航空遥感数字传感器地面数据处理技术、方法与应用试验研究
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摘要
航空遥感数字传感器系统(简称数字航测相机)是一种能够同时获得立体影像和彩色多光谱影像的多功能、航空遥感数字成像设备。自2000年以来,数字航测相机已陆续开始在国内外的测绘行业使用,开启了数字航测相机替代胶片航测相机的新时代。瑞士Leica测量系统公司的ADS40数字航测相机是线阵相机的代表。
ADS40数字航测相机是基于线阵CCD推扫式的航空遥感数字传感器,集成了高精度GPS和惯性测量单元IMU。GPS/IMU是ADS40航空数字传感器的核心设备。GPS/IMU技术是对传统的摄影测量的重要革新,是未来遥感和航空摄影测量技术发展的趋势。
论文主要对ADS40航空数字传感器的地面数据处理系统的技术、方法与应用进行研究。内容包括;
1.系统地分析了ADS40数字航测相机地面数据处理的数学模型,为ADS40数据地面处理技术方案和软件功能测试奠定了理论基础。
2.在分析和总结ADS40地面数据处理软件结构的基础上,对试验区进行了设计,并组织了飞行航摄,获得了测试所需的完整的数据。
3.利用试验数据对ADS40地面数据处理软件功能模块进行了功能和性能测试。
4.在对ADS40地面数据流分析的基础上,结合现有的作业质量控制的经验,设计了适合于生产的数据处理工作流程,并对数据处理过程中的质量控制进行了研究,在试验中得到了验证。
5.结合对实际的ADS40试验区数据进行地面数据处理,提出四种数据处理的技术方案,检查数据处理的精度,对ADS40数字航测相机数据处理的性能、功能、技术指标进行综合评价。
通过对ADS40线阵数字航测相机的地面数据处理技术、方法与应用的研究,结合目前国内开展的生产试验与实践,对ADS40数字航测相机的摄影测量成图过程、精度进行了分析,并对地面数据处理进行了充分的试验验证及分析总结,形成了一套完整可行的ADS40地面数据处理的流程以及生产试验方案。
The Aerial Digital Sensor or Digital Photography Camera is defined as functional and digital device that can acquire airborne imagery data with stereo viewing and spectral band. Since 2000, when the aerial digital sensor was applied in the field of Surveying and Mapping at home and abroad, it starts a new age that digital camera substitutes for film camera. Aerial Digital Sensor ADS40 is a typical representative of product made in Leical Geosystems, Switzerland.
ADS40 is Leica's product based on the CCD pushbroom principle. It is linear arrays CCD sensor which integrated GPS/IMU technology to directly acquire the position and attitude of sensor at exposed time. GPS/IMU device is the most important part of ADS40. GPS/IMU technology is a tendency of developing the Photogrammy and Remote Sensing, at same time it is also the most important reform to the traditional photogrammy.
This paper is mainly a study of the technology, method and application of the Ground Data Processing of ADS40. It includes:
1. Analyse the photogrammy principle and mathematical model used for the Ground Data Processing of ADS40.It provides the foundation for the design of block test field for verification and test of ground processing software.
2. Based on the analysis and summary of the components of ground processing of ADS40, we created the design for block test field for verification and cross-line test field for cablibration, arranged or organized aerial photography and acquired all necessary test data of photogrammetric area.
3. Based on the analysis of ADS40 data and function test of software, we create data flow diagram for the ground processing of ADS40.The flow diagram guides production of test field. Then, we test the software function of ground data processing. The correct and complete data flow diagram does help to establish the workflow of product. Finally, we do research on quality control and check for data processing.Connected with past experience of quality control, we find that the workflow of product and method of quality control is very valid.
4. With the practice of experimentation data of ADS40, we provide with four different cases for ground data processing, analyze the accuracy of ground control points and give the comprehensive estimate to the capability of data processing of ADS40.
To sum up, through the study of the technology, method and application of ADS40's ground data processing in experimentation, we form a set of practical workflow and some effective experiment cases.
ADS40数字航测相机是基于线阵CCD推扫式的航空遥感数字传感器,集成了高精度GPS和惯性测量单元IMU。GPS/IMU是ADS40航空数字传感器的核心设备。GPS/IMU技术是对传统的摄影测量的重要革新,是未来遥感和航空摄影测量技术发展的趋势。
论文主要对ADS40航空数字传感器的地面数据处理系统的技术、方法与应用进行研究。内容包括;
1.系统地分析了ADS40数字航测相机地面数据处理的数学模型,为ADS40数据地面处理技术方案和软件功能测试奠定了理论基础。
2.在分析和总结ADS40地面数据处理软件结构的基础上,对试验区进行了设计,并组织了飞行航摄,获得了测试所需的完整的数据。
3.利用试验数据对ADS40地面数据处理软件功能模块进行了功能和性能测试。
4.在对ADS40地面数据流分析的基础上,结合现有的作业质量控制的经验,设计了适合于生产的数据处理工作流程,并对数据处理过程中的质量控制进行了研究,在试验中得到了验证。
5.结合对实际的ADS40试验区数据进行地面数据处理,提出四种数据处理的技术方案,检查数据处理的精度,对ADS40数字航测相机数据处理的性能、功能、技术指标进行综合评价。
通过对ADS40线阵数字航测相机的地面数据处理技术、方法与应用的研究,结合目前国内开展的生产试验与实践,对ADS40数字航测相机的摄影测量成图过程、精度进行了分析,并对地面数据处理进行了充分的试验验证及分析总结,形成了一套完整可行的ADS40地面数据处理的流程以及生产试验方案。
The Aerial Digital Sensor or Digital Photography Camera is defined as functional and digital device that can acquire airborne imagery data with stereo viewing and spectral band. Since 2000, when the aerial digital sensor was applied in the field of Surveying and Mapping at home and abroad, it starts a new age that digital camera substitutes for film camera. Aerial Digital Sensor ADS40 is a typical representative of product made in Leical Geosystems, Switzerland.
ADS40 is Leica's product based on the CCD pushbroom principle. It is linear arrays CCD sensor which integrated GPS/IMU technology to directly acquire the position and attitude of sensor at exposed time. GPS/IMU device is the most important part of ADS40. GPS/IMU technology is a tendency of developing the Photogrammy and Remote Sensing, at same time it is also the most important reform to the traditional photogrammy.
This paper is mainly a study of the technology, method and application of the Ground Data Processing of ADS40. It includes:
1. Analyse the photogrammy principle and mathematical model used for the Ground Data Processing of ADS40.It provides the foundation for the design of block test field for verification and test of ground processing software.
2. Based on the analysis and summary of the components of ground processing of ADS40, we created the design for block test field for verification and cross-line test field for cablibration, arranged or organized aerial photography and acquired all necessary test data of photogrammetric area.
3. Based on the analysis of ADS40 data and function test of software, we create data flow diagram for the ground processing of ADS40.The flow diagram guides production of test field. Then, we test the software function of ground data processing. The correct and complete data flow diagram does help to establish the workflow of product. Finally, we do research on quality control and check for data processing.Connected with past experience of quality control, we find that the workflow of product and method of quality control is very valid.
4. With the practice of experimentation data of ADS40, we provide with four different cases for ground data processing, analyze the accuracy of ground control points and give the comprehensive estimate to the capability of data processing of ADS40.
To sum up, through the study of the technology, method and application of ADS40's ground data processing in experimentation, we form a set of practical workflow and some effective experiment cases.
引文
[1]张永生,邹晓亮,刘军,吴云东,纪松.航空遥感数字传感器信息处理系统[M].北京;星球地图出版社,2007.01.
[2]Processing of stereo scanner;from stereo plotter to pixel factory[J],FRANK BIGNONE,ISTAR,France,141-150
[3]Felix Zuberbuhler;Introduction to contrast and color handling of ADS40 images[A],Leica Geosystems 2004 Airbrone Sensor Workshop Denver,CO · USA[C]· 18-20 August 2004.
[4]Rainer Sandau,Bernhard Braunecker;Design Principles of The LH Systems ADS40 Airborne Digital Sensor[A],IAPRS[C]Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam 2000.
[5]Gordon Petrie;The Configurations of the New Airborne Digital Images[A],Conference & Meetings[C],2000.8.
[6]刘 军,张永生,范永弘.ADS40机载数字传感器的摄影测量处理与应用[J],测绘学院学报,Vol.19,No.3,2002.9.
[7]王慧.大面阵彩色CCD航测相机成像理论模型和成像处理技术[D].郑州;解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2006.07.
[8]Hinz A.,Doerstel C.,Heier H.;Digital Modular Camera----System concept and data processing Workflow,IAPRS[C]Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam 2000,pp.164-172.
[9]Hinz A.;The Z/I Imaging Digital Aerial Camera System,in;Fritsch D.,Spiller R.(Eds.),Photogrammetric Week '99[C],Wichmann Verlag,Heidelberg,pp.109-115.
[10]Jan H.Loedeman;DMC Designed with the End-use in Mind[J],GIM Interatioal Feature,1999.10.
[11]Liang Tang,Christoph Dorstel,Karsten Jacobsen,Christian Heipke,Alexander Hinz;Geometric Accuracy Potential of the Digital Modular Camera,IAPRS[C],Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam,2000,pp.1051- 1057.
[12]Fricker P.,Sandau R.,Walker A.S.;Digital Photogrammetric CamerasL;Possibilities and Problems,in;Fritsch D.,Spiller R.(Eds.),Photogrammetric Week '99[C],Wichmann Verlag,Heidelberg,pp.71-82.
[13]Diener S.,Kiefner,M.Dorstel C.;Radiometric Normalisation and Colour Composite Generation of the DMC,IAPRS[C]Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam 2000.
[14]M.Kropfl,E.Kruck,M.Gruber;Geometric Calibration of the Digital Large Format Aerial Camera UltraCamD[J],Germany,Commission I,WG I/2
[15]Leberl,F.et al.;The UltraCamD Large Format Aerial Digital Camera System[J],Proceedings of the American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing,May,2003,Anchorage,Alaska,pp.5-9.
[16]J.Kremer,M.Gruber;Operation of the UltraCamD Together with CCNS4/AeroControl - First Experiences and Results[A],Germany,Commission I,WG I/5
[17]M.Grubera,R.Perkob,M.Ponticellia;The All Digital Photogrammetric Workflow;Redundancy and Robustness,Vexcel Imaging GmbH,Commission I,WG I/6.
[18]Photogrammetric software for the LH Systems ADS40 airborne digital sensor,UdoTEMPELMANN et al.,Working Group IC-8
[19]The impact of digital imagery,Paul Garland & Christoph Doerstel,GEOconnexion,pp.55,May 2003
[20]The airborne HRSC-AX cameras;evaluation of the technical concept and presentation of application results after one year of operations,Gerhard NEUKUM et al.,Photogrammetric Weeks,pp 117-131,2001
[21]On the performance of Digital Airborne Pushbroom Cameras for Photogrammetric Data Processing - A case study,Norbert HAALA,Dieter FRITSCH,Dirk STALLMANN,Michael CRAMER,IAPRS,Vol.XXXⅢ,pp.324 - 331,Amsterdam 2000
[22]Digital Aerial Survey Data for Telecoms Network Planning;Practical Experience with High Resolution Three-View Stereo Camera,Laurent RENOUARD and F.LEHMANN,OEEPE Workshop on Automation in Digital Photogrammetric Production,Paris,France,21-24 June,1999
[23]李学友.IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量原理、方法及应用[D].郑州;解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2005.10
[24]尤红建,江月松,李树楷;机载遥感直接对地定位的误差分析和精度估计[J].测绘学报,1998,27(1);86-91.
[25]尤红建,刘少创,刘彤,李树楷;机载三维成像仪系统中激光点位置的解算及应用[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(3);141-145.
[26]袁修孝;GPS辅助空中三角测量原理及应用[M].北京;测绘出版社,2001;176.
[27]Ackermann F.;GPS for Photogrammetry[J].Proceedings of lSPRS,1991.
[28]Ackermann F.;Prospects of Kinematic GPS for Aerial Triangulation[J].ITC Journal.1992(4).
[29]Dr.L.Hinsken;ORIMA User's Guide[M],Leica Geosystems,2004.06.
[30]Dr.L.Hinsken;CAP-A Combined Adjustment Program Aerial Version[M],Leica Geosystems,2004.06.
[31]Muller F,Hofmann O.and Kaltenecker.A.,1994;Digital photogrammetric assembly point determination using airborne threeline cameraimagery-practical results,In;Proc.ISPRS Congress Comm.Ⅲ,Munchen,PR592-598.
[32]Hinsken L.,Miller S.,Tempelmann U.,Uebbing R.& Walker S.;Triangulation of LH Systems' ADS40 imagery using ORIMA GPS/IMU[J],2002,IAPRS,Vol.XXXⅣ,Part3A,Graz,Austria.
[33]Hinsken L.(1988).A Singularity Free Algorithm for Spatial Orientation of Bundles,Int.Arch.of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,Vol.27 Part B5,pp.262-272,Kyoto.Japan.
[34]Hinsken L.,Miller S.,Myint Y.,Walker St.(1999);Error Analysis for Digital Triangulation with Airborne GPS ASPRS Annual Convention Proceedings.Portland,Oregon,USA.
[35]Mailer F.(1991);Photogrammetrische Punktbestimmung mit Bilddaten digitaler Dreizeilenkameras.Deutsche Geodatische Kommission,Reihe C,Nr.372,Munchen,Germany.
[36]Hofmann,O.,Nave,R,Ebner,H.(1982);DPS A Digital Photogrammetric System for Producing Digital Elevation Models and Orthophotos by Means of Linear Array Scanner Imagery,Int.Arch.Photogrammetry,Vol.24 Part B3,pp.216-227,Helsinki,Finland.
[37]Snay.R.A.;Reducing the Profile of Sparse Symmetric Matrices.NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS-4,Rockville,Maryland,June 1976/.
[38]李德仁,袁修孝;误差处理与可靠性理论[M].北京;测绘出版社,2001.
[39]Pope A.(1970)..An Advantageous,Alternative Parametrization of Rotations for Analytical Photogrammetry.ESSA Technical Report CaGS39,Rockville,Maryland,USA.
[40]Roser,H-R,Eckardt,A yon Schonermark,M.,Sandau,R.,Fricker,p.(2000);New Potential and Applications of ADS[J].Int.Arch.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.VoI.XXXⅢ,Part B2 pp.251-257,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
[41]Yempelmann,U.et.al.(2000).Photogrammetric Software for the LH Systems Airborne Digital Sensor(ADS).Int.Arch.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing[A].Vol.XXXⅢ,Part B2 pp.552-559,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
[42]Leica Geosystems,ADS40 Ground Processing Software,Version3.1[M],Geospatial Imaging Atlanta,Georgia,2005.12.
[43]Applanix Corporation,POSPac User Manual,Revision 1[M],2003.11.
[44]Leica Geosystems,Leica Phogrammetry Suite User's Guide[M],2005.08
[45]GB/T 13990-92.1;5000、1;10000地形图航空摄影测量内业规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,1993;
[46]GB/T13977-92 1;5000、1;10000地形图航空摄影测量外业规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,1993;
[47]CHB 3.5-2003 1;10000-1;100000军用地形图摄影测量外业控制规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,2003;
[48]GB/T 12340-1990.1;25000、1;50000、1;100000地形图航空摄影测量内业规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,1990;
[2]Processing of stereo scanner;from stereo plotter to pixel factory[J],FRANK BIGNONE,ISTAR,France,141-150
[3]Felix Zuberbuhler;Introduction to contrast and color handling of ADS40 images[A],Leica Geosystems 2004 Airbrone Sensor Workshop Denver,CO · USA[C]· 18-20 August 2004.
[4]Rainer Sandau,Bernhard Braunecker;Design Principles of The LH Systems ADS40 Airborne Digital Sensor[A],IAPRS[C]Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam 2000.
[5]Gordon Petrie;The Configurations of the New Airborne Digital Images[A],Conference & Meetings[C],2000.8.
[6]刘 军,张永生,范永弘.ADS40机载数字传感器的摄影测量处理与应用[J],测绘学院学报,Vol.19,No.3,2002.9.
[7]王慧.大面阵彩色CCD航测相机成像理论模型和成像处理技术[D].郑州;解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2006.07.
[8]Hinz A.,Doerstel C.,Heier H.;Digital Modular Camera----System concept and data processing Workflow,IAPRS[C]Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam 2000,pp.164-172.
[9]Hinz A.;The Z/I Imaging Digital Aerial Camera System,in;Fritsch D.,Spiller R.(Eds.),Photogrammetric Week '99[C],Wichmann Verlag,Heidelberg,pp.109-115.
[10]Jan H.Loedeman;DMC Designed with the End-use in Mind[J],GIM Interatioal Feature,1999.10.
[11]Liang Tang,Christoph Dorstel,Karsten Jacobsen,Christian Heipke,Alexander Hinz;Geometric Accuracy Potential of the Digital Modular Camera,IAPRS[C],Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam,2000,pp.1051- 1057.
[12]Fricker P.,Sandau R.,Walker A.S.;Digital Photogrammetric CamerasL;Possibilities and Problems,in;Fritsch D.,Spiller R.(Eds.),Photogrammetric Week '99[C],Wichmann Verlag,Heidelberg,pp.71-82.
[13]Diener S.,Kiefner,M.Dorstel C.;Radiometric Normalisation and Colour Composite Generation of the DMC,IAPRS[C]Vol.XXXⅢ,Amsterdam 2000.
[14]M.Kropfl,E.Kruck,M.Gruber;Geometric Calibration of the Digital Large Format Aerial Camera UltraCamD[J],Germany,Commission I,WG I/2
[15]Leberl,F.et al.;The UltraCamD Large Format Aerial Digital Camera System[J],Proceedings of the American Society for Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing,May,2003,Anchorage,Alaska,pp.5-9.
[16]J.Kremer,M.Gruber;Operation of the UltraCamD Together with CCNS4/AeroControl - First Experiences and Results[A],Germany,Commission I,WG I/5
[17]M.Grubera,R.Perkob,M.Ponticellia;The All Digital Photogrammetric Workflow;Redundancy and Robustness,Vexcel Imaging GmbH,Commission I,WG I/6.
[18]Photogrammetric software for the LH Systems ADS40 airborne digital sensor,UdoTEMPELMANN et al.,Working Group IC-8
[19]The impact of digital imagery,Paul Garland & Christoph Doerstel,GEOconnexion,pp.55,May 2003
[20]The airborne HRSC-AX cameras;evaluation of the technical concept and presentation of application results after one year of operations,Gerhard NEUKUM et al.,Photogrammetric Weeks,pp 117-131,2001
[21]On the performance of Digital Airborne Pushbroom Cameras for Photogrammetric Data Processing - A case study,Norbert HAALA,Dieter FRITSCH,Dirk STALLMANN,Michael CRAMER,IAPRS,Vol.XXXⅢ,pp.324 - 331,Amsterdam 2000
[22]Digital Aerial Survey Data for Telecoms Network Planning;Practical Experience with High Resolution Three-View Stereo Camera,Laurent RENOUARD and F.LEHMANN,OEEPE Workshop on Automation in Digital Photogrammetric Production,Paris,France,21-24 June,1999
[23]李学友.IMU/DGPS辅助航空摄影测量原理、方法及应用[D].郑州;解放军信息工程大学测绘学院,2005.10
[24]尤红建,江月松,李树楷;机载遥感直接对地定位的误差分析和精度估计[J].测绘学报,1998,27(1);86-91.
[25]尤红建,刘少创,刘彤,李树楷;机载三维成像仪系统中激光点位置的解算及应用[J].遥感技术与应用,2000,15(3);141-145.
[26]袁修孝;GPS辅助空中三角测量原理及应用[M].北京;测绘出版社,2001;176.
[27]Ackermann F.;GPS for Photogrammetry[J].Proceedings of lSPRS,1991.
[28]Ackermann F.;Prospects of Kinematic GPS for Aerial Triangulation[J].ITC Journal.1992(4).
[29]Dr.L.Hinsken;ORIMA User's Guide[M],Leica Geosystems,2004.06.
[30]Dr.L.Hinsken;CAP-A Combined Adjustment Program Aerial Version[M],Leica Geosystems,2004.06.
[31]Muller F,Hofmann O.and Kaltenecker.A.,1994;Digital photogrammetric assembly point determination using airborne threeline cameraimagery-practical results,In;Proc.ISPRS Congress Comm.Ⅲ,Munchen,PR592-598.
[32]Hinsken L.,Miller S.,Tempelmann U.,Uebbing R.& Walker S.;Triangulation of LH Systems' ADS40 imagery using ORIMA GPS/IMU[J],2002,IAPRS,Vol.XXXⅣ,Part3A,Graz,Austria.
[33]Hinsken L.(1988).A Singularity Free Algorithm for Spatial Orientation of Bundles,Int.Arch.of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,Vol.27 Part B5,pp.262-272,Kyoto.Japan.
[34]Hinsken L.,Miller S.,Myint Y.,Walker St.(1999);Error Analysis for Digital Triangulation with Airborne GPS ASPRS Annual Convention Proceedings.Portland,Oregon,USA.
[35]Mailer F.(1991);Photogrammetrische Punktbestimmung mit Bilddaten digitaler Dreizeilenkameras.Deutsche Geodatische Kommission,Reihe C,Nr.372,Munchen,Germany.
[36]Hofmann,O.,Nave,R,Ebner,H.(1982);DPS A Digital Photogrammetric System for Producing Digital Elevation Models and Orthophotos by Means of Linear Array Scanner Imagery,Int.Arch.Photogrammetry,Vol.24 Part B3,pp.216-227,Helsinki,Finland.
[37]Snay.R.A.;Reducing the Profile of Sparse Symmetric Matrices.NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NGS-4,Rockville,Maryland,June 1976/.
[38]李德仁,袁修孝;误差处理与可靠性理论[M].北京;测绘出版社,2001.
[39]Pope A.(1970)..An Advantageous,Alternative Parametrization of Rotations for Analytical Photogrammetry.ESSA Technical Report CaGS39,Rockville,Maryland,USA.
[40]Roser,H-R,Eckardt,A yon Schonermark,M.,Sandau,R.,Fricker,p.(2000);New Potential and Applications of ADS[J].Int.Arch.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.VoI.XXXⅢ,Part B2 pp.251-257,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
[41]Yempelmann,U.et.al.(2000).Photogrammetric Software for the LH Systems Airborne Digital Sensor(ADS).Int.Arch.Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing[A].Vol.XXXⅢ,Part B2 pp.552-559,Amsterdam,The Netherlands.
[42]Leica Geosystems,ADS40 Ground Processing Software,Version3.1[M],Geospatial Imaging Atlanta,Georgia,2005.12.
[43]Applanix Corporation,POSPac User Manual,Revision 1[M],2003.11.
[44]Leica Geosystems,Leica Phogrammetry Suite User's Guide[M],2005.08
[45]GB/T 13990-92.1;5000、1;10000地形图航空摄影测量内业规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,1993;
[46]GB/T13977-92 1;5000、1;10000地形图航空摄影测量外业规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,1993;
[47]CHB 3.5-2003 1;10000-1;100000军用地形图摄影测量外业控制规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,2003;
[48]GB/T 12340-1990.1;25000、1;50000、1;100000地形图航空摄影测量内业规范[S].北京;中国标准出版社出版,1990;