中国环境规制效率评价研究
|
摘要
1972年可持续发展概念在联合国人类环境研讨会上的首次提出,标志着环境问题正式进入世界民众的视野,而近四十年世界经济高速发展过程中由于环境污染而引发的一幕幕悲剧,又使人们不得不承认环境问题已成为阻碍世界经济长期繁荣的罪魁祸首,因此环境问题的解决必将成为世界各国所面临的共同课题。
理论研究与实践经验都已证实,仅仅依靠市场这只看不见的手,环境问题将难以解决；因此,为实现社会整体福利的最大化,政府这只看得见的手理应发挥其应有的功能,即政府需实施环境规制,以达到环境保护与经济发展双赢的目标。然而,由于环境规制过程中政府失灵现象的时有发生,又使人们逐渐意识到政府在解决环境问题时并非总是万能的。因此,为实现环境规制的既定目标,对中国政府环境规制的效率进行评价已势在必行。
本文在阐述环境规制、效率、环境规制效率、环境规制效率评价等相关理论概念内涵的基础上,对中国环境规制效率评价的指标体系进行了设计：首先,介绍中国环境规制效率评价指标体系设计的短期与长期目标；其次,阐述中国环境规制效率评价指标体系设计的思路；再次,指明中国环境规制效率评价指标体系设计的原则；最后,对中国环境规制效率评价指标体系进行设计,包括对环境规制成本的人力投入指标、物力投入指标、财力投入指标的设计和对环境规制收益的污染控制指标、环境质量指标的设计。接下来,本章通过将DEA模型方法与其它环境规制效率评价方法相比较,得出DEA模型方法所具有的优势；再通过将SE-DEA模型方法与DEA模型方法相比较,得出SE-DEA模型方法所具有的优势；最终,确定选取SE-DEA模型对中国环境规制效率进行评价。
对中国环境规制效率评价的实证分析包括基于国家层面的中国环境规制效率的评价和基于区域层面的中国环境规制效率的评价两部分。基于国家层面的中国环境规制效率的评价结果为：2000-2009年间,虽然伴随着中国政府在环境规制方面的人力、物力与财力等投入的逐年提高,环境规制的收益即污染控制能力与环境质量也在逐年的提高,但是环境规制的效率并没有得到根本性的提高；而基于区域层面的中国环境规制效率的评价结果为：2003-2009年间不同地方政府环境规制的效率并不相同,一些省份的环境规制效率表现为高效稳定或逐年上升的趋势如天津、上海、海南、甘肃、宁夏、福建、广东和四川,其中天津、上海、福建与广东四省市实现了政府环境规制与市场经济发展的双赢,而其它省份的环境规制效率表现为低效稳定、逐年下降或无规律波动的趋势。
接下来,基于规制者、被规制者与公众三个能动参与方的视角分析中国环境规制效率低下的原因和介绍主要发达国家提高环境规制效率的主要做法,并从中得到有益的启发,最终提出提高中国环境规制效率的政策建议：(1)针对规制者的对策。如健全政府环境规制的法律体系,建立绝对独立的环境规制机构,建立行政区内的环境规制协调机构,创建跨行政区的环境规制机制,政府环境规制工具的再设计,完善环境规制标准体系,实现政府环境规制效率评价的无障碍化,完善公共资金的投入机制,健全环境规制的事中监督体系与事后惩罚体系等。(2)针对被规制者的对策。如培养排污企业环境治理的意愿与能力,提高排污企业对环境规制政策的认同度等。(3)针对公众参与方的对策。如建立有效的公众参与机制,增强公众的环境监督意愿等。
总之,在规制效率的成本收益分析理论下,本文采用规范分析与实证分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、宏观分析与中观分析相结合的分析方法,对中国环境规制的效率问题进行了深入的分析,其研究范式适用于社会性规制的各个领域。
The concept of sustainable development was first proposed in human environment workshop of UN in 1972. It shows that environmental problem was strongly emphasized by the world. In the recent 40 years of world rapid development, environment pollution triggers too much tragedies so that the public has to reach the consistent conclusion the environment problem has been the culprit of economic long prosper development. So the solution of environment problem has been becoming the common subject of the world.
It is proved by the theory researches and practical experiences that the environment problem can not be solved only by the invisible hand of market. So for achieving the maximum social welfare, the visible hand of government should play its functions, that environment regulation, to realize the double-win target, not only protecting the environment but also developing economy. However, because of frequent government failure in environment regulation, the people gradually find that the government is not always omnipotent in solution. So for the existing target of environment regulation, we must evaluate the efficiency of environment regulation of China.
The paper elaborates the definitions of environment regulation, efficiency, efficiency of environment regulation, efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, and then designs the index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation of china:first, the short and long target of index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation is introduced; second, we state the train of thought of index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation and third manifest the principles of index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation; in the end, we design the index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, including the index of environment regulation cost, that is, human input index, material input index and capital input index, and the index of environment regulation benefits, that is, pollution control index and environment quality. Following, the paper compares DEA model method with other methods of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, and gets the advantages of DEA model. And then discovers the virtues of SE-DEA model in comparison with DEA model. At the end, SE-DEA model is chosen for measuring the efficiency of environment regulation.
The positive of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation of China is divided into two parts:one is based on the national level and the other is grounded on the regional level. The evaluation result of efficiency of environment regulation based on the national level is that in 2000-2009, efficiency of environment regulation is not improved fundamentally, though the input of human, material and capital rising yearly and the benefits from the ability of pollution control and environment quality enhancing annually. Whereas, the evaluation result of efficiency of environment regulation based on the regional level is that in 2003-2009, the efficiency of environment regulation of local government is different; some of provinces show the efficient and steady or annual rising trend, including Hainan, Gansu, Ningxia, and Sichuan, among which Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong achieve the double-win target with government environment regulation and market economic development. And efficiency of environment regulation of other provinces represents low efficiency and annual declining or non-regular trend.
Following, we analyze the reasons of inefficiency of environment regulation based on the regulator, the regulated and public and introduce the main practice of improvement of efficiency of environment regulation in prime developed countries, which make us attain the enlightenments and then we propose the policy suggestions:1) for the regulator:they should strengthen the law system of environment regulation, build absolute independent environment regulatory institutions, set cross-administrative-district environment regulatory coordinating organizations, create cross-administrative-district environment regulatory system, re-design the tools of environment regulation, improve the standard system of environment regulation, realize avyanadhana of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, enhance the input system of public funds and reinforce the supervisory system in process and punishment system in disposal; 2) for the regulated:they should strengthen the environment management will and capability and increase the approval degree of environment regulatory policies; 3) for public, they should be organized by efficient participation system and enhance the public will of supervisory environment regulation.
Conclusion, with the theory of cost-benefit analysis of regulatory efficiency, the paper deeply researches the efficiency of environment regulation of China, using not only normative analysis and positive analysis, but also qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, as well as macro analysis and industrial analysis. The paradigm of research can be applied in all kinds of fields.
理论研究与实践经验都已证实,仅仅依靠市场这只看不见的手,环境问题将难以解决；因此,为实现社会整体福利的最大化,政府这只看得见的手理应发挥其应有的功能,即政府需实施环境规制,以达到环境保护与经济发展双赢的目标。然而,由于环境规制过程中政府失灵现象的时有发生,又使人们逐渐意识到政府在解决环境问题时并非总是万能的。因此,为实现环境规制的既定目标,对中国政府环境规制的效率进行评价已势在必行。
本文在阐述环境规制、效率、环境规制效率、环境规制效率评价等相关理论概念内涵的基础上,对中国环境规制效率评价的指标体系进行了设计：首先,介绍中国环境规制效率评价指标体系设计的短期与长期目标；其次,阐述中国环境规制效率评价指标体系设计的思路；再次,指明中国环境规制效率评价指标体系设计的原则；最后,对中国环境规制效率评价指标体系进行设计,包括对环境规制成本的人力投入指标、物力投入指标、财力投入指标的设计和对环境规制收益的污染控制指标、环境质量指标的设计。接下来,本章通过将DEA模型方法与其它环境规制效率评价方法相比较,得出DEA模型方法所具有的优势；再通过将SE-DEA模型方法与DEA模型方法相比较,得出SE-DEA模型方法所具有的优势；最终,确定选取SE-DEA模型对中国环境规制效率进行评价。
对中国环境规制效率评价的实证分析包括基于国家层面的中国环境规制效率的评价和基于区域层面的中国环境规制效率的评价两部分。基于国家层面的中国环境规制效率的评价结果为：2000-2009年间,虽然伴随着中国政府在环境规制方面的人力、物力与财力等投入的逐年提高,环境规制的收益即污染控制能力与环境质量也在逐年的提高,但是环境规制的效率并没有得到根本性的提高；而基于区域层面的中国环境规制效率的评价结果为：2003-2009年间不同地方政府环境规制的效率并不相同,一些省份的环境规制效率表现为高效稳定或逐年上升的趋势如天津、上海、海南、甘肃、宁夏、福建、广东和四川,其中天津、上海、福建与广东四省市实现了政府环境规制与市场经济发展的双赢,而其它省份的环境规制效率表现为低效稳定、逐年下降或无规律波动的趋势。
接下来,基于规制者、被规制者与公众三个能动参与方的视角分析中国环境规制效率低下的原因和介绍主要发达国家提高环境规制效率的主要做法,并从中得到有益的启发,最终提出提高中国环境规制效率的政策建议：(1)针对规制者的对策。如健全政府环境规制的法律体系,建立绝对独立的环境规制机构,建立行政区内的环境规制协调机构,创建跨行政区的环境规制机制,政府环境规制工具的再设计,完善环境规制标准体系,实现政府环境规制效率评价的无障碍化,完善公共资金的投入机制,健全环境规制的事中监督体系与事后惩罚体系等。(2)针对被规制者的对策。如培养排污企业环境治理的意愿与能力,提高排污企业对环境规制政策的认同度等。(3)针对公众参与方的对策。如建立有效的公众参与机制,增强公众的环境监督意愿等。
总之,在规制效率的成本收益分析理论下,本文采用规范分析与实证分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合、宏观分析与中观分析相结合的分析方法,对中国环境规制的效率问题进行了深入的分析,其研究范式适用于社会性规制的各个领域。
The concept of sustainable development was first proposed in human environment workshop of UN in 1972. It shows that environmental problem was strongly emphasized by the world. In the recent 40 years of world rapid development, environment pollution triggers too much tragedies so that the public has to reach the consistent conclusion the environment problem has been the culprit of economic long prosper development. So the solution of environment problem has been becoming the common subject of the world.
It is proved by the theory researches and practical experiences that the environment problem can not be solved only by the invisible hand of market. So for achieving the maximum social welfare, the visible hand of government should play its functions, that environment regulation, to realize the double-win target, not only protecting the environment but also developing economy. However, because of frequent government failure in environment regulation, the people gradually find that the government is not always omnipotent in solution. So for the existing target of environment regulation, we must evaluate the efficiency of environment regulation of China.
The paper elaborates the definitions of environment regulation, efficiency, efficiency of environment regulation, efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, and then designs the index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation of china:first, the short and long target of index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation is introduced; second, we state the train of thought of index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation and third manifest the principles of index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation; in the end, we design the index system of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, including the index of environment regulation cost, that is, human input index, material input index and capital input index, and the index of environment regulation benefits, that is, pollution control index and environment quality. Following, the paper compares DEA model method with other methods of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, and gets the advantages of DEA model. And then discovers the virtues of SE-DEA model in comparison with DEA model. At the end, SE-DEA model is chosen for measuring the efficiency of environment regulation.
The positive of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation of China is divided into two parts:one is based on the national level and the other is grounded on the regional level. The evaluation result of efficiency of environment regulation based on the national level is that in 2000-2009, efficiency of environment regulation is not improved fundamentally, though the input of human, material and capital rising yearly and the benefits from the ability of pollution control and environment quality enhancing annually. Whereas, the evaluation result of efficiency of environment regulation based on the regional level is that in 2003-2009, the efficiency of environment regulation of local government is different; some of provinces show the efficient and steady or annual rising trend, including Hainan, Gansu, Ningxia, and Sichuan, among which Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian and Guangdong achieve the double-win target with government environment regulation and market economic development. And efficiency of environment regulation of other provinces represents low efficiency and annual declining or non-regular trend.
Following, we analyze the reasons of inefficiency of environment regulation based on the regulator, the regulated and public and introduce the main practice of improvement of efficiency of environment regulation in prime developed countries, which make us attain the enlightenments and then we propose the policy suggestions:1) for the regulator:they should strengthen the law system of environment regulation, build absolute independent environment regulatory institutions, set cross-administrative-district environment regulatory coordinating organizations, create cross-administrative-district environment regulatory system, re-design the tools of environment regulation, improve the standard system of environment regulation, realize avyanadhana of efficiency evaluation of environment regulation, enhance the input system of public funds and reinforce the supervisory system in process and punishment system in disposal; 2) for the regulated:they should strengthen the environment management will and capability and increase the approval degree of environment regulatory policies; 3) for public, they should be organized by efficient participation system and enhance the public will of supervisory environment regulation.
Conclusion, with the theory of cost-benefit analysis of regulatory efficiency, the paper deeply researches the efficiency of environment regulation of China, using not only normative analysis and positive analysis, but also qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, as well as macro analysis and industrial analysis. The paradigm of research can be applied in all kinds of fields.
引文
①王晓宁等.基于绩效评估的地方环境保护机构能力分析[Jl.中国环境科学,2006,26(3)：380-384
①卞亦文.基于DEA的环境绩效评价研究现状及拓展方向[J].商业时代,2009(6)：64-65
①李郁芳.政府规制过程中的行为主体及其相互关系的理论分析[J].福建论坛,2002(11)：24-27
①马士国.环境规制工具的设计与实施效应[M].上海：上海三联书店,2009：70
①汪斌.环境管理的效率分析[J].城市环境,2002,16(5)：39-42
①盛昭瀚.DEA理论、方法与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
①刘研华.我国环境规制效率的变化趋势及对策研究[J].生态经济,2009(11)：172-175
①刘研华等.影响环境规制效率的企业因素分析[J].商业时代,2007(20)：69-70
①郎友兴.走向共赢的格局：中国环境治理与地方政府跨区域合作[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2007(2)
①马士国.环境规制工具的设计与实施效应[M].上海：上海三联书店,2009
[1]Abraham Charnes, Willianm W. Cooper and Shanling Li. Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate Efficiency in the Economic Performance of Chinese Cities [J].Socio-Econ-Plann-Sci,1989,23 (6):325-344
[2]Anderson, Robert. The U. S. Experience with Economics Incentives in Environmental Pollution Control Policy [R].Working paper,1997,23-32
[3]Arrow, Kenneth et al, "Is There A Role for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation?" Science, Vol.272,1996(12):221-222
[4]Barbera A J, McConnell V D. The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Productivity:Direct and Indirect Effects [J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1990,18(1):50-65
[5]Baron, D. and Myerson, R. Regulating a Monopolist with Unknown Costs [J].Econometric,1982,50(4):91-130
[6]Bartik, T. The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Business Location in the United States [J].Growth and Change,1988, (19):22-44
[7]Berman E, Bui L T. Environmental Regulation and Productivity:Evidence from Oil Refineries [J]. The Review of Economics and Statistic,2008,88(3):498-510
[8]Boyd G A, Tolley G, Pang J. Plant Level Productivity, Efficiency, and Environmental Performance of the Container Glass Industry [J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2002,23 (1):29-43
[9]Brunnermeier S B, Cohen M A. Determinants of Environmental Innovation in US Manufacturing Industries [J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2003,45(2):278-293
[10]Campen. Review of Benefit, Cost and Beyond:the Political Economy of Benefit Cost Analysis [J].Review of Radical Political Economics,1987(19)
[11]Carlos Wing-Hung Lo. The Regulatory Style of Environmental Governance in China [J].Public Administration, Dev.2000,20:305-318
[12]Charnes A, Cooper W W, Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2 (6):429-444
[13]Chung, Y.H., Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., Productivity and undesirable outputs:A directional distance function approach [J] Journal of Environmental Management 51, PP.229-240,1997
[14]Daris B W. Federalism and Environmental Politics:An Australian Overview [J].Environmentalist,1985,5(4):3-11
[15]Dasgupta, S., B.Laplante, N.Mamingi, and H.Wang,2001, "Inspections, Pollution Prices, and Environmental Performance:Evidence from China" [J].Ecological Economics,36,487-498
[16]Dinda, S. Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis:A Survey [J].Ecological Economics,2004, (49):431-455
[17]EPA. The benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act,1990 to 2010,1999
[18]Fullerton D, Metcalf Cz Environmental Controls, Scarcity Rents, and Pre-existing Distortions [J].Journal of Public Economics,2001,80:249-267
[19]Gary E. Roberts. Barriers to Municipal Government Performance Appraisal Systems: Evidence from a survey of Municipal Personnel Administrators [J].Public Personnel Management,1994,23 (2):65-82
[20]George J.Stigler, Claire Friedland. What can the Regulators Regulate:The Case of Electricity [J] Journal of Law and Economics,1962(5)
[21]Gerald and Carlos. Preferences for Dealing with Environmental Problems:an Empirical Study of Managers in Three Mainland Chinese Cities [J] Journal of Environmental Management,2002, (64):35-46
[22]GJ Stigler. What can the Regulators Regulate:The Case of Electricity [J] Journal of Law and Economics,1962,4 (October)
[23]Goulder L, Parry I, Williams R,et al. The Cost-effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in A Second-best Setting [J] Journal of Public Economics,1999,72(3):329-360
[24]Greenstone, M.,2002, "The Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Activity:Evidence from the 1970 and 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures" [J].Journal of Political Economy,110 (6),1175-1219
[25]Hahn, Robert W. The Impact of Economics on Environmental Policy [J] Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2000,39:375-399
[26]Hettige, H., M. Mani, and D. Wheeler,2000, "Industrial Pollution in Economic Development:Kuznets Revisited" [J].Journal of Development Economics,2, 445-476
[27]Hua Z S, Bian Y W, Liang L. Eco-efficiency Analysis of Paper Mills along the Huai River:An Extended DEA Approach [J].Omega,2007,35 (5):578-587
[28]Jaffe, A, S. Peterson, P. Portney and R. Stavins. Environmental Regulation and the Competitiveness of US Manufacturing:What Does the Evidence Tell us? [J] Journal of Economic Literature,1995, (33):132-163
[29]Jason Scott Johnston. A Game Theoretic Analysis of Alternative Institutions for Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis [J].University of Pennsylvania Law Review,2002, 5:1343-1428
[30]John T. Scholz. Cooperative Regulatory Enforcement and the Politics of Administrative Effectiveness [J].The American Political Science Review,1991, (1):115-136
[31]Jordan, W. A. Producer Protection, Prior Market Structure and the Effects of Government Regulation [J].Journal of Law & Economics,1972,15(1):151-176
[32]Jose L. Zofio, Angel M. Prieto. Environmental efficiency and regulatory standards: the case of CO2 emissions from OECD industries [J].Resource and Energy Economics,2001(23):63-83
[33]Julie Froud, Anthony Ogus. "Rational" Social Regulation and Compliance Cost Assessment [J].Public Administration.1996, (9):221-237
[34]Kahn A E. The Economics of Regulation:Principles and Institutions [M]. Cambridge: MIT press,1998
[35]Kapoor. Towards Participatory Environmental Management [J].Journal of Environmental Management,2001,63:269-279
[36]Kenneth J. Arrow et al. Is There a Role for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation [J].Science,1996, (4):221-222
[37]Kverdokk. Tradeable CO2 Emission Distribution As A problem [J].CSERGEGEC Working Paper,1992(15):92-135
[38]Laffont, J. and Tirole, J. Using Cost Observation to Regulate Firms [J].The Journal of Political Economy,1986,94(3):16-141
[39]Lee. Developing and Applying Regulatory Impact Assessment Methodologies in Low and Middle Income Countries [N].Paper For the Regulatory Impact Assessment Meeting,2002
[40]Luken and Fraas. The US Regulatory Analysis Framework:A View [J].Oxford Review of Economic Policy,1993(4):96-106
[41]Mark, A., Simon, C., John, V. Regulatory Reform:Economic Analysis and British Experience. The MIT Press,1994
[42]Markusen, Morey and Olewiler. Competition in Regional Environmental Policies When Plant Locations are Endogenous [J]Journal of Public Economics,1995, 56(1):55-77
[43]Martin Ricketts. Public Choice Issues in Social Regulation [J].Economic Affairs, 1994, (6):12-17
[44]Matthew Barmack, Edward Kahn, Susan Tierney. A Cost-benefit Assessment of Wholesale Electricity Restructuring and Competition In New England [J] Journal of Regulatory Economics,2007, (31):151-184
[45]Milkman S R, Prince R. Firm Incentives to Promote Technological Change in Pollution Control [J] Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1989, 17:247-265
[46]Motta and Thisse. Does Environmental Dumping Lead to Delocation? [J].European Economic Review,1994, (38):563-576
[47]OECD. Regulatory Impact Analysis in OECD Countries:challenges for Developing Countries [EB/OL]. http://www.oecd.org.
[48]Office of Management and Budget Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Report to the Congress on the Cost and Benefits of Federal Regulations [Z].Washington:United States Government Printing Office,2002
[49]Panayotou, T.,1997, "Demystifying the Environmental Kuznets Curve:Turning a Black Box into a Policy Tool", Environment and Development Economics,2,465-484
[50]Pashigan, B.P. The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Optimal Plant Size and Factor Share [J]Journal of Law and Environment,1984(57):1-17
[51]Pedro Simoes, Kristof De Witte, Rui Cunha Marques. Regulatory structures and operational environment in the Portuguese waste sector [J].Waste Management, 2010(30):1130-1137
[52]Quah, Euston, Boon, TayLiam. The Economics Cost of Particulate Air Pollution on Health in Singapore, Journal of Asian Economics,2003(14):73-90
[53]Reinhard,5., Lovell, C.A.K., Thijssen, G.J. Environmental efficiency with multiple environmentally detrimental variables:estimated with SFA and DEA. European Journal of Operational Research 121, PP.287-303,2000
[54]Robert W. Hahn. Sheila M. Olmstead and Robert N. Stavins. Environmental Regulation During The 1990s:A Retrospective Analysis [R].Working Paper,2002, 5-7
[55]Sancho F H, Tadeo A P, Martinez E. Efficiency and Environmental Regulation:An Application to Spanish Wooden Goods and Furnishings Industry [J]. Environmental and Resource Economics,2000,15(4):365-378
[56]Shafik. Economic Growth and Environmental Quality:Time Series and Cross-country Evidence [Z].World Bank Paper for World Development Report, 1992
[57]Stefan, S. and Terje, S. The Link Between'Green'and Economic Success: Environmental Management as Crucial Trigger between Environmental and Economic Performance [J] Journal of Environmental Management,2002, 650):339-346
[58]Stigler, G.J. The Theory of Economic Regulation [J].Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science,1971,2(1):3-21
[59]Tyteca D. Linear Programming Models for the Measurement of Environmental Performance of Firms-Concepts and Empirical Analysis [J] Journal of Productivity Analysis,1997,8(2):183-197
[60]U. S. EPA. The benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act,1970 to1990,1997
[61]Van Dyke B. Emissions Trading to Reduce Acid Deposition [J].Yale Law Journal, 1991,100:2707-2726
[62]Viscusi, K. P., John, M. V., Joseph, E. H., J r,1995, Economics of Regulation and Antitrust, The MIT Press
[63]Zhou P, Ang B W, Poh K L. Measuring Environmental Performance Under Different Environmental DEA Technologies [J].Energy Economics,2008,30 (1):1-14
[64]保罗·R.伯特尼,罗伯特·N.史蒂文斯.环境保护的公共政策[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2003：15-82
[65]卞亦文.基于DEA的环境绩效评价：研究现状及拓展方向[J].商业时代,2009(6)：64-65
[66]卞亦文.基于DEA理论的环境效率评价方法研究[D].安徽：中国科学技术大学,博士毕业论文,2006
[67]蔡立辉.政府绩效评估的理念与方法分析[J].中国人民大学学报,2002(5)：93-100
[68]曹颖.环境绩效评估指标体系研究——以云南省为例[J].生态经济,2006(5)：330-332
[69]陈富良.放松规制与强化规制[M].上海：上海三联书店,2001：1-6
[70]陈富良.规制机制设计在环境政策中的应用评述[J].江西财经大学学报,2005(1)：5-8
[71]陈虹.政府规制机构研究[J].理论与实践理论月刊,2007(3)：64-69
[72]陈荣.美国环境影响评价政策及其实施[N].中国环境报,2002-11-16
[73]陈献勇.投资报酬率规制的效率分析及启示[J].辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(3)：127-130
[74]初佳颖.网络型产业的激励性规制绩效分析综述[J].经济经纬,2005(6)：62-65
[75]邓晓红等.基于DEA模型的甘肃省经济运行和环境管理效率评价研究[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(3)：553-559
[76]丁伟等.中华人民共和国环境影响评价法与规划、设计、建设项目实施手册[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002：50-60
[77]董秀海等.中国环境治理效率的国际比较和历史分析——基于DEA模型的研究[J].科学学研究,2008(6)：1221-1230
[78]樊慧玲.政府社会性规制的成本与收益[J].山东财政学院学报,2008(5)：21-23
[79]樊慧玲.转型期政府社会性规制的绩效分析[J].中共四川省委党校学报,2008(4)：52-56
[80]方丹等.政府间管制效率的比较模型分析[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(6)：67-69
[81]葛察忠等.环境经济研究进展[C].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2009：9-15,21-29
[82]耿海清.中国环境影响评价管理的现状、问题与展望[J].环境科学与管理,2008(11)：1-3
[83]古阿什、汉恩,古月译.规制的成本与收益：对发展中国家的寓意[J].经济社会体制比较,2004(1)：67-77
[84]郭国锋等.基于DEA模型的环境治理效率评价——以河南为例[J].经济问题,2009,(1)：48-51
[85]郭京福等.数据包络分析方法综述[J].大连理工大学学报,1998(38)：236-241
[86]韩强等.我国工业领域环境保护投资效率实证研究[J].经济管理,2009,31(5)：154-160
[87]胡峰.政府规制的理论基础及效果评估[J].郑州经济管理干部学院学报,2005(1)：58-60
[88]黄珺仪等.社会性管制绩效的成本与收益分析[J].东北财经大学学报,2007(6)：75-78
[89]黄清.电力行业放松规制改革政策效果的实证研究[J].山西财经大学学报,2009(1)：49-56
[90]李静等.基于DEA-SBM模型的中国地区环境效率研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,2009(8)：1208-1211
[91]李美娟等.数据包络分析法(DEA)的研究与应用[J].中国工程科学,2003(6)：88-94
[92]李月军等.美国社会规制研究的三种路径[J].湖北经济学院学报,2006(6)：90-96
[93]廖红伟等.垄断行业政府规制效率及改进机制[J].当代经济研究,2009(9)：62-65
[94]林关证.管制的经济绩效分析[J].现代经济探讨,2008(8)：85-88
[95]林木西等.自然垄断产品价格规制的福利效应分析[J].当代经济研究,2006(9)：29-32
[96]林群惠.乘势而上的政府环保绩效评估[J].环境经济,2005,19(7)：34-37
[97]刘纪山.基于DEA模型的中部六省环境治理效率评价[J].生产力研究,2009,(17)：93-94
[98]刘静.我国环境规制效率测评研究[D].陕西：西安理工大学,硕士毕业论文,2010
[99]刘俊等.从管制成本角度论析政府管制的有效性[J].江西社会科学,2006(9)：149-152
[100]刘笑霞.政府绩效评价理论框架之构建——以一级政府为中心[D].福建：厦门 大学,博士毕业论文,2008
[101]刘新梅等.规制机构成员影响规制效率的路径研究[J].软科学,2007(1)：63-65
[102]刘研华.中国环境规制改革研究[D].辽宁：辽宁大学,博士毕业论文,2007
[103]刘研华等.我国环境规制效率的变化趋势及对策研究[J].生态经济,2009(11)：172-175
[104]陆梦龙.基于DEA方法的公共部门绩效评估研究[J].湖北广播电视大学学报,2008(1)：94-95
[105]卢鹏.中国垄断产业规制效果的评价研究[D].辽宁：东北财经大学,硕士毕业论文,2007
[106]鲁再平等.中国政府规制目标及效率分析[J].江汉论坛,2003(5)：12-15
[107]马雁军等.基于DEA的政府绩效评估探析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2005(5)：48-52
[108]马育军等.基于DEA模型的区域生态环境建设绩效评价——以江苏省苏州市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(6)：769-774
[109]梅黎明.西方国家的规制影响评价及其启示[J].江西社会科学,2009(3)：179-183
[110]梅黎明.中国建立规制影响评价制度的障碍及政策建议[J].求实,2009(4)：51-52
[111]孟华.政府绩效评估：美国的经验与中国的实践[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2006
[112]孟延春等.转轨时期的政府管制：理论、模式与绩效[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008：265-286
[113]彭国甫.对政府绩效评估几个基本问题的反思[J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004(3)：6-11
[114]彭国甫等.基于DEA模型的政府绩效相对有效性评估[J].管理评论,2004(8)：29-31
[115]齐晔等.中国环境监管体制研究[M].上海：上海三联书店,2008：211-235
[116]钱旭东.网络时代的政府效率问题研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,硕士毕业论文,2004
[117]沈芳.环境规制的工具选择：成本与收益的不确定性及诱发性技术革新的影响[J].当代财经,2004(6)：10-12
[118]盛昭瀚.DEA理论、方法与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
[119]石磊等.环境管制收益和成本的评估与分配[J].产业经济研究,2006(5)：33-40
[120]斯考特·J.卡兰,珍妮特·M.托马斯.环境经济学与环境管理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006：142-178
[121]孙彩红.管制“管制者”——政府管制有效性的新视角[J].学术探索,2004(2)：5-9
[122]孙浩康.欧盟及其他国家规制影响评估制度及经验介绍[J].经济与管理研究,2006(1)：85-87
[123]索勇超.政府绩效评价指标体系研究[J].沿海企业与科技,2005(12)：54-55
[124]托马斯·思德纳.环境与自然资源管理的政策工具[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2005：107-141
[125]王蕾等.政府监管政策绩效评估分析——以经济合作与发展组织国家为例[J].甘肃行政学院学报,2009(5)：80-86
[126]王丽珂.基于生态文明的政府环境管理绩效评价[J].北京工业大学学报：社会科学版,2008,8(6)：16-19
[127]王丽梅等.有效地员工培训：效率+效果——基于成本收益分析[J].科技管理研究,2010(15)：120-124
[128]王萍等.中国民航业规制效果的实证分析[J].财经问题研究,2008(3)：30-35
[129]王群伟等.环境规制下的投入产出效率及规制成本研究[J].管理科学,2009(6)：111-119
[130]王晓宁等.基于绩效评估的地方环境保护机构能力分析[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(3)：380-384
[131]王燕.环境问题的经济学分析——兼论推进环境规制改革的必要性[J].商业经济,2009(12)：24-26
[132]王云霞.改善中国规制质量的理论、经验和方法[M].北京：知识产权出版社,2008：69-139
[133]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988
[134]魏素艳等.构建我国环境会计体系的研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2006：265-266
[135]武群丽等.经济管制政策综合性绩效检验分析[J].经济与管理研究,2005(5)：78-80
[136]吴育华,卢静.城市环境保护工作效率评价[J].天津大学学报：社会科学版,2006,8(4)：245-249.
[137]吴玉萍等.北京市环境政策评价研究[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002(4)：4-6
[138]席涛.美国的成本-收益分析管制体制及对中国的启示[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(6)：60-63
[139]席涛.美国管制：从命令控制到成本收益分析[D].北京：中国社会科学院,博士毕业论文,2003
[140]席涛.美国市场化管制对中国的启示[J].经济研究参考,2005(23)：36
[141]席涛.美国政府管制成本与收益的实证分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002(11)：65-69
[142]席涛.谁来监管美国的市场经济——美国的市场化管制及对中国管制改革的启迪[J].国际经济评论,2005(1-2)：10-15
[143]席涛.谁来监管美国的市场经济——美国监管体制的演变：从命令-控制到成本-收益分析[J].国际经济评论,2004(11-12)：5-13
[144]夏永久等.西北河谷型城市环境政策评价研究——以兰州市为例[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2006(4)：1-5
[145]肖兴志等.规制影响评价的理论、方法与应用[J].经济管理,2007(6)：86-91
[146]肖兴志等.中国煤矿安全规制效果实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(5)：67-76
[147]谢艾国等.时序DEA的理论与方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999(11)：1-4
[148]谢地等.美、韩、俄等国改进政府规制质量运动及其借鉴[J].经济社会体制比较,2009(1)：91-98
[149]谢地等.软环境的塑造与政府规制质量[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2006(1)：121-127
[150]徐亮等.激励性管制与效率[J].北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2004(2)：16-19
[151]徐双敏.我国实行政府绩效管理的可行性研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2003(5)：41-45
[152]薛伟贤等.环境规制及其在中国的评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010(9)：70-77
[153]亚瑟·赛斯尔·庇古.福利经济学[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2009
[154]颜伟等.基于DEA模型的中国环保投入相对效率评价研究[J].生产力研究, 2007(4)：21-22
[155]杨春梅.基于DEA的环保投入效率研究[D].广东：暨南大学,硕士毕业论文,2007
[156]杨皓然.西方国家政府绩效评估的理念及其借鉴意义[J].学术论坛,2005(1)：44-47
[157]杨竞萌等.我国环境保护投资效率问题研究[J].当代财经,2009(9)：20-25
[158]仰炬等.我国粮食市场政府管制有效性：基于小麦的实证研究[J].经济研究,2008(8)：42-50
[159]杨文举等.基于DEA的生态效率测度——以中国各省的工业为例[J].科学·经济·社会,2009(3)：56-60
[160]杨秀玉.我国电信行业规制效果分析[J].中央财经大学学报,2009(7)：70-74
[161]于桂红.政府放松管制和提高管制效率的思考[J].齐鲁学刊,2004(4)：76-78
[162]于立等.美国政府规制成本及其经济影响分析[J].世界经济,2002(12)：33-39
[163]于鹏飞等.基于DEA模型的山东省环保投入效率分析[J].科技信息,2009(33)：728-729
[164]张东辉等.中国电信产业的规制效率分析[J].财经问题研究,2008(4)：5255
[165]张红凤.西方规制经济学的变迁[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2005：189-205
[166]张红凤等.环境保护与经济发展双赢的规制绩效实证分析[J].经济研究,2009(3)：14-26
[167]张红凤等.西方国家政府规制变迁与中国政府规制改革[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007：225-253
[168]张会恒.提高政府规制有效性的途径与实践——一个基于成本收益分析的视角[J].改革,2005(2)：111-115
[169]张会恒.我国公用事业政府规制的有效性研究[M].北京：中国科技大学出版社,2007
[170]张会恒.英国的规制影响评估及对我国的启示[J].经济理论与经济管理,2005(1)：74-75
[171]张小玲.国外政府绩效评估方法比较研究[J].软科学,2004(5)：1-4
[172]张旭霞.公共部门绩效评估[M].北京：中国商务出版社,2006
[173]张学超.中外环境影响评价制度之比较[N].中国环境报,2002-05-01
[174]张学刚等.环境库兹涅茨曲线再研究——基于政府管制的视角[J].中南财经政法 大学学报,2009(6)：40-44
[175]张亚伟.发达国家环境规制改革的经验与启示[J].中州学刊,2010(2)：82-84
[176]赵红.环境规制的成本收益分析——美国的经验与启示[J].山东经济,2006(2)：115-120
[177]赵红.美国环境规制的影响分析与借鉴[J].经济纵横,2006(1)：55-57
[178]赵会娟.我国电信管制绩效评价——评价指标体系及资费效应分析[J].当代财经,2007(1)：86-89
[179]赵玉民等.环境规制的界定、分类与演进研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2009(6)：85-90
[180]周凯.政府绩效评估导论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006
[181]周一虹等.环境污染治理成本与收益计量的理论研究[J].环境保护,2004(7)：52-55
[182]朱慧涛.论政府绩效评估的定位及指标体系构建[J].理论与改革,2006(3)：43-44
[183]朱敏等.基于DEA方法的政府绩效评估——对四川省八个城市所作的实证研究[J].成都理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006(2)：5-9
[184]朱锡平.论生态环境规制改革[J].重庆工商大学学报(西部论坛),2007(3)：1-8,68
[185]卓越.政府绩效评估指标设计的类型和方法[J].中国行政管理,2007(2)：325-334
①卞亦文.基于DEA的环境绩效评价研究现状及拓展方向[J].商业时代,2009(6)：64-65
①李郁芳.政府规制过程中的行为主体及其相互关系的理论分析[J].福建论坛,2002(11)：24-27
①马士国.环境规制工具的设计与实施效应[M].上海：上海三联书店,2009：70
①汪斌.环境管理的效率分析[J].城市环境,2002,16(5)：39-42
①盛昭瀚.DEA理论、方法与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
①刘研华.我国环境规制效率的变化趋势及对策研究[J].生态经济,2009(11)：172-175
①刘研华等.影响环境规制效率的企业因素分析[J].商业时代,2007(20)：69-70
①郎友兴.走向共赢的格局：中国环境治理与地方政府跨区域合作[J].中共宁波市委党校学报,2007(2)
①马士国.环境规制工具的设计与实施效应[M].上海：上海三联书店,2009
[1]Abraham Charnes, Willianm W. Cooper and Shanling Li. Using Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate Efficiency in the Economic Performance of Chinese Cities [J].Socio-Econ-Plann-Sci,1989,23 (6):325-344
[2]Anderson, Robert. The U. S. Experience with Economics Incentives in Environmental Pollution Control Policy [R].Working paper,1997,23-32
[3]Arrow, Kenneth et al, "Is There A Role for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation?" Science, Vol.272,1996(12):221-222
[4]Barbera A J, McConnell V D. The Impact of Environmental Regulations on Industry Productivity:Direct and Indirect Effects [J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1990,18(1):50-65
[5]Baron, D. and Myerson, R. Regulating a Monopolist with Unknown Costs [J].Econometric,1982,50(4):91-130
[6]Bartik, T. The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Business Location in the United States [J].Growth and Change,1988, (19):22-44
[7]Berman E, Bui L T. Environmental Regulation and Productivity:Evidence from Oil Refineries [J]. The Review of Economics and Statistic,2008,88(3):498-510
[8]Boyd G A, Tolley G, Pang J. Plant Level Productivity, Efficiency, and Environmental Performance of the Container Glass Industry [J].Environmental and Resource Economics,2002,23 (1):29-43
[9]Brunnermeier S B, Cohen M A. Determinants of Environmental Innovation in US Manufacturing Industries [J].Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2003,45(2):278-293
[10]Campen. Review of Benefit, Cost and Beyond:the Political Economy of Benefit Cost Analysis [J].Review of Radical Political Economics,1987(19)
[11]Carlos Wing-Hung Lo. The Regulatory Style of Environmental Governance in China [J].Public Administration, Dev.2000,20:305-318
[12]Charnes A, Cooper W W, Rhodes E. Measuring the efficiency of decision making units [J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2 (6):429-444
[13]Chung, Y.H., Fare, R., Grosskopf, S., Productivity and undesirable outputs:A directional distance function approach [J] Journal of Environmental Management 51, PP.229-240,1997
[14]Daris B W. Federalism and Environmental Politics:An Australian Overview [J].Environmentalist,1985,5(4):3-11
[15]Dasgupta, S., B.Laplante, N.Mamingi, and H.Wang,2001, "Inspections, Pollution Prices, and Environmental Performance:Evidence from China" [J].Ecological Economics,36,487-498
[16]Dinda, S. Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis:A Survey [J].Ecological Economics,2004, (49):431-455
[17]EPA. The benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act,1990 to 2010,1999
[18]Fullerton D, Metcalf Cz Environmental Controls, Scarcity Rents, and Pre-existing Distortions [J].Journal of Public Economics,2001,80:249-267
[19]Gary E. Roberts. Barriers to Municipal Government Performance Appraisal Systems: Evidence from a survey of Municipal Personnel Administrators [J].Public Personnel Management,1994,23 (2):65-82
[20]George J.Stigler, Claire Friedland. What can the Regulators Regulate:The Case of Electricity [J] Journal of Law and Economics,1962(5)
[21]Gerald and Carlos. Preferences for Dealing with Environmental Problems:an Empirical Study of Managers in Three Mainland Chinese Cities [J] Journal of Environmental Management,2002, (64):35-46
[22]GJ Stigler. What can the Regulators Regulate:The Case of Electricity [J] Journal of Law and Economics,1962,4 (October)
[23]Goulder L, Parry I, Williams R,et al. The Cost-effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in A Second-best Setting [J] Journal of Public Economics,1999,72(3):329-360
[24]Greenstone, M.,2002, "The Impacts of Environmental Regulation on Industrial Activity:Evidence from the 1970 and 1977 Clean Air Act Amendments and the Census of Manufactures" [J].Journal of Political Economy,110 (6),1175-1219
[25]Hahn, Robert W. The Impact of Economics on Environmental Policy [J] Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,2000,39:375-399
[26]Hettige, H., M. Mani, and D. Wheeler,2000, "Industrial Pollution in Economic Development:Kuznets Revisited" [J].Journal of Development Economics,2, 445-476
[27]Hua Z S, Bian Y W, Liang L. Eco-efficiency Analysis of Paper Mills along the Huai River:An Extended DEA Approach [J].Omega,2007,35 (5):578-587
[28]Jaffe, A, S. Peterson, P. Portney and R. Stavins. Environmental Regulation and the Competitiveness of US Manufacturing:What Does the Evidence Tell us? [J] Journal of Economic Literature,1995, (33):132-163
[29]Jason Scott Johnston. A Game Theoretic Analysis of Alternative Institutions for Regulatory Cost-Benefit Analysis [J].University of Pennsylvania Law Review,2002, 5:1343-1428
[30]John T. Scholz. Cooperative Regulatory Enforcement and the Politics of Administrative Effectiveness [J].The American Political Science Review,1991, (1):115-136
[31]Jordan, W. A. Producer Protection, Prior Market Structure and the Effects of Government Regulation [J].Journal of Law & Economics,1972,15(1):151-176
[32]Jose L. Zofio, Angel M. Prieto. Environmental efficiency and regulatory standards: the case of CO2 emissions from OECD industries [J].Resource and Energy Economics,2001(23):63-83
[33]Julie Froud, Anthony Ogus. "Rational" Social Regulation and Compliance Cost Assessment [J].Public Administration.1996, (9):221-237
[34]Kahn A E. The Economics of Regulation:Principles and Institutions [M]. Cambridge: MIT press,1998
[35]Kapoor. Towards Participatory Environmental Management [J].Journal of Environmental Management,2001,63:269-279
[36]Kenneth J. Arrow et al. Is There a Role for Benefit-Cost Analysis in Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation [J].Science,1996, (4):221-222
[37]Kverdokk. Tradeable CO2 Emission Distribution As A problem [J].CSERGEGEC Working Paper,1992(15):92-135
[38]Laffont, J. and Tirole, J. Using Cost Observation to Regulate Firms [J].The Journal of Political Economy,1986,94(3):16-141
[39]Lee. Developing and Applying Regulatory Impact Assessment Methodologies in Low and Middle Income Countries [N].Paper For the Regulatory Impact Assessment Meeting,2002
[40]Luken and Fraas. The US Regulatory Analysis Framework:A View [J].Oxford Review of Economic Policy,1993(4):96-106
[41]Mark, A., Simon, C., John, V. Regulatory Reform:Economic Analysis and British Experience. The MIT Press,1994
[42]Markusen, Morey and Olewiler. Competition in Regional Environmental Policies When Plant Locations are Endogenous [J]Journal of Public Economics,1995, 56(1):55-77
[43]Martin Ricketts. Public Choice Issues in Social Regulation [J].Economic Affairs, 1994, (6):12-17
[44]Matthew Barmack, Edward Kahn, Susan Tierney. A Cost-benefit Assessment of Wholesale Electricity Restructuring and Competition In New England [J] Journal of Regulatory Economics,2007, (31):151-184
[45]Milkman S R, Prince R. Firm Incentives to Promote Technological Change in Pollution Control [J] Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,1989, 17:247-265
[46]Motta and Thisse. Does Environmental Dumping Lead to Delocation? [J].European Economic Review,1994, (38):563-576
[47]OECD. Regulatory Impact Analysis in OECD Countries:challenges for Developing Countries [EB/OL]. http://www.oecd.org.
[48]Office of Management and Budget Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs. Report to the Congress on the Cost and Benefits of Federal Regulations [Z].Washington:United States Government Printing Office,2002
[49]Panayotou, T.,1997, "Demystifying the Environmental Kuznets Curve:Turning a Black Box into a Policy Tool", Environment and Development Economics,2,465-484
[50]Pashigan, B.P. The Effects of Environmental Regulation on Optimal Plant Size and Factor Share [J]Journal of Law and Environment,1984(57):1-17
[51]Pedro Simoes, Kristof De Witte, Rui Cunha Marques. Regulatory structures and operational environment in the Portuguese waste sector [J].Waste Management, 2010(30):1130-1137
[52]Quah, Euston, Boon, TayLiam. The Economics Cost of Particulate Air Pollution on Health in Singapore, Journal of Asian Economics,2003(14):73-90
[53]Reinhard,5., Lovell, C.A.K., Thijssen, G.J. Environmental efficiency with multiple environmentally detrimental variables:estimated with SFA and DEA. European Journal of Operational Research 121, PP.287-303,2000
[54]Robert W. Hahn. Sheila M. Olmstead and Robert N. Stavins. Environmental Regulation During The 1990s:A Retrospective Analysis [R].Working Paper,2002, 5-7
[55]Sancho F H, Tadeo A P, Martinez E. Efficiency and Environmental Regulation:An Application to Spanish Wooden Goods and Furnishings Industry [J]. Environmental and Resource Economics,2000,15(4):365-378
[56]Shafik. Economic Growth and Environmental Quality:Time Series and Cross-country Evidence [Z].World Bank Paper for World Development Report, 1992
[57]Stefan, S. and Terje, S. The Link Between'Green'and Economic Success: Environmental Management as Crucial Trigger between Environmental and Economic Performance [J] Journal of Environmental Management,2002, 650):339-346
[58]Stigler, G.J. The Theory of Economic Regulation [J].Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science,1971,2(1):3-21
[59]Tyteca D. Linear Programming Models for the Measurement of Environmental Performance of Firms-Concepts and Empirical Analysis [J] Journal of Productivity Analysis,1997,8(2):183-197
[60]U. S. EPA. The benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act,1970 to1990,1997
[61]Van Dyke B. Emissions Trading to Reduce Acid Deposition [J].Yale Law Journal, 1991,100:2707-2726
[62]Viscusi, K. P., John, M. V., Joseph, E. H., J r,1995, Economics of Regulation and Antitrust, The MIT Press
[63]Zhou P, Ang B W, Poh K L. Measuring Environmental Performance Under Different Environmental DEA Technologies [J].Energy Economics,2008,30 (1):1-14
[64]保罗·R.伯特尼,罗伯特·N.史蒂文斯.环境保护的公共政策[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2003：15-82
[65]卞亦文.基于DEA的环境绩效评价：研究现状及拓展方向[J].商业时代,2009(6)：64-65
[66]卞亦文.基于DEA理论的环境效率评价方法研究[D].安徽：中国科学技术大学,博士毕业论文,2006
[67]蔡立辉.政府绩效评估的理念与方法分析[J].中国人民大学学报,2002(5)：93-100
[68]曹颖.环境绩效评估指标体系研究——以云南省为例[J].生态经济,2006(5)：330-332
[69]陈富良.放松规制与强化规制[M].上海：上海三联书店,2001：1-6
[70]陈富良.规制机制设计在环境政策中的应用评述[J].江西财经大学学报,2005(1)：5-8
[71]陈虹.政府规制机构研究[J].理论与实践理论月刊,2007(3)：64-69
[72]陈荣.美国环境影响评价政策及其实施[N].中国环境报,2002-11-16
[73]陈献勇.投资报酬率规制的效率分析及启示[J].辽宁大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(3)：127-130
[74]初佳颖.网络型产业的激励性规制绩效分析综述[J].经济经纬,2005(6)：62-65
[75]邓晓红等.基于DEA模型的甘肃省经济运行和环境管理效率评价研究[J].冰川冻土,2009,31(3)：553-559
[76]丁伟等.中华人民共和国环境影响评价法与规划、设计、建设项目实施手册[M].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2002：50-60
[77]董秀海等.中国环境治理效率的国际比较和历史分析——基于DEA模型的研究[J].科学学研究,2008(6)：1221-1230
[78]樊慧玲.政府社会性规制的成本与收益[J].山东财政学院学报,2008(5)：21-23
[79]樊慧玲.转型期政府社会性规制的绩效分析[J].中共四川省委党校学报,2008(4)：52-56
[80]方丹等.政府间管制效率的比较模型分析[J].东南大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2006(6)：67-69
[81]葛察忠等.环境经济研究进展[C].北京：中国环境科学出版社,2009：9-15,21-29
[82]耿海清.中国环境影响评价管理的现状、问题与展望[J].环境科学与管理,2008(11)：1-3
[83]古阿什、汉恩,古月译.规制的成本与收益：对发展中国家的寓意[J].经济社会体制比较,2004(1)：67-77
[84]郭国锋等.基于DEA模型的环境治理效率评价——以河南为例[J].经济问题,2009,(1)：48-51
[85]郭京福等.数据包络分析方法综述[J].大连理工大学学报,1998(38)：236-241
[86]韩强等.我国工业领域环境保护投资效率实证研究[J].经济管理,2009,31(5)：154-160
[87]胡峰.政府规制的理论基础及效果评估[J].郑州经济管理干部学院学报,2005(1)：58-60
[88]黄珺仪等.社会性管制绩效的成本与收益分析[J].东北财经大学学报,2007(6)：75-78
[89]黄清.电力行业放松规制改革政策效果的实证研究[J].山西财经大学学报,2009(1)：49-56
[90]李静等.基于DEA-SBM模型的中国地区环境效率研究[J].合肥工业大学学报,2009(8)：1208-1211
[91]李美娟等.数据包络分析法(DEA)的研究与应用[J].中国工程科学,2003(6)：88-94
[92]李月军等.美国社会规制研究的三种路径[J].湖北经济学院学报,2006(6)：90-96
[93]廖红伟等.垄断行业政府规制效率及改进机制[J].当代经济研究,2009(9)：62-65
[94]林关证.管制的经济绩效分析[J].现代经济探讨,2008(8)：85-88
[95]林木西等.自然垄断产品价格规制的福利效应分析[J].当代经济研究,2006(9)：29-32
[96]林群惠.乘势而上的政府环保绩效评估[J].环境经济,2005,19(7)：34-37
[97]刘纪山.基于DEA模型的中部六省环境治理效率评价[J].生产力研究,2009,(17)：93-94
[98]刘静.我国环境规制效率测评研究[D].陕西：西安理工大学,硕士毕业论文,2010
[99]刘俊等.从管制成本角度论析政府管制的有效性[J].江西社会科学,2006(9)：149-152
[100]刘笑霞.政府绩效评价理论框架之构建——以一级政府为中心[D].福建：厦门 大学,博士毕业论文,2008
[101]刘新梅等.规制机构成员影响规制效率的路径研究[J].软科学,2007(1)：63-65
[102]刘研华.中国环境规制改革研究[D].辽宁：辽宁大学,博士毕业论文,2007
[103]刘研华等.我国环境规制效率的变化趋势及对策研究[J].生态经济,2009(11)：172-175
[104]陆梦龙.基于DEA方法的公共部门绩效评估研究[J].湖北广播电视大学学报,2008(1)：94-95
[105]卢鹏.中国垄断产业规制效果的评价研究[D].辽宁：东北财经大学,硕士毕业论文,2007
[106]鲁再平等.中国政府规制目标及效率分析[J].江汉论坛,2003(5)：12-15
[107]马雁军等.基于DEA的政府绩效评估探析[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2005(5)：48-52
[108]马育军等.基于DEA模型的区域生态环境建设绩效评价——以江苏省苏州市为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(6)：769-774
[109]梅黎明.西方国家的规制影响评价及其启示[J].江西社会科学,2009(3)：179-183
[110]梅黎明.中国建立规制影响评价制度的障碍及政策建议[J].求实,2009(4)：51-52
[111]孟华.政府绩效评估：美国的经验与中国的实践[M].上海：上海人民出版社,2006
[112]孟延春等.转轨时期的政府管制：理论、模式与绩效[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2008：265-286
[113]彭国甫.对政府绩效评估几个基本问题的反思[J].湘潭大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2004(3)：6-11
[114]彭国甫等.基于DEA模型的政府绩效相对有效性评估[J].管理评论,2004(8)：29-31
[115]齐晔等.中国环境监管体制研究[M].上海：上海三联书店,2008：211-235
[116]钱旭东.网络时代的政府效率问题研究[D].浙江：浙江大学,硕士毕业论文,2004
[117]沈芳.环境规制的工具选择：成本与收益的不确定性及诱发性技术革新的影响[J].当代财经,2004(6)：10-12
[118]盛昭瀚.DEA理论、方法与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,1996
[119]石磊等.环境管制收益和成本的评估与分配[J].产业经济研究,2006(5)：33-40
[120]斯考特·J.卡兰,珍妮特·M.托马斯.环境经济学与环境管理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2006：142-178
[121]孙彩红.管制“管制者”——政府管制有效性的新视角[J].学术探索,2004(2)：5-9
[122]孙浩康.欧盟及其他国家规制影响评估制度及经验介绍[J].经济与管理研究,2006(1)：85-87
[123]索勇超.政府绩效评价指标体系研究[J].沿海企业与科技,2005(12)：54-55
[124]托马斯·思德纳.环境与自然资源管理的政策工具[M].上海：上海三联书店、上海人民出版社,2005：107-141
[125]王蕾等.政府监管政策绩效评估分析——以经济合作与发展组织国家为例[J].甘肃行政学院学报,2009(5)：80-86
[126]王丽珂.基于生态文明的政府环境管理绩效评价[J].北京工业大学学报：社会科学版,2008,8(6)：16-19
[127]王丽梅等.有效地员工培训：效率+效果——基于成本收益分析[J].科技管理研究,2010(15)：120-124
[128]王萍等.中国民航业规制效果的实证分析[J].财经问题研究,2008(3)：30-35
[129]王群伟等.环境规制下的投入产出效率及规制成本研究[J].管理科学,2009(6)：111-119
[130]王晓宁等.基于绩效评估的地方环境保护机构能力分析[J].中国环境科学,2006,26(3)：380-384
[131]王燕.环境问题的经济学分析——兼论推进环境规制改革的必要性[J].商业经济,2009(12)：24-26
[132]王云霞.改善中国规制质量的理论、经验和方法[M].北京：知识产权出版社,2008：69-139
[133]魏权龄.评价相对有效性的DEA方法[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1988
[134]魏素艳等.构建我国环境会计体系的研究[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2006：265-266
[135]武群丽等.经济管制政策综合性绩效检验分析[J].经济与管理研究,2005(5)：78-80
[136]吴育华,卢静.城市环境保护工作效率评价[J].天津大学学报：社会科学版,2006,8(4)：245-249.
[137]吴玉萍等.北京市环境政策评价研究[J].城市环境与城市生态,2002(4)：4-6
[138]席涛.美国的成本-收益分析管制体制及对中国的启示[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004(6)：60-63
[139]席涛.美国管制：从命令控制到成本收益分析[D].北京：中国社会科学院,博士毕业论文,2003
[140]席涛.美国市场化管制对中国的启示[J].经济研究参考,2005(23)：36
[141]席涛.美国政府管制成本与收益的实证分析[J].经济理论与经济管理,2002(11)：65-69
[142]席涛.谁来监管美国的市场经济——美国的市场化管制及对中国管制改革的启迪[J].国际经济评论,2005(1-2)：10-15
[143]席涛.谁来监管美国的市场经济——美国监管体制的演变：从命令-控制到成本-收益分析[J].国际经济评论,2004(11-12)：5-13
[144]夏永久等.西北河谷型城市环境政策评价研究——以兰州市为例[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2006(4)：1-5
[145]肖兴志等.规制影响评价的理论、方法与应用[J].经济管理,2007(6)：86-91
[146]肖兴志等.中国煤矿安全规制效果实证研究[J].中国工业经济,2008(5)：67-76
[147]谢艾国等.时序DEA的理论与方法研究[J].系统工程与电子技术,1999(11)：1-4
[148]谢地等.美、韩、俄等国改进政府规制质量运动及其借鉴[J].经济社会体制比较,2009(1)：91-98
[149]谢地等.软环境的塑造与政府规制质量[J].吉林大学社会科学学报,2006(1)：121-127
[150]徐亮等.激励性管制与效率[J].北京邮电大学学报(社会科学版),2004(2)：16-19
[151]徐双敏.我国实行政府绩效管理的可行性研究[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2003(5)：41-45
[152]薛伟贤等.环境规制及其在中国的评估[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2010(9)：70-77
[153]亚瑟·赛斯尔·庇古.福利经济学[M].上海：上海财经大学出版社,2009
[154]颜伟等.基于DEA模型的中国环保投入相对效率评价研究[J].生产力研究, 2007(4)：21-22
[155]杨春梅.基于DEA的环保投入效率研究[D].广东：暨南大学,硕士毕业论文,2007
[156]杨皓然.西方国家政府绩效评估的理念及其借鉴意义[J].学术论坛,2005(1)：44-47
[157]杨竞萌等.我国环境保护投资效率问题研究[J].当代财经,2009(9)：20-25
[158]仰炬等.我国粮食市场政府管制有效性：基于小麦的实证研究[J].经济研究,2008(8)：42-50
[159]杨文举等.基于DEA的生态效率测度——以中国各省的工业为例[J].科学·经济·社会,2009(3)：56-60
[160]杨秀玉.我国电信行业规制效果分析[J].中央财经大学学报,2009(7)：70-74
[161]于桂红.政府放松管制和提高管制效率的思考[J].齐鲁学刊,2004(4)：76-78
[162]于立等.美国政府规制成本及其经济影响分析[J].世界经济,2002(12)：33-39
[163]于鹏飞等.基于DEA模型的山东省环保投入效率分析[J].科技信息,2009(33)：728-729
[164]张东辉等.中国电信产业的规制效率分析[J].财经问题研究,2008(4)：5255
[165]张红凤.西方规制经济学的变迁[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2005：189-205
[166]张红凤等.环境保护与经济发展双赢的规制绩效实证分析[J].经济研究,2009(3)：14-26
[167]张红凤等.西方国家政府规制变迁与中国政府规制改革[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2007：225-253
[168]张会恒.提高政府规制有效性的途径与实践——一个基于成本收益分析的视角[J].改革,2005(2)：111-115
[169]张会恒.我国公用事业政府规制的有效性研究[M].北京：中国科技大学出版社,2007
[170]张会恒.英国的规制影响评估及对我国的启示[J].经济理论与经济管理,2005(1)：74-75
[171]张小玲.国外政府绩效评估方法比较研究[J].软科学,2004(5)：1-4
[172]张旭霞.公共部门绩效评估[M].北京：中国商务出版社,2006
[173]张学超.中外环境影响评价制度之比较[N].中国环境报,2002-05-01
[174]张学刚等.环境库兹涅茨曲线再研究——基于政府管制的视角[J].中南财经政法 大学学报,2009(6)：40-44
[175]张亚伟.发达国家环境规制改革的经验与启示[J].中州学刊,2010(2)：82-84
[176]赵红.环境规制的成本收益分析——美国的经验与启示[J].山东经济,2006(2)：115-120
[177]赵红.美国环境规制的影响分析与借鉴[J].经济纵横,2006(1)：55-57
[178]赵会娟.我国电信管制绩效评价——评价指标体系及资费效应分析[J].当代财经,2007(1)：86-89
[179]赵玉民等.环境规制的界定、分类与演进研究[J].中国人口资源与环境,2009(6)：85-90
[180]周凯.政府绩效评估导论[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006
[181]周一虹等.环境污染治理成本与收益计量的理论研究[J].环境保护,2004(7)：52-55
[182]朱慧涛.论政府绩效评估的定位及指标体系构建[J].理论与改革,2006(3)：43-44
[183]朱敏等.基于DEA方法的政府绩效评估——对四川省八个城市所作的实证研究[J].成都理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006(2)：5-9
[184]朱锡平.论生态环境规制改革[J].重庆工商大学学报(西部论坛),2007(3)：1-8,68
[185]卓越.政府绩效评估指标设计的类型和方法[J].中国行政管理,2007(2)：325-334