自由运行建筑人体热适应性研究
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摘要
室内热环境与热舒适研究目前主要包括稳态热舒适和适应性热舒适研究两个方向。稳态热舒适模型主要基于人工气候室研究。而适应性模型由于综合考虑了自由运行建筑中人的热适应性，利于引导建筑设计考虑环境适应性、满足居民热环境质量要求同时又利于建筑节能，因此越来越受到人们的重视。然而现有的适应性模型，主要基于现场测试研究和问卷调查，以热感觉投票为判据得到，而对于适应性过程机理研究仍处于黑箱状态。针对上述问题，本文开展了以下研究：
首先本文通过文献研究分析归纳了适应性理论主要思想，对建筑热环境人体热适应性过程的特点进行了分析，并对现有热适应性机理研究存在的不足之处进行了分析归纳。通过理论分析，提出了定量研究适应性机理的信息熵方法，并对信息熵方法的产生和发展进行了深入分析，验证了其适用性。为本文研究工作的开展奠定了理论基础。
在理论研究的基础上，本文对夏热冬冷地区重庆、武汉、成都的自由运行建筑室内热环境开展了为期一年的现场测试和问卷调查，获得了6100余份问卷，通过详细分析得到的了全年室内热环境参数、人员服装以及热感觉投票等基本信息。以服装热阻作为表征热适应性行为调节的指标，采用信息熵方法构建了服装热阻熵，得到了对全年服装热阻熵随室内空气温度的变化关系。针对主观热感觉投票，也采用信息熵方法构建了热感觉投票熵，分析了热感觉投票熵随室内空气温度变化的特点和规律。
本文还采用实验室生理研究和问卷调研方法，通过在全年自由运行建筑实验室进行研究，得到了生理指标SCV以及问卷投票等基本信息。采用信息熵方法构建了SCV熵，通过求解得到了SCV熵随空气温度变化模型。通过对SCV熵变化特征的分析，定量分析了自由运行建筑中人体热适应生理调节过程的基本特点和规律。通过对实验室问卷调研得到的热感觉及热舒适投票数据进行统计分析，分析了主观感觉与客观生理指标变化的关系。
本文最后对自由运行建筑人体热适应性模式进行了辨析，对适应过程中相互关联的行为、生理以及心理热调节的关系进行了理论分析。对自由运行建筑服装行为热调节、人群热感觉投票随室内环境的变化特征进行了进一步分析。在此基础上，从自动控制理论出发，提出了基于适应性机理的自由运行建筑室内热环境评价思路和方法，并给出了基于适应性行为、生理调节结合热感觉投票的可接受温度区间的定义。利用本文研究获得的行为调节、生理调节结合热感觉投票数据给出了夏热冬冷地区的室内可接受温度范围，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性，指出了该评价方法的应用方向。
In the research area of thermal comfort there was “adaptive” and “static” models.The static model is based on extensive experiments exposed to well-controlled,extensive and rigorous laboratory environments. Proponents of adaptive models haveadvocated variable indoor temperature standards that more fully exercise the adaptivecapabilities of building occupants. This approach potentially leads to more responsiveenvironmental control algorithms, enhanced levels of occupant comfort, reducedenergy consumption, and the encouragement of climatically responsive building design.Nowadays, adaptive models were based on field survey carried out in free runningbuildings and established based on thermal sensation votes. However, the actual causalmechanism is left in doubt by such “black box” adaptive models. There is a great needto carry out an in-depth study on the adaptive model both theoretically and practically.
First, the main idea of the adaptive theory was summarized through literatureanalysis and the processes of human adaptation to thermal environment in thecharacteristics of were analyzed. Then the existing thermal comfort of inadequacies ofadaptive mechanism were analyzed and summarized. Through theoretical analysis,information entropy method was proposed to study the adaptive process.Andinformation entropy method generation and development was in-depth analysis toverify its applicability.Tthen, the theoretical foundation was laid for this study carryout.
On the basis of theoretical studies, year-round indoor thermal environmentinvestigating and thermal comfort survey was collected in hot summer and cold winterzone typical cities of Chongqing, Wuhan, Chengdu, and more than6100feedback wasreceived. The parameters of indoor thermal environment, staff clothing and thermalsensation votes and other information were obtained. The clothing thermal resistanceas characterization of thermal adaptation index, the clothing thermal resistance entropymethod was constructed by using information entropy, and analyzed the relationshipbetween the clothing thermal resistance entropy changes with the indoor airtemperature.TSV entropy was also constructed, the relationship between the TSVentropy changes with the indoor air temperature was analyzed.
By using laboratory physiological experiments test and questionnaire researchmethods in free running buildings，year-round data of physiological parameters(such as SCV) and thermal comfort survey was obtained. The SCV entropy was constructedby using information entropy method, the model of the SCV entropy changes with theindoor air temperature was established, and then the mechanism of physiologicalregulation was revealed by analysis. By statistical analysis, the relationship betweenthe subjective thermal sensation and the objective physiological parameters was found.
Finally, in this paper, the paradigm of human thermal adaptation which comprisedof three distinct yet interrelated processes-behavioral, physiological, and psychologicalwas analyzed. Feature of behavioral adapaptation and TSV in free running buildingswas revealed. Starting from the automatic control theory, a evaluating method for theindoor thermal environment in free running building based on adaptive mechanismwas established, and a new difination of acceptable range of air temperature based onbehavioral, physiological, and TSV. The hot summer and cold winter zone indooracceptable temperature range was defined by using this method based on behavioral,physiological regulation data combined with thermal sensation polling data, proved theeffectiveness and practicality of the method and the application direction of the methodwas pointed out.
首先本文通过文献研究分析归纳了适应性理论主要思想，对建筑热环境人体热适应性过程的特点进行了分析，并对现有热适应性机理研究存在的不足之处进行了分析归纳。通过理论分析，提出了定量研究适应性机理的信息熵方法，并对信息熵方法的产生和发展进行了深入分析，验证了其适用性。为本文研究工作的开展奠定了理论基础。
在理论研究的基础上，本文对夏热冬冷地区重庆、武汉、成都的自由运行建筑室内热环境开展了为期一年的现场测试和问卷调查，获得了6100余份问卷，通过详细分析得到的了全年室内热环境参数、人员服装以及热感觉投票等基本信息。以服装热阻作为表征热适应性行为调节的指标，采用信息熵方法构建了服装热阻熵，得到了对全年服装热阻熵随室内空气温度的变化关系。针对主观热感觉投票，也采用信息熵方法构建了热感觉投票熵，分析了热感觉投票熵随室内空气温度变化的特点和规律。
本文还采用实验室生理研究和问卷调研方法，通过在全年自由运行建筑实验室进行研究，得到了生理指标SCV以及问卷投票等基本信息。采用信息熵方法构建了SCV熵，通过求解得到了SCV熵随空气温度变化模型。通过对SCV熵变化特征的分析，定量分析了自由运行建筑中人体热适应生理调节过程的基本特点和规律。通过对实验室问卷调研得到的热感觉及热舒适投票数据进行统计分析，分析了主观感觉与客观生理指标变化的关系。
本文最后对自由运行建筑人体热适应性模式进行了辨析，对适应过程中相互关联的行为、生理以及心理热调节的关系进行了理论分析。对自由运行建筑服装行为热调节、人群热感觉投票随室内环境的变化特征进行了进一步分析。在此基础上，从自动控制理论出发，提出了基于适应性机理的自由运行建筑室内热环境评价思路和方法，并给出了基于适应性行为、生理调节结合热感觉投票的可接受温度区间的定义。利用本文研究获得的行为调节、生理调节结合热感觉投票数据给出了夏热冬冷地区的室内可接受温度范围，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性，指出了该评价方法的应用方向。
In the research area of thermal comfort there was “adaptive” and “static” models.The static model is based on extensive experiments exposed to well-controlled,extensive and rigorous laboratory environments. Proponents of adaptive models haveadvocated variable indoor temperature standards that more fully exercise the adaptivecapabilities of building occupants. This approach potentially leads to more responsiveenvironmental control algorithms, enhanced levels of occupant comfort, reducedenergy consumption, and the encouragement of climatically responsive building design.Nowadays, adaptive models were based on field survey carried out in free runningbuildings and established based on thermal sensation votes. However, the actual causalmechanism is left in doubt by such “black box” adaptive models. There is a great needto carry out an in-depth study on the adaptive model both theoretically and practically.
First, the main idea of the adaptive theory was summarized through literatureanalysis and the processes of human adaptation to thermal environment in thecharacteristics of were analyzed. Then the existing thermal comfort of inadequacies ofadaptive mechanism were analyzed and summarized. Through theoretical analysis,information entropy method was proposed to study the adaptive process.Andinformation entropy method generation and development was in-depth analysis toverify its applicability.Tthen, the theoretical foundation was laid for this study carryout.
On the basis of theoretical studies, year-round indoor thermal environmentinvestigating and thermal comfort survey was collected in hot summer and cold winterzone typical cities of Chongqing, Wuhan, Chengdu, and more than6100feedback wasreceived. The parameters of indoor thermal environment, staff clothing and thermalsensation votes and other information were obtained. The clothing thermal resistanceas characterization of thermal adaptation index, the clothing thermal resistance entropymethod was constructed by using information entropy, and analyzed the relationshipbetween the clothing thermal resistance entropy changes with the indoor airtemperature.TSV entropy was also constructed, the relationship between the TSVentropy changes with the indoor air temperature was analyzed.
By using laboratory physiological experiments test and questionnaire researchmethods in free running buildings，year-round data of physiological parameters(such as SCV) and thermal comfort survey was obtained. The SCV entropy was constructedby using information entropy method, the model of the SCV entropy changes with theindoor air temperature was established, and then the mechanism of physiologicalregulation was revealed by analysis. By statistical analysis, the relationship betweenthe subjective thermal sensation and the objective physiological parameters was found.
Finally, in this paper, the paradigm of human thermal adaptation which comprisedof three distinct yet interrelated processes-behavioral, physiological, and psychologicalwas analyzed. Feature of behavioral adapaptation and TSV in free running buildingswas revealed. Starting from the automatic control theory, a evaluating method for theindoor thermal environment in free running building based on adaptive mechanismwas established, and a new difination of acceptable range of air temperature based onbehavioral, physiological, and TSV. The hot summer and cold winter zone indooracceptable temperature range was defined by using this method based on behavioral,physiological regulation data combined with thermal sensation polling data, proved theeffectiveness and practicality of the method and the application direction of the methodwas pointed out.
引文
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