吉林省人口流动与经济社会发展研究
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摘要
随着地区之间经济交流日益紧密,人口流动成为我国社会经济发展中的重要现象。这股浪潮不仅波及经济发达的东部沿海省份,包括吉林省在内的传统地区人口流动也日益频繁。在此背景下,流动人口与流入地之间的互动关系成为学界关注的热点。这对关系至少涉及两方面内容:一方面是流入地对流动人口的接纳、保障与支持,另一方面是流动人口对流入地社会经济发展的促进或阻碍。由此出发,本文尝试综合两方面因素来对吉林省流动人口与当地经济社会发展之间的复杂互动关系进行探讨。
     研究首先厘清吉林省流动人口在人口属性结构、流迁原因、生存质量等方面的基本状况,勾勒出省内流动人口的总体特征;然后从三个方面把握了流动人口与本地区社会经济发展的关系:第一,通过对流动人口社会融入感知及其影响因素分析,把握在心理层面上,流入地各要素(主要是制度因素)对流动人口自身融入与发展的影响。第二,通过对流动人口在流入地的就业特征及其影响因素分析,把握在经济层面上,流入地各要素对流动人口融入与发展的影响。第三,对省内流动人口之于吉林省经济发展的促进程度和作用机制进行探讨,从而挖掘流动人口对流入地发展的反作用。研究运用的方法包括文献分析法、问卷调查法、多元线性回归模型、多项Logit回归模型等,主要数据来源自《2012年流动人口动态监测调查吉林省数据库》、全国第五、第六次人口普查、《吉林省统计年鉴2011》、《中国统计年鉴2012》等,数据资料准确权威,分析具有可验证性。
     研究共包括七个章节,每章内容如下:
     第一章为绪论。主要介绍论文的选题背景、研究目的及意义、研究的思路与方法。
     第二章为理论基础与文献综述。主要对研究涉及的理论和相关研究进行总结、提炼、概括和评述。这些理论包括人口迁移理论、社会融入理论和经济增长理论等。文献研究为论文主体部分的实证分析提供铺垫和基础。
     第三章为吉林省流动人口的现状分析。研究采用六普数据和2012年流动人口动态监测调查等国内权威数据,对吉林省流动人口的基本状况进行了全面描述分析。研究发现,吉林省流动人口面临着劳动强度很高、生活娱乐活动单一;消费水平较低、恩格尔系数较高;社会保障严重缺失、潜在风险严峻;一系列婚姻家庭问题凸显等等。
     第四章为吉林省流动人口的社会融入感知及影响因素分析。研究采用多元回归模型,比较了个体行动因素和流入地的制度因素对流入人口心理层面融入感知的影响作用。分析显示,个体的社区参与水平和人际交往状况影响流动人口的社会融入,与此同时,户籍制度、子女入学制度、社会保障制度和工作时间制度也对其社会融入感知有重要影响,这进一步验证了流入地对流入者的强烈影响。
     第五章为吉林省流动人口的就业特征及影响因素分析。研究运用多项逻辑回归模型探讨了省内流动人口的基本就业特征及其影响因素,研究表明,一方面,流动人口教育水平等个体因素影响其经济融入和职业成就,另一方面,性别歧视、户籍歧视是影响流动人口实现职业发展和经济融入的重要因素,这显示了当地社会制度文化对流动人口职业发展的影响。
     第六章为吉林省流动人口对经济增长影响的实证分析。研究采用经济增长模型考察了流动人口对当地经济发展的作用,研究结论是:在影响路径上,流动人口通过改变当地生产要素配置,其教育水平的提升对当地经济发展有重要意义;在影响效果上,外省流动人口对省内经济发展呈现为正效应,但不同地区呈现效果差异显著。
     第七章为讨论和对策建议,对研究的主要观点进行了进一步讨论和总结,并从五个方面提出了促进流动人口与当地经济社会发展实现良性互动的对策建议。
With the increasingly close economic exchanges between the regions, thepopulation flow has become an important phenomenon in China's social andeconomic development. While this wave has spread to the more economicallydeveloped eastern coastal provinces, the population movements in the traditionalinner-land regions, including Jilin province, have also become increasingly frequent.Under this background, the interaction between the floating population andresettlement areas become a focus of attention in the academia. It involves at leasttwo aspects: On one hand, the acceptance, protection and support that is provided bythe resettlement areas to the floating population; on the other hand, the stimulationand obstacles that are brought by the floating population to the resettlement areas. Asa result, this paper will attempt to explore the complex relationships between thefloating population in Jilin province and the local social and economic developmentfrom those two aspects.
     First of all, it will clarify the attribute structure of the population, the reason ofmigration, their life quality, and other basic aspects, and then, outlines the generalcharacteristics of the floating population in the province firstly. Next, it will discussthe relationship between floating population and the social and economicdevelopment in Jilin province which involves three aspects. First, it will examine, onthe psychological level, the impact that the elements of the resettlement areas (mainlythe institutional factors) has on the floating population’s adaption and developmentthrough analyzing the perception of social integration and its influencing factors..Second, it will outline the impact on the economic level through studying theemployment features and its influencing factors. Third, it will discuss the extent andaction mechanisms of the floating population's stimulation to the province's economy,in order to explore the reactions of the resettlement area to the floating population's inflow. The main sources of data in this study include “Floating Population DynamicMonitoring Investigation Jilin Province Database2012",“the Fifth PopulationCensus”,“the Sixth Population Census”,“Jilin Statistical Yearbook2011”,“ChinaStatistical Yearbook2012",Etc.
     The study includes a total of seven chapters, the content is as follows:
     The first chapter is the introduction. It introduces the background, researchpurpose and significance of research ideas and methods.
     The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the literature review. Summary ofresearch involves theoretical and research, refining, summarized and commented.These theories include the population migration theory, the social integration theoryand the theory of economic growth. Literatures provide fundamentals for theempirical analysis in the main body.
     The third chapter is the analysis of the status of the floating population in JilinProvince. It is based on the data of “Floating Population Dynamic MonitoringInvestigation Jilin Province Database2012” and“the Sixth Population Census” toanalysis the basic conditions of the floating population in Jilin Province. It is foundthat the floating population in Jilin Province is facing high labor intensity, limitedentertainment activities; low consumption level, high Engel coefficient; serious lackof social security, high potential criminal risks; And a series of marriage and familyissues.
     The fourth chapter is the analysis of influencing factors of social integration intothe floating population in Jilin Province. It is conducted with a multiple regressionmodel to compare the individual actions factors and move into the role of institutionalfactors impact on the inflow of population psychological integration into perception.Analysis shows that the individual's level of community involvement andinterpersonal situation affect the social integration of the floating population. At thesame time, the household registration system, the system of their children to school,the social security system and the working time system also significantly influencetheir perception of social integration, which has further validated the strong impact ofthe resselement areas on the inflow population.
     The fifth chapter is the analysis of employment characteristics and influencingfactors of the floating population in Jilin Province. It adapts the multiple logisticregression model to explore the basic employment characteristics of the floatingpopulation in the province and its influencing factors. Studies show that, while theindividual factors of the floating population, such as the level of education, affect itseconomic integration and professional achievement, gender discrimination andhousehold registration discrimination, on the other hand are also very influentialfactors to the issue, which explains that the local social system and its culture havegreat impact on the career development of the floating population.
     The sixth chapter is the floating population in Jilin Province empirical analysisof the impact on economic growth. An economic growth model is used to examinethe role of the floating population of the local economic development. The studyconcluded that, first, subject to the path of the impact, by changing the localallocation of production factors, the floating population’s rise in education levelscould enhance the local economic development; second, subject to the results of theimpact, although the floating population in the province has positive effects to thelocal economic development, the effects vary significantly among different regions.
     The seventh chapter is the conclusions and suggestions. which further discussesand summaries the main points of the paper, and then makes policy recommendationsto promote the positive interaction of floating populating and local social andeconomic development from five aspects.
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