基于布里渊散射的可调光纤延迟线研究
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摘要
可调光纤延迟线不仅是未来全光网络中的关键器件,而且在光信号处理和微波光子学等领域有着极其重要的用途。基于布里渊散射效应实现可调光纤延迟线是近年来发展起来的一门新兴的可调光延迟技术,它具有泵浦光功率阈值低、工作波长可调谐、室温下工作以及与光纤通信系统兼容性好等优点,已经成为了可调光延迟技术中的研究热点。本论文以布里渊慢光和基于声波存储的光缓存为研究对象,围绕减小信号失真和提高延迟-带宽积等丞待解决的问题开展了大量研究工作,论文的主要内容可概括如下:
1.介绍和对比了现有的各种可调光纤延迟线技术;总结和分析了布里渊慢光可调光纤延迟线的研究现状和应用前景;
2.给出了光纤中布里渊散射的物理图像和数学描述;考虑光纤中光波和声波横向分布的差异性,完善了受激布里渊散射的光波-声波耦合方程组;以单色光泵浦的布里渊慢光为例,论述了布里渊慢光的本质,并对布里渊慢光在小信号增益以及增益饱和情况下的延迟特性进行了讨论,指出了在增益饱和区,增益谱烧孔引入的反常色散对布里渊增益引入的正常色散的补偿甚至过补偿是导致延迟量饱和、减小甚至出现脉冲超前的根本原因;
3.研究了基于双谱线结构泵浦光的受激布里渊散射特性;进而分析了宽带光泵浦的受激布里渊散射特性,得出了频域内斯托克斯光复振幅包络的传输方程;对高斯谱宽带光泵浦的布里渊慢光延迟特性进行了讨论,结果表明:二阶增益不均衡是引起信号失真的主要物理因素,它制约了延迟-带宽积的提高;
4.提出利用具有平坦增益谱的宽带布里渊慢光来减小二阶增益不均衡引起的信号失真;建立数学模型得出了频域内斯托克斯光复振幅包络的传输关系,并推导出了延迟量、增益、脉冲展宽因子以及高斯型脉冲在延迟后的振幅包络解析表达式;对单级和级联系统的延迟特性进行了理论分析,结果表明:具有平坦增益谱的宽带布里渊慢光大大减小了二阶增益不均衡引起的信号失真,延迟-带宽积的进一步提高受限于正的三阶色散引起的信号失真;根据理论推导结果分析了一个单级布里渊慢光系统的延迟特性,并将理论计算结果与实验数据进行了对比,验证了理论分析的正确性;基于该理论模型,数值仿真了RZ-OOK、NRZ-OOK以及RZ-DPSK数据流经过具有平坦增益谱的宽带布里渊慢光系统后的延迟效果,并与高斯谱宽带光泵浦的布里渊慢光延迟效果进行了对比,结果表明:前者在减小信号失真方面具有明显优势;
5.对基于双吸收峰的透明宽带布里渊慢光进行了详细理论分析,得出了延迟量、增益、脉冲展宽因子以及高斯型脉冲在延迟后的振幅包络解析表达式,可以为透明宽带布里渊慢光的设计提供指导和参考;研究了透明宽带布里渊慢光的限制因素,结果表明:它不存在增益饱和问题,但是布里渊阈值限制了延迟量的提高,同时,两个吸收峰对应的强烈反常色散区限制了信号光的带宽,并且会导致延迟量的减小以及信号的严重畸变;
6.介绍了基于声波存储的光缓存原理,建立了数学模型;详细讨论了最大缓存时间、带宽、“读”“写”效率、输出信噪比等系统性能与存储光纤和控制脉冲参数之间的关系,提出利用单模As2Se3光纤和啁啾控制光脉冲提高基于声波存储的光缓存性能,并仿真了单个信号脉冲的光缓存性能;分析了系统的存储能力,并仿真了速率为2.5 Gb/s的NRZ-OOK和RZ-DPSK数据流基于声波存储的光缓存效果,当控制光脉冲能量约为0.34μJ、延迟量小于15 ns时,输出信噪比和读出效率分别大于15 dB和30%。
Tunable fiber-optic delay line is a key component for future all-optical network. Furthermore, it is also very useful in applications such as optical signal processing and microwave photonics. Tunable fiber-optic delay line based on stimulated Brillouin scattering is a novel tunable optical delay technology originated in recent years. It has already been one of the hottest topics in tunable optical delay technology owing to its prominent advantages such as a low control power requirement, flexibility of wavelength, room-temperature operation, and seamless integration with fiber-optic systems. In this dissertation, Brilllouin slow light and optical buffer based on acoustic storage are researched, where special attentions are paid to the problems demanding prompt solution, such as reducing signal distortion and enhancing delay-bandwidth product. The main contents of the dissertation are given as follows:
1. Various tunable fiber-optic delay line technologies are summarized and compared. Current research status and application prospect of the tunable fiber-optic delay line based on Brillouin slow light are also summarized and analyzed.
2. Physical image and mathematical model of the Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber are given. A set of improved coupled amplitude equations involving optical and acoustic waves for stimulated Brillouin scattering is presented by considering the difference of the transverse distribution between the optical wave and the acoustic wave in an optical fiber. Moreover, the principle of the Brillouin slow light is introduced, and the delay performance both in the undepleted pump regime and in the depleted pump regime are also analyzed when the pump light is monochromatic. The results show that the compensation and overcompensation for the normal dispersion through the anomalous dispersion introduced by the hole-burning effect in the gain specrum is responsible for the delay saturation, reduction, and even pulse advance.
3. Stimulated-Brillouin-scattering characteristic of a pump light involving two spectral lines is discussed. Special focus is put on the stimulated-Brillouin-scattering characteristic of a broadband pump light, where transmission equation for the complex amplitude of the Stokes light in the frequency domain is deduced. The delay performance of the Brillouin slow light using a broadband pump light with a Gaussian spectrum is discussed. The results show that the second-order gain nonuniformity is mainly responsible for the signal distortion, and it confines the enhancement of the delay-bandwidth product.
4. The method of using broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum to reduce signal distortion induced by the second-order gain nonuniformity is proposed. Transmission relationship for the complex amplitude of the Stokes light in the frequency domain is deduced. Furthermore, analytical expressions of the delay, the gain, the pulsewidth broadening ratio, and the delayed Gaussian pulse amplitude are derived. The delay performance of both single-stage and cascaded Brillouin slow-light systems are also theoretically analyzed. The results show that signal distortion induced by the second-order gain nonuniformity can be greatly reduced in the broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum and the further enhancement of the delay-bandwidth product is constrained due to the signal distortion introduced by the positive third-order dipersion. The calculating results are then compared with the experimental ones for a single-stage Brillouin slow-light system with a flat-top gain spectrum, where the results show a good agreement between them. Finally, the simulated delay performance for the RZ-OOK, NRZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK bit streams in the broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum and a Gaussian gain spetrum are compared. The results indicate that broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum is favourable for reducing signal distortion.
5. Transparent broadband Brillouin slow light utilizing two absorption peak is studied. Analytical expressions of the delay, the gain, the pulsewidth broadening ratio, and the delayed Gaussian pulse amplitude are derived, which can be used as a reference for designing transparent broadband Brillouin slow-light system. The limiting factor for the transparent broadband Brillouin slow light is also discussed. The results show that there is no gain saturation problem in the transparent Brillouin slow light, but the enhancement of the delay is confined by the Brillouin threshold. Moreover, strong anomalous dispersion in the two absorption peak put a limit to the signal bandwidth, which can also reduce the delay and introduce serious signal distortion.
6. The operation principle of the optical buffer based on acoustic storage is introduced, and the mathematical model is also established. The relationship between the system performances, such as maximum storage time, bandwidth,“Write”/“Read”efficiency, and output signal-to-noise ratio, and the system parameters, such as fiber parameters and control pulse parameters, is discussed. Then, the method of using chirped control pulses and a single-mode As2Se3 fiber to improve the buffer performance is proposed. Buffer performance for a single signal pulse is simulated. Furthermore, the buffer capability is analyzed, and the buffer performance for 2.5 Gb/s NRZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK bit streams are simulated. The results show that the output signal-to-noise ratio and the readout efficiency are larger than 15 dB and 30%, respectively, when the control pulse energy is about 0.34μJ and the storage time is smaller than 15 ns.
1.介绍和对比了现有的各种可调光纤延迟线技术;总结和分析了布里渊慢光可调光纤延迟线的研究现状和应用前景;
2.给出了光纤中布里渊散射的物理图像和数学描述;考虑光纤中光波和声波横向分布的差异性,完善了受激布里渊散射的光波-声波耦合方程组;以单色光泵浦的布里渊慢光为例,论述了布里渊慢光的本质,并对布里渊慢光在小信号增益以及增益饱和情况下的延迟特性进行了讨论,指出了在增益饱和区,增益谱烧孔引入的反常色散对布里渊增益引入的正常色散的补偿甚至过补偿是导致延迟量饱和、减小甚至出现脉冲超前的根本原因;
3.研究了基于双谱线结构泵浦光的受激布里渊散射特性;进而分析了宽带光泵浦的受激布里渊散射特性,得出了频域内斯托克斯光复振幅包络的传输方程;对高斯谱宽带光泵浦的布里渊慢光延迟特性进行了讨论,结果表明:二阶增益不均衡是引起信号失真的主要物理因素,它制约了延迟-带宽积的提高;
4.提出利用具有平坦增益谱的宽带布里渊慢光来减小二阶增益不均衡引起的信号失真;建立数学模型得出了频域内斯托克斯光复振幅包络的传输关系,并推导出了延迟量、增益、脉冲展宽因子以及高斯型脉冲在延迟后的振幅包络解析表达式;对单级和级联系统的延迟特性进行了理论分析,结果表明:具有平坦增益谱的宽带布里渊慢光大大减小了二阶增益不均衡引起的信号失真,延迟-带宽积的进一步提高受限于正的三阶色散引起的信号失真;根据理论推导结果分析了一个单级布里渊慢光系统的延迟特性,并将理论计算结果与实验数据进行了对比,验证了理论分析的正确性;基于该理论模型,数值仿真了RZ-OOK、NRZ-OOK以及RZ-DPSK数据流经过具有平坦增益谱的宽带布里渊慢光系统后的延迟效果,并与高斯谱宽带光泵浦的布里渊慢光延迟效果进行了对比,结果表明:前者在减小信号失真方面具有明显优势;
5.对基于双吸收峰的透明宽带布里渊慢光进行了详细理论分析,得出了延迟量、增益、脉冲展宽因子以及高斯型脉冲在延迟后的振幅包络解析表达式,可以为透明宽带布里渊慢光的设计提供指导和参考;研究了透明宽带布里渊慢光的限制因素,结果表明:它不存在增益饱和问题,但是布里渊阈值限制了延迟量的提高,同时,两个吸收峰对应的强烈反常色散区限制了信号光的带宽,并且会导致延迟量的减小以及信号的严重畸变;
6.介绍了基于声波存储的光缓存原理,建立了数学模型;详细讨论了最大缓存时间、带宽、“读”“写”效率、输出信噪比等系统性能与存储光纤和控制脉冲参数之间的关系,提出利用单模As2Se3光纤和啁啾控制光脉冲提高基于声波存储的光缓存性能,并仿真了单个信号脉冲的光缓存性能;分析了系统的存储能力,并仿真了速率为2.5 Gb/s的NRZ-OOK和RZ-DPSK数据流基于声波存储的光缓存效果,当控制光脉冲能量约为0.34μJ、延迟量小于15 ns时,输出信噪比和读出效率分别大于15 dB和30%。
Tunable fiber-optic delay line is a key component for future all-optical network. Furthermore, it is also very useful in applications such as optical signal processing and microwave photonics. Tunable fiber-optic delay line based on stimulated Brillouin scattering is a novel tunable optical delay technology originated in recent years. It has already been one of the hottest topics in tunable optical delay technology owing to its prominent advantages such as a low control power requirement, flexibility of wavelength, room-temperature operation, and seamless integration with fiber-optic systems. In this dissertation, Brilllouin slow light and optical buffer based on acoustic storage are researched, where special attentions are paid to the problems demanding prompt solution, such as reducing signal distortion and enhancing delay-bandwidth product. The main contents of the dissertation are given as follows:
1. Various tunable fiber-optic delay line technologies are summarized and compared. Current research status and application prospect of the tunable fiber-optic delay line based on Brillouin slow light are also summarized and analyzed.
2. Physical image and mathematical model of the Brillouin scattering in an optical fiber are given. A set of improved coupled amplitude equations involving optical and acoustic waves for stimulated Brillouin scattering is presented by considering the difference of the transverse distribution between the optical wave and the acoustic wave in an optical fiber. Moreover, the principle of the Brillouin slow light is introduced, and the delay performance both in the undepleted pump regime and in the depleted pump regime are also analyzed when the pump light is monochromatic. The results show that the compensation and overcompensation for the normal dispersion through the anomalous dispersion introduced by the hole-burning effect in the gain specrum is responsible for the delay saturation, reduction, and even pulse advance.
3. Stimulated-Brillouin-scattering characteristic of a pump light involving two spectral lines is discussed. Special focus is put on the stimulated-Brillouin-scattering characteristic of a broadband pump light, where transmission equation for the complex amplitude of the Stokes light in the frequency domain is deduced. The delay performance of the Brillouin slow light using a broadband pump light with a Gaussian spectrum is discussed. The results show that the second-order gain nonuniformity is mainly responsible for the signal distortion, and it confines the enhancement of the delay-bandwidth product.
4. The method of using broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum to reduce signal distortion induced by the second-order gain nonuniformity is proposed. Transmission relationship for the complex amplitude of the Stokes light in the frequency domain is deduced. Furthermore, analytical expressions of the delay, the gain, the pulsewidth broadening ratio, and the delayed Gaussian pulse amplitude are derived. The delay performance of both single-stage and cascaded Brillouin slow-light systems are also theoretically analyzed. The results show that signal distortion induced by the second-order gain nonuniformity can be greatly reduced in the broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum and the further enhancement of the delay-bandwidth product is constrained due to the signal distortion introduced by the positive third-order dipersion. The calculating results are then compared with the experimental ones for a single-stage Brillouin slow-light system with a flat-top gain spectrum, where the results show a good agreement between them. Finally, the simulated delay performance for the RZ-OOK, NRZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK bit streams in the broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum and a Gaussian gain spetrum are compared. The results indicate that broadband Brillouin slow light with a flat-top gain spectrum is favourable for reducing signal distortion.
5. Transparent broadband Brillouin slow light utilizing two absorption peak is studied. Analytical expressions of the delay, the gain, the pulsewidth broadening ratio, and the delayed Gaussian pulse amplitude are derived, which can be used as a reference for designing transparent broadband Brillouin slow-light system. The limiting factor for the transparent broadband Brillouin slow light is also discussed. The results show that there is no gain saturation problem in the transparent Brillouin slow light, but the enhancement of the delay is confined by the Brillouin threshold. Moreover, strong anomalous dispersion in the two absorption peak put a limit to the signal bandwidth, which can also reduce the delay and introduce serious signal distortion.
6. The operation principle of the optical buffer based on acoustic storage is introduced, and the mathematical model is also established. The relationship between the system performances, such as maximum storage time, bandwidth,“Write”/“Read”efficiency, and output signal-to-noise ratio, and the system parameters, such as fiber parameters and control pulse parameters, is discussed. Then, the method of using chirped control pulses and a single-mode As2Se3 fiber to improve the buffer performance is proposed. Buffer performance for a single signal pulse is simulated. Furthermore, the buffer capability is analyzed, and the buffer performance for 2.5 Gb/s NRZ-OOK and RZ-DPSK bit streams are simulated. The results show that the output signal-to-noise ratio and the readout efficiency are larger than 15 dB and 30%, respectively, when the control pulse energy is about 0.34μJ and the storage time is smaller than 15 ns.
引文
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