中国图书馆学报, 2008,34(173): 65-69.
[191]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户市场细分——数字图书馆用户的概念聚类分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(2): 7-11.
[192] Borgman Christine L. What are Digital Libraries? Competing visions[J]. InformationProcessing and Management. 1999(35):227-243
[193]张晓林.数字图书馆机制的范式演变及其挑战[J].中国图书馆学报, 2001(6):3-5.
[194] Smith Wendell R. Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation as AlternativeMarketing Strategies[J]. The Journal of Marketing, 1956, 21(1): 3-8.
[195] Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to ComputerScience[C]. In Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393.London: Springer-Verlag, 2002:2-19.
[196] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach Based on Hierarchies ofConcepts[C]. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Formal ConceptAnalysis. LNAI5548. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[197] Strahringer S, Wille R. Conceptual Clustering Via Convex-ordinal Structures[C]. In: O.Opitz, B. Lausen, R. Klar (eds.): Information and Classification. Berlin-Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 1993: 85–98.
[198] Mineau G, Godin R. Automatic Structuring of Knowledge Bases by ConceptualClustering[J]. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 1995, 7(5): 824–829
[199] Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, Pasqier N, Lakhal L. Computing Iceberg ConceptLattices with Titanic[J]. Data and Knowledge Engineering, 2002, 42(2): 189-222.
[200] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Formal Concept Analysis[M]. Berlin-Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 1999.
[201]张正.数字图书馆用户研究[J].图书馆,2004(1): 46-48.
[202]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户用法细分——数字图书馆用户使用方法的关联规则挖掘[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 8-12.
[203]刘玉照,岳修志,刘建准.数字图书馆用户群及信息交流机制[J].中国图书馆学报,2007, 33(167): 62-65.
[204]张克状,刘友华,黄芳,李寅.一种面向用户兴趣的个性化语义查询扩展方法[J].现代图书情报技术, 2008, 24(8): 48-52.
[205]钱万里,吴玲芳.客户关系管理—数字图书馆信息用户市场竞争策略[J].图书情报工作, 2003(7): 95-97.
[206]程娟,肖雪.基于长尾理论的数字图书馆用户保障[J].图书情报工作, 2008, 52(8):39-42.
[207]张玉峰,吴覃.数字图书馆中用户访问模式挖掘方法研究[J].情报科学, 2009,27(9): 1371-1374.
[208] Keating John J, Hafner Arthur W. Supporting Individual Library Patrons withInformation Technologies: Emerging One-to-One Library Services on the College orUniversity Campus[J]. Journal of Academic Librarianship, 2002, 28(6): 426-429.
[209] Henderson Kay. Marketing Strategies for Digital Library Services: Digital Directions[J].Libraray Reivew, 2005, 54(6): 342-345.
[210] Agrawal Rakesh, Imielinski Tomasz, Swami Arun. Mining Association Rules betweenSets of Items in Large Databases[J]. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group onManagement of Data), 1993, 22(2): 207-216.
[211] Pasquier N. Mining Association Rules using Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2009-12-27].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.25.3360&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[212] Stumme G, Taouil R, Bastide Y, et al. Interlligent Structuring and Reducing ofAssociation Rules with Formal Concept Analysis[C]. In: KI 2001: Advances in ArtificialIntelligence. German/Austrian, 2001: 335-350.
[213]黄微,毕强,滕广青.基于概念格的数字图书馆用户检索行为序列模式挖掘研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(3): 13-18.
[214] Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th InternationalConference on Data Engineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[215] Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and PerformanceImprovements[C]. In: Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT),London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[216] Masseglia F, Cathala F, Poncelet P. The PSP Approach for Mining SequentialPatterns[C]. In: Proc. of the 2nd European Symposium on Principles of Data Mining andKnowledge Discovery, London: Springer-Verlag, 1998: 176-184.
[217] Zaki M J. SPADE: An Efficient Algorithm for Mining Frequent Sequences[J]. MachineLearning, 2001(42): 31-60.
[218] Han J, Pei J, et al. FreeSpan: Frequent Pattern-Projected Sequential Pattern Mining[C].In: Proc. of the 6th ACM SIGKDD Int. Conf. on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining,Boston, USA, 2000: 355-359.
[219] Pei J, Han J, et al. PrefixSpan: Mining Sequential Patterns Efficiently byPrefix-Projected Pattern Growth[C]. In: Proc. of the 17th Int. Conf. on DataEngineering(ICDE’0l). Heidelberg, Germany, 2001: 215-224.
[220]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20):60-62, 79.
[221]金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展,2007, 44(11): 1816-1824, 2007.
[222]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用,2008, 28(3): 726-728, 741.
[223]吴大岳,谢福鼎,孙岩,张永.时序波动关联规则概念格并行挖掘的一个新算法[J].计算机科学, 2008, 35(10): 158-161.
[224]何小卫,牛海峰,许黎明,马跃.基于趋势概念格的决策规则挖掘[J].计算机应用,2009, 29(4): 1106-1109, 1113.
[225]甘特尔R,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[226] Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th InternationalConference on Data Engineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[227] Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and PerformanceImprovements[C]. In: Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT),London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[228] Agrawal R, Srikant R. Mining Sequential Patterns[C]. In: Proc. of the l1th InternationalConference on Data Engineering, Taipei, 1995: 3-14.
[229] Srikant R, Agrawal R. Mining Sequential Patterns: Generalizations and PerformanceImprovements[C]. In: Proc. of the 5th Int.Conf.on Extending Database Technology(EDBT),London: Springer-Verlag, 1996: 3-17.
[230]聂成林,王浩,胡学钢.基于概念格的序列模式挖掘[J].计算机工程, 2003, 29(20):60-62, 79.
[231]金阳,左万利.多维概念格与多维序列模式的增量挖掘[J].计算机研究与发展,2007, 44(11): 1816-1824, 2007.
[232]李云,徐涛,田素方,李拓.带兴趣度的序列概念格模型及其构造[J].计算机应用,2008, 28(3): 726-728, 741.
[233] Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance ofInformation Technology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[234] Davis Fred D. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease Of Use, And User Acceptance ofInformation Technology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1989, 13(3): 319-340.
[235]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究—Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[236] Wal T V. Folksonomy[OL]. [2010-12-01]. http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[237] Knoll G. Folksonomy: Tagging[OL]. [2010-12-26].http://www.cs.colorado.edu/~kena/classes/7818/f06/lectures/folksonomy.pdf.
[238] Angus E, Thelwall M, Stuart D. General Patterns of Tag Usage among UniversityGroups in Flickr[J].Online Information Review, 2008, 32(1): 89-101.
[239] Weaver M. Contextual Metadata: Faceted Schemas in Virtual Library Communities[J].Library Hi Tech, 2007, 25(4): 579-594.
[240] Eckert K, H nger C, Niemann C. Tagging and Automation: Challenges andOpportunities for Academic Libraries[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2009, 27(4): 557-569.
[241] Bar-Ilan J, Shoham S, Idan A, et al. Structured Versus Unstructured Tagging: A CaseStudy[J]. Online Information Review, 2008, 32(5): 635-647.
[242] Peters I, Stock G W.“Power Tags”in Information Retrieval[J]. Library Hi Tech, 2010,28(1): 81-93.
[243] Shiri A. An Examination of Social Tagging Interface Features and Functionalities: AnAnalytical Comparison[J]. Online Information Review, 2009, 33(5): 901-919.
[244] Chopin K. Finding Communities: Alternative Viewpoints through Weblogs andTagging[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2008, 64(4): 552-575.
[245] Thomas M, Caudle D M, Schmitz C M. To Tag or Not to Tag?[J]. Library Hi Tech,2009, 27(3): 411-434.
[246] Yi K, Chan L M. Linking Folksonomy to Library of Congress Subject Headings: AnExploratory Study[J]. Journal of Documentation, 2009, 65(6): 872-900.
[247] Rafferty P, Hidderley R. Flickr and Democratic Indexing: Dialogic Approaches toIndexing[J]. Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 2007, 59(4/5): 397-410.
[248] Murfi H, Obermayer K. A Two-Level Learning Hierarchy of Concept Based KeywordExtraction for Tag Recommendations[OL]. [2010-12-27].https://www.kde.cs.uni-kassel.de/ws/dc09/papers/paper_17.pdf.
[249] Cosh K J, Burns R, Daniel T. Content clouds: classifying content in Web 2.0[J]. LibraryReview, 2008, 57(9): 722-729.
[250] Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework forCollaborative Multi-Perspective Ontology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010,34(1): 145-159.
[251]黄健年,侯汉清.关于Tag分类及相关理论问题的研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2008, 27(7):49-52.
[252]徐少同.网络信息自组织视角下的Folksonomy优化[J].图书情报工作, 2009,53(10): 102-105, 120.
[253]李志云,徐士进,武港山,等.协同标注研究及其在数字博物馆中的应用[J].计算机工程, 2008, 34(6): 221-223.
[254]丛鲁丽.基于大众分类法的中文博客分类方法[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9): 50-52, 40.
[255]钟远薪,张春晓.基于Ajax的嵌入式Tag系统初步研究[J].图书馆杂志, 2007,26(8): 40-43.
[256]李超.一种基于主体和分众分类的信息检索优化方法[J].情报理论与实践, 2009,32(10): 108-110, 107.
[257]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007: 15-17.
[258] Connotea: Cloud[OL]. [2010-12-25]. http://www.connotea.org/cloud.
[259] Wal T V. Folksonomy Coinage and Definition[OL]. [2012-1-11].http://www.vanderwal.net/folksonomy.html.
[260] Schmitz C, Hotho A, J schke R, et al. Mining Association Rules in Folksonomies[C]. //Batagelj V, Bock H, Ferligoj A, et al. Data Science and Classification. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2006, VI: 261-270.
[261] Cattuto C, Benz D, Hotho A, et al. Semantic Grounding of Tag Relatedness in SocialBookmarking Systems[C]. // Sheth A, Staab S, Dean M, et al. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 5318/2008. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2008: 615-631.
[262] Zhitomirsky-Geffet M, Bar-Ilan J, Miller Y, et al. A Generic Framework forCollaborative Multi-Perspective Ontology Acquisition[J]. Online Information Review, 2010,34(1): 145-159.
[263] Li P, Wang B, Jin W, et al. User-Related Tag Expansion for Web DocumentClustering[C]. // Clough P, Foley C, Gurrin C, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science,6611/2011. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2011: 19-31.
[264]王翠英(编译).标签的聚类分析研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2008, 24(5): 67-71.
[265] Kim H L, Scerri S, Breslin J G,等.最新标签本体:标签和民俗分类法语义模型[J].丁鹏宇,译.现代图书情报技术, 2009,25(3): 30-37.
[266]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[267]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[268]滕广青,毕强,陈晓美.基于概念格的Folksonomy知识组织研究——Tag Cloud的层级体系构建[J].情报学报, 2012, 31(2): 136-142.
[269]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[270]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].马垣,张学东,迟呈英,等,译.北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[271]滕广青.电子商务网站Folksonomy用户Tag的语义认知分析[J].情报科学, 2011,29(12): 1871-1875, 1881.
[272] Taylor Arlene G.信息组织(2nd Edition)[M].张素芳,李书宁,李金波,译.北京:机械工业出版社, 2006.
[273] Agrawal R, Imielinski T, Swami A. Mining Association Rules between Sets of Items inLarge Databases[C]. // Buneman P, Jajodia S, Kim W. ACM SIGMOD Record. New York:ACM, 1993, 22(2): 207-216.
[274]陈洁,司莉.社会分类法（Folksonomy）特点及其应用研究[J].图书与情报, 2008(3):27-30.
[275]滕广青,毕强.基于粒度概念分析法的文献关键词分析：以Ontology领域关键词为例[J].现代图书情报技术, 2011, 27(9): 1-6.
[276] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept [C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[277]肖明,李国俊,杨楠.基于词频分析的国内情报学研究热点(1998～2007)[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(8): 21-25.
[278]冯璐,冷伏海.共词分析方法理论进展[J].中国图书馆学报, 2006, 32(2): 88-92.
[279]刘志辉,张志强.作者关键词耦合分析方法及实证研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(2):268-275.
[280]金莹,邓三鸿.基于关键词被引聚类的人文社会科学学科分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2006, 9: 43-48.
[281]魏瑞斌.社会网络分析在关键词网络分析中的实证研究[J].情报杂志, 2009, 28(9):46-49.
[282] Tilley Thomas, Cole Richard, Becker Peter, Eklund Peter. A Survey of Formal ConceptAnalysis Support for Software Engineering Activities[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.6445&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[283] Ganter Bernhard, Wille Rudolf. Applied Lattice Theory: Formal Concept Analysis[OL].
[2010-11-7].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.42.9907&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[284] Priss U. The Formalization of WordNet by Methods of Relational Concept Analysis
[OL]. [2011-5-28].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.60.3625&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[285]甘特尔B,威尔R.形式概念分析[M].北京:科学出版社, 2007.
[286]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举：知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12): 24-28.
[287]斯通普夫S E,菲泽J.西方哲学史（第七版）[M].北京:中华书局, 2005.
[288]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[289]杨寿堪.冲突与选择：现代哲学转向问题研究[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社,1996.
[290]波普尔.卡尔.客观知识—一个进化论的研究[M].上海:上海译文出版社, 1987.
[291] Brookes B C. The foundations of information science: Part IV. Information science: thechanging paradigm[J]. Journal of Information Science, 1981, 3(1): 3-12.
[292] Belkin J N, Robertson E S. Information Science and the Phenomenon of Information[J].Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 1976, 27(4): 197-204.
[293]滕广青,毕强.知识组织体系的演进路径及相关研究的发展趋势探析[J].中国图书馆学报, 2010, 36(5): 49-53.
[294] Benjamin C Perakath, Menzel P Christopher, Mayer J Richard, et al. IDEF5 MethodReport[OL]. [2011-7-25].http://violin.comholic.com/Utility/Modeling/Manual/IDEF/idef5.rtf.
[295] Uschold Mike, Gruninger Michael. Ontologies: Principles, Methods and Applications[J].The Knowledge Engineering Review, 1996, 11(2): 93-136.
[296] Grduninger Michael, Fox S Mark. Methodology for the Design and Evaluation ofOntologies[OL]. [2011-8-15].http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:KJd2G9cKWmgJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=zh-CN&as_sdt=0.
[297] Fernández Mariano, Gómez-Pérez Asunción, Juristo Natalia. Methontology: FromOntological Art Towards Ontological Engineering[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://www.l2f.inesc-id.pt/~joana/prc/artigos/06c%20METHONTOLOGY%20from%20Ontological%20Art%20towards%20Ontological%20Engineering%20-%20Fernandez,%20Perez,%20Juristo%20-%20AAAI%20-%201997.pdf.
[298] Schreiber Guus, Wielinga Bob, Jansweijer Wouter. The KACTUS View on The 'O'Word[OL]. [2011-7-20].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1.5032&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[299] Kietz J rg-Uwe, Volz Raphael, Maedche Alexander. Extracting a Domain-SpecificOntology from a Corporate Intranet[OL]. [2011-8-5].http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/acl/W/W00/W00-0738.pdf.
[300] Noy F Natalya, McGuinness L Deborah. Ontology Development 101: A Guide toCreating Your First Ontology[OL]. [2011-7-15].http://protege.stanford.edu/publications/ontology_development/ontology101-noy-mcguinness.html.
[301]牟冬梅.本体在医学数字信息资源知识组织中的应用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2005.
[302]王洪伟,吴家春,蒋馥.基于描述逻辑的本体模型研究[J].系统工程, 2003(3):101-106.
[303]刘凤华,朱欣娟.信息系统领域的本体模型研究[J].西安工程科技学院学报,2003(1): 53-57.
[304]李景,苏晓鹭.构建领域本体的方法[J].计算机与农业, 2003(7): 7-10.
[305]巴拉巴西.连接网络新科学[M].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社, 2007.
[306] Wille Rudolf. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. In: Proc. of the 7th International Conference on Formal Concept Analysis.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2009: 314-339.
[307] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[OL]. [2011-8-10].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[308] Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL].
[2011-7-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[309] Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual KnowledgeProcessing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-7-21].http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[310] Noy F Natalya, Musen A Mark. The PROMPT Suite: Interactive Tools for OntologyMerging and Mapping[J]. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2003, 59(6):983-1024.
[311] Stumme Gerd, Maedche Alexander. FCA-MERGE: Bottom-Up Merging ofOntologies[C]. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Joint Conference on ArtificialIntelligence. San Francisco: Morhan Kaufmann, 2001: 225-230.
[312] Ganter Bernhard, Stumme Gerd. Creation and Merging of Ontology Top-Levels[C]. In:Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Conceptual Structure. LNAI 2746.Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2003: 131-145.
[313] Massmann Sabine, Engmann Daniel, Rahm Erhard. COMA++: Results for theOntology Alignment Contest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-7-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[314] Ehrig Marc, Sure York. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and MappingResults of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-7-18].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[315] Giunchiglia Fausto, Yatskevich Mikalai, Shvaiko Pavel. Semantic Matching:Algorithms and Implementation[C]. Journal on Data Semantics IX. LNCS4601. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[316] Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de MedeirosEvangelista. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and VisualizingResults[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006:211-236.
[317]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究.现代图书情报技术,2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[318] Kleber Xavier Sampaio de Souza, Joseph Davis, Silvio Roberto de MedeirosEvangelista. Aligning Ontologies, Evaluating Concept Similarities and VisualizingResults[C]. Journal on Data Semantics V. LNCS3870. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006:211-236.
[319]毕强,韩毅,牟冬梅.基于知识地图的多领域本体语义互联研究[J].情报科学,2009, 27(3): 321-325, 337.
[320]滕广青,毕强.基于概念格的异构资源领域本体构建研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2011, 27(5): 7-12.
[321] Maedche Alexander, Staab Steffen. Ontology Learning for the Semantic Web[J]. IEEEIntelligent Systems, 2001, 16(2): 72-79.
[322]孙利.基于主题词表和FCA的海事本体构建研究[D].大连:大连海事大学, 2010.
[323] Bendaoud Rokia, Napoli Amedeo, Toussaint Yannick. Formal Concept Analysis Aunified framework for building and refining ontologies[C]. In: Proc. of the 16th InternationalConference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2008: 156-171.
[324] Stumme Gerd. Formal Concept Analysis on Its Way from Mathematics to ComputerScience[C]. In Conceptual Structures: Integration and Interfaces, 10th ICCS, LNCS2393.London: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 2-19
[325] Obitko Marek, Snáel Václav, Smid Jan. Ontology Design with Formal ConceptAnalysis[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.86.2092&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
[326] Haav Hele-Mai. A Semi-automatic Method to Ontology Design by Using FCA[OL].
[2011-2-15].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-110/paper2.pdf.
[327] Cimiano Philipp, Hotho Andreas, Stumme Gerd, Tane Julien. Conceptual KnowledgeProcessing with Formal Concept Analysis and Ontologies[OL]. [2011-2-15].http://www.cimiano.de/Publications/2004/icfca04/icfca04.pdf.
[328]毕强,牟冬梅,韩毅.下一代数字图书馆知识组织[M].长春:吉林教育出版社,2009.
[329]毕强,滕广青.国外形式概念分析与概念格理论应用研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(11): 17-23.
[330]牟冬梅,范轶.数字图书馆领域本体的构建与推理—以医学领域本体为例[J].图书情报工作, 2007, 51(8): 26-30.
[331]梁健,王惠临.基于文本的本体学习方法研究[J].情报理论与实践, 2007, 30(1):112-115, 17.
[332]吕艳辉,马宗民,王玉喜.基于关系数据库的OWL本体构建方法的研究[J].计算机科学, 2009, 36(7): 153-156, 226.
[333] ICTCLAS简介[OL]. [2011-2-20]. http://ictclas.org/ictclas_introduction.html.
[334]滕广青,毕强.概念格构建工具Concept Explorer与Lattice Miner的比较研究[J].现代图书情报技术, 2010, 26(10): 17-22.
[335] Noy F Natalya, Fergerson W Ray, Musen A Mark. The Knowledge Model ofProtégé-2000: Combining Interoperabolity and Flexibility[OL]. [2011-2-20].https://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/160/BMIR-2000-0830.pdf.
[336] KAON2-Ontology Management for the Semantic Web[OL]. [2011-2-20].http://kaon2.semanticweb.org/#introduction.
[337]滕广青,毕强.国外本体协调研究的前沿进展及热点分析[J].中国图书馆学报,2012, 38(1): 33-37.
[338] Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, Feier Cristina, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging andAligning[OL]. [2011-3-13].http://disi.unitn.it/~p2p/RelatedWork/Matching/mediation-chapter.pdf.
[339] Choi Namyoun, Song Il-Yeol, Han Hyoil. A Survey on Ontology Mapping[J]. ACMSIGMOD Record, 2006, 35(3): 34-41.
[340] Shukla Apoorva, Bhutani Priyanka. Comparative Study of Ontology MergingAlgorithms[OL]. [2011-3-13].http://www.bvicam.ac.in/news/INDIACom%202010%20Proceedings/papers/Group1/311.pdf.
[341] Noy F Natalya. Semantic Integration: A Survey of Ontology-Based Approaches[J].ACM SIGMOD Record, 2004, 33(4): 65-70.
[342] Angele Jürgen, Bruijn de Jos, Ehrig Marc, et al. Ontology Mediation, Merging, andAligning[OL]. [2011-3-16].http://www.scharffe.fr/pub/semantic-web-technologies-Wiley-2005.pdf.
[343] Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology AlignmentContest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[344] Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results ofthe Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-4-18].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-156/paper11.pdf.
[345] Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[346] de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies,Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notesin Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[347] Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. //Rival I. Ordered Sets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[348]张云中. Ontology和FCA在知识建模中的融合机理研究[J].现代图书情报技术,2010, 26(3): 40-46.
[349] Mitra P, Wiederhold G, Kersten M. A Graph-Oriented Model for Articulation ofOntology Interdependencies[C]. //Zaniolo C, Lockemann C P, Scholl H M. et al. LectureNotes in Computer Science 1777/2000. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2000: 86-100.
[350] de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies,Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notesin Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[351]曹泽文,钱杰,张维明,邓苏.基于FCA的概念相似度计算方法[J].模糊系统与数学, 2008, 22(1): 155-162.
[352] de Souza X S K, Davis J, de Medeiros Evangelista R S. Aligning Ontologies,Evaluating Concept Similarities and Visualizing Results[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notesin Computer Science 3870/2006. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2006: 211-236.
[353] Nanda J, Simpson W T, Kumara R T S, et al. A Methodology for Product FamilyOntology Development using Formal Concept Analysis and Web Ontology Language[J].Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, 2006, 6(2): 103-113.
[354] de Souza X S K, Davis J. Aligning Ontologies and Evaluating Concept Similarities[C].//Meersman R, Tari Z. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3291/2004. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2004: 1012–1029.
[355] Kotis K, Vouros A G. The HCONE Approach to Ontology Merging[C]. //Bussler J C,Davies J, Fensel D, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2004: 137-151.
[356] Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology AlignmentContest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-4-19].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[357] Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. //Spaccapietra S. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4601/2007. Berlin:Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[358] Ehrig M, Sure Y. Ontology Mapping-An Integrated Approach[C]. //Bussler J C, DaviesJ, Fensel D, et al. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3053/2004. Berlin: Springer-Verlag,2004: 76-91.
[359] Noy N F, Musen M A. Anchor-PROMPT: Using Non-Local Context for SemanticMatching[OL]. [2011-12-18].http://bmir.stanford.edu/file_asset/index.php/100/SMI-2001-0889.pdf.
[360] Ehrig M, Sure Y. FOAM–Framework for Ontology Alignment and Mapping Results ofthe Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative[OL]. [2011-12-20].http://km.aifb.kit.edu/ws/intont2005/intontproceedings.pdf#page=74.
[361] Euzenat J, Loup D, Touzani M, et al. Ontology Alignment with OLA[OL]. [2011-12-22].http://ola.gforge.inria.fr/pdf/align-compet-EON.pdf.- 208 -
[362] Massmann S, Engmann D, Rahm E. COMA++: Results for the Ontology AlignmentContest OAEI 2006[OL]. [2011-12-25].http://ftp.informatik.rwth-aachen.de/Publications/CEUR-WS/Vol-225/paper9.pdf.
[363] Straccia U, Troncy R. oMAP: Combining Classifiers for Aligning Automatically OWLOntologies[C]. //Ngu A H H, Kitsuregawa M, Neuhold E J, et al. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 3806/2005. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2005: 133-147.
[364] Giunchiglia F, Yatskevich M, Shvaiko P. Semantic Matching: Algorithms andImplementation[C]. //Spaccapietra S, Atzeni P, Fages F, et al. Lecture Notes in ComputerScience 4601/2007. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2007: 1-38.
[365]赵中英,梁永全,纪淑娟.本体工程中的本体映射研究[J].情报杂志, 2007(8):23-24, 27.
[366]米杨,曹锦丹.基于PROMPT的本体映射实例分析[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(6):987-991.
[367]刘应龙,江杰.一种基于Swoogle本体映射的改进算法[J].计算机系统应用,2009(7): 88-91.
[368]仲茜,李涓子,李毅,等.基于已有映射结果的本体映射[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 48(7): 1178-1181.
[369]徐德智,陈爱明.本体复合映射的发现技术[J].计算机工程, 2009, 35(1): 76-78.
[370]蔡丽宏,马静.基于综合方法的一种本体映射实验研究[J].情报学报, 2010, 29(5):820-825.
[371] Wille R. Restructuring Lattice Theory: An Approach based on Hierarchies ofConcept[C]. //Rival I. Ordered Sets. Boston: D. Reidel Publishing Company, 1982: 445-470.
[372] Environment Term "Plant Environment Ontology" (EO:0007359) [OL]. [2011-12-26].http://www.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=EO:0007359.
[373] The Environment Ontology(EnvO)-Linking Environmental Data[OL]. [2011-12-28].http://www.environmentontology.org.
[374]滕广青,毕强.从应然之思到实然之举:知识的本体与本体化进程[J].情报理论与实践, 2011, 34(12): 24-28.
[375] Fellbaum C. WordNet[C]. //Poli R, Healy M, Kameas A. Theory and Applications ofOntology: Computer Applications. Springer Science, 2010: 231-243.