基于磁悬浮飞轮储能的被动补偿脉冲发电系统研究
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摘要
基于磁悬浮飞轮储能的补偿脉冲发电系统集惯性储能、机电能量转换和脉冲成形于一体,无需大功率回路开关,电流自然过零,可连续发射,具有储能密度、功率密度高、脉冲波形好、寿命长、功耗低、成本低、无污染、无需维护等特点,可以作为新型高功率脉冲功率电源,在电磁发射技术、定向能武器等领域得到广泛的应用。
本文介绍磁悬浮飞轮储能和补偿脉冲发电的基本原理。运用解析计算和数值仿真的方法,分析了磁悬浮轴承的作用机理,磁轴承电磁分布及磁轴承承载特性;研究了被动补偿脉冲发电机的运行机理,空载和瞬态电磁分布,电机的电感计算及降低电感技术。探讨了磁悬浮飞轮储能和被动补偿脉冲发电的关键技术。通过分析磁悬浮飞轮与脉冲发电机的相互影响,研究了被动补偿脉冲电机放电时对储能飞轮系统的巨大冲击,提出考虑该冲击作用时储能飞轮的结构设计要求;分析了补偿脉冲电机转子有偏心时脉冲电机的放电冲击,提出了在该冲击作用下稳定悬浮的磁悬浮轴承支承系统的负载能力要求。在此基础上,设计了一台储能4.5MJ、放电脉冲功率50MW的磁悬浮飞轮储能补偿脉冲发电系统。仿真分析表明了磁悬浮飞轮储能补偿脉冲发电系统的技术可行性,为下一步实验样机的加工调试和放电实验研究奠定了基础。
The compulsator system based on magnetic suspension flywheel conbines all thefunctions of inertia energy storage, voltage generation and pulse power shaping in onemachine. As a high power supply, these advantages makes it very suitable forelectromagnetic lounching, laser veapon, direction energy weapon and so on.
Based on the introduction of the background of the study of the magneticsuspension energy storage flywheel and the compensated pulsed alternator(CPA), thispaper analysised the development of the magnetic suspension energy storage flywheeland the CPA, and looked into the future of the Compulsator system based on magneticsuspension flywheel. And elaborated the important of the study.
In this paper, the mechanism of the magnetic suspension energy storage flywheeland the CPA flywheel were studied with both the analytical and numerical method, thedistribution of the magnetic flux and the dynamic features of the AMB and the CPAwas obtained, and the armature inductance solution in the CPA was derived. Accordingto the analysis of mutual affects between magnetic suspension energy storage flywheeland CPA system, the impact of the pulse was discussed and a controllor for activemagnetic bearing(AMB) is designed. Based on the analysis above, it proved thefeasibility of the magnetical suspended and energy storage CPA system. Then with boththe analytical and numerical method, the electromagnetic characteristic, the pulse loadcharacteristic and the pulse wave adjusting method of the system were studied，and thekey technologies are attained. A 4.5MJ-50MW prototype system was designed.According to the study above, it makes a definite feasibility to manufacture amagnetical suspended and energy storage CPA system based on the technology for highpower pulse alternator based on flywheel energy storage system. All the work aboveprovide the foundation for next manufacture and deburg step for the prototype and studyfor the CPA-based weapon system.
本文介绍磁悬浮飞轮储能和补偿脉冲发电的基本原理。运用解析计算和数值仿真的方法,分析了磁悬浮轴承的作用机理,磁轴承电磁分布及磁轴承承载特性;研究了被动补偿脉冲发电机的运行机理,空载和瞬态电磁分布,电机的电感计算及降低电感技术。探讨了磁悬浮飞轮储能和被动补偿脉冲发电的关键技术。通过分析磁悬浮飞轮与脉冲发电机的相互影响,研究了被动补偿脉冲电机放电时对储能飞轮系统的巨大冲击,提出考虑该冲击作用时储能飞轮的结构设计要求;分析了补偿脉冲电机转子有偏心时脉冲电机的放电冲击,提出了在该冲击作用下稳定悬浮的磁悬浮轴承支承系统的负载能力要求。在此基础上,设计了一台储能4.5MJ、放电脉冲功率50MW的磁悬浮飞轮储能补偿脉冲发电系统。仿真分析表明了磁悬浮飞轮储能补偿脉冲发电系统的技术可行性,为下一步实验样机的加工调试和放电实验研究奠定了基础。
The compulsator system based on magnetic suspension flywheel conbines all thefunctions of inertia energy storage, voltage generation and pulse power shaping in onemachine. As a high power supply, these advantages makes it very suitable forelectromagnetic lounching, laser veapon, direction energy weapon and so on.
Based on the introduction of the background of the study of the magneticsuspension energy storage flywheel and the compensated pulsed alternator(CPA), thispaper analysised the development of the magnetic suspension energy storage flywheeland the CPA, and looked into the future of the Compulsator system based on magneticsuspension flywheel. And elaborated the important of the study.
In this paper, the mechanism of the magnetic suspension energy storage flywheeland the CPA flywheel were studied with both the analytical and numerical method, thedistribution of the magnetic flux and the dynamic features of the AMB and the CPAwas obtained, and the armature inductance solution in the CPA was derived. Accordingto the analysis of mutual affects between magnetic suspension energy storage flywheeland CPA system, the impact of the pulse was discussed and a controllor for activemagnetic bearing(AMB) is designed. Based on the analysis above, it proved thefeasibility of the magnetical suspended and energy storage CPA system. Then with boththe analytical and numerical method, the electromagnetic characteristic, the pulse loadcharacteristic and the pulse wave adjusting method of the system were studied，and thekey technologies are attained. A 4.5MJ-50MW prototype system was designed.According to the study above, it makes a definite feasibility to manufacture amagnetical suspended and energy storage CPA system based on the technology for highpower pulse alternator based on flywheel energy storage system. All the work aboveprovide the foundation for next manufacture and deburg step for the prototype and studyfor the CPA-based weapon system.
引文
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[2]李格,潘垣,刘保华,秦文汀,张延标.10MW串级脉冲发电机的理论、设计、实验及应用研究.强激光与粒子束：2001,9:521-525.
[3]刘克富,潘垣,李劲松,刘保华.补偿脉冲发电机为主体电源的电热化学炮系统模拟和试验.电工技术学报. 2000. 4:24-28.
[4] Meiwu Li, Fei Xue, Yang Xiang, Lie Tao, and Mingfang Sun. A“Flexible”Armature in Experiment of Rail Type Electromagnetic Launching System.Electromagnetic Launch Technology Symposium. 2006.5.
[5]李格,刘保华,秦文汀,陈强,李佳民.旋转磁通压缩脉冲发电机驱动电磁轨道炮实验.核聚变与等离子体物理. 2001.3: 38-42.
[6]叶才勇,于克训,刘晓旭,潘垣.补偿脉冲发电机电流脉冲成形的分析.高电压技术. 2008, 2: 373-376.
[7]王莹.高功率脉冲电源[M].原子能出版社.1991
[8] W.F.Weldon. Rotating Machinery For Use In Pulsed Power. Presented At The4th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Albuquerque, NW, USA, June6-8,1983.
[9] Christopher D.G, Beach R. Flywheel technology development program foraerospace applications[C]. Aerospace and Electronics Conference,Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 National,1997,2:602-608.
[10]Weldon W.F et al. Compensated Pulsed Altenrator. U.S.Patent 4200831April,29,1980
[11]张力等.复合材料飞轮研究进展[J].兵器材料科学与工程，2001,24(5):63-65.
[12]Beno J,Thompson R,Hebrier R.Flywheel batteries for vehicles[J].Autonomous Underwater Vehicles,2002:99-5101.
[13]詹三一等.超导磁悬浮飞轮储能的基本原理和发展现状[J]，电力系统自动化，2001, 25: 67-72.
[14]周宇,蒋书运,赵雷.磁悬浮储能飞轮系统的研究进展[J].低温与超导,Feb,2003: 42-45.
[15]Weldon W.F et al.Compensated Pulsed Altenrator.U.S.Patent 4200831April,29,1980
[16]B.M.Cater,et a1.Driving Parallel Flashlamps With A Compensated PulsedAlternator, 14th Pulsed Power Modulator Symposium, 0rlando, F1, June 6,1981.
[17]S. B. Pratap, W. L. Bird, G. L. Godwin, and W. F. Weldon. A CompulsatorDriven Rapid-Fire EM Gun. IEEE TRASNSACTIONS OＮMAG. 1984.4:211-214.
[18]S.B .Pratap,et al.A Compulsator-Drive Rapid-Fire EM Gun, 2th IEEESymposium On Electromagnetic Launch Technology, Boston, MA, Oct. 11-14, 1983.
[19]W.G.Fulcher，et al. Design Considerations In A 60 caliber EM Railgun System,4th Electromagnetic Launch Technology In Austin,TX,April,12-14,1988.
[20]A E. Zielinski, et al. cannon-caliber electromagnetic launcher. IEEE Trans.Magn., 1997,33: 163-168.
[21]C.R.Spikings. Simulation of selective passive compulsator.IEEE Trans. Magn.,1991,27(1):415-420.
[22]E.A.Lomonova et al. Theoretical Investigations And Mathematical Models OfThe Compulsator.7thIEEE Intenrational Conference On Electrical MachinesAnd Drives,Durham,UK, 1995:131-13.
[23]W. A. Walls. Rotating Machines for Pulsed Power. IEEE
[24]Schweitzer G., Traxler A., Bleuler H..主动控制磁轴承基础、性能和应用[M].虞烈,袁崇军译.北京:新时代出版社, 1997
[25]虞烈.可控磁悬浮转子系统[M].北京:科学出版社, 2003
[26]李钟明，刘卫国.稀土永磁电机[M].北京:国防工业出版社，1999:273-281
[27]唐任远等.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[28]Siddharth, B. Pratap. Transient Eddy Current Distribution in the Shield of thePassively Compensated Compulsator-Air-Core Machines. IEEETRANSACTIONSＯＮMAG.. 1991.VOL.27:3710-3720.
[29]唐任远等.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[30]刘克富,丁同海,潘垣,刘保华.被动补偿脉冲发电机气隙磁场及电枢电感计算.微特电机. 1996.1: 14-16.
[31]李格.被动补偿脉冲发电机气隙绕组电感的解析计算.核聚变与等离子体物理. 2000.6:125-128.
[32]武卫东,李朗如,丛林.被动补偿脉冲发电机无槽电枢绕组瞬态电感的计算.中国电机工程学报. 1999.4: 67-71.
[33]史黎明,徐善纲.补偿脉冲发电机电感的解析算法.电工电能新技术.1991.3:14-21.
[34]冯慈璋,马西奎.工程电磁场导论[M].高等教育出版社，北京，2000.
[35]张国平,于克训,叶才勇.空心补偿脉冲发电机气隙磁场计算.船电技术.2008.6: 337-340
[36]U. Kim and D. K. Lieu. Magnetic field calculation in permanent magnetmotors with rotor eccentricity: Without slotting effect. IEEE Transactions onMagnetics, vol. 34, no. 4: 2243–2252, July 1998.
[37]Tae-Jong Kim, Sang-Moon Hwang, and No-Gill Park. Analysis of Vibrationfor Permanent Magnet Motors Considering Mechanical and MagneticCoupling Effects. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 36, NO.4, JULY 2000 1346–1350
[38]肖凯.飞轮混合磁轴承控制技术研究[D].长沙:国防科技大学研究生院博士论文, 2006
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