大中跨度门式刚架奶牛舍结构的优化设计
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摘要
大中型门式刚架奶牛舍结构是目前国内外应用广泛的农业建筑结构形式之一,与传统的牛舍结构相比,其具有重量轻、空间大、环境优、工期短、造价低等特点。但是不合理的牛舍建筑参数及门式刚架梁柱变截面尺寸均会导致用钢量的增加,造成不必要的浪费。因此,门式刚架奶牛舍结构的优化设计日显重要。
本文针对目前国内外流行的大中跨度门式刚架奶牛舍结构,从为奶牛创造最佳生存环境出发,以变截面轻型门式刚架结构为研究对象,运用有限元理论和方法,借助于大型有限元分析软件ANSYS中的APDL语言,结合门式刚架设计理论及规范,充分考虑奶牛生产工艺和材料的规格系列,通过呼和浩特某大型奶牛养殖场大跨度牛舍实例对门式刚架奶牛舍进行了建筑结构参数—跨度、柱距、柱高、坡度及变截面尺寸的优化设计。通过自编APDL语言结构优化程序,得出了大中跨度门式刚架结构优化次数与结构体积、截面尺寸的关系,并对结果进行校核,优化效果理想。与原设计方案相比,其体积、应力指标均得到了改善。
本文的研究方法和结论具有工程实用意义,可以为类似农牧业建筑工程设计提供参考。
Large and medium-sized homes portal frame structure of cowshed is one of the widely applicable agricultural buildings at home and abroad, and compared to the structure of the traditional cowshed, it possesses the characteristics of light weight, space, environmental advantages, short construction period, low cost and so on. However, unreasonable building parameters of cowshed and portal frame beams with variable cross-section size will lead to an increase of steel consumption, resulting in unnecessary waste. Therefore, the optimization for portal frame structure of cowshed is increasingly important.
Aiming at the popular large and medium-sized span portal frame structure of dairy cow at home and abroad, from the view of creating the best living environment for cows, taking variable cross-section light portal frame structure as the research object, using the theory and methods of finite element, by means of APDL language in the large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS, by combining with the theory and standard of portal frame design, considering fully cow production processes and material specifications series, by the example of large-span barn door frame home of a large dairy cow farm in Hohhot, in this paper, building structure parameters- the optimal span, cross-number, column spacing, column height and variable cross-section size were optimized. Self-made APDL language optimization program was completed. The relationship between the optimization number of the large and medium-sized portal frame structural and the structural volume and section size was obtained, and the results were checked, and the optimization effect was satisfactory. Compared with the original design, its size and stress indexes were improved.
The research methods and conclusions have practical meaning for engineering, which provides reference for the similar design of agriculture and husbandry construction engineering.
本文针对目前国内外流行的大中跨度门式刚架奶牛舍结构,从为奶牛创造最佳生存环境出发,以变截面轻型门式刚架结构为研究对象,运用有限元理论和方法,借助于大型有限元分析软件ANSYS中的APDL语言,结合门式刚架设计理论及规范,充分考虑奶牛生产工艺和材料的规格系列,通过呼和浩特某大型奶牛养殖场大跨度牛舍实例对门式刚架奶牛舍进行了建筑结构参数—跨度、柱距、柱高、坡度及变截面尺寸的优化设计。通过自编APDL语言结构优化程序,得出了大中跨度门式刚架结构优化次数与结构体积、截面尺寸的关系,并对结果进行校核,优化效果理想。与原设计方案相比,其体积、应力指标均得到了改善。
本文的研究方法和结论具有工程实用意义,可以为类似农牧业建筑工程设计提供参考。
Large and medium-sized homes portal frame structure of cowshed is one of the widely applicable agricultural buildings at home and abroad, and compared to the structure of the traditional cowshed, it possesses the characteristics of light weight, space, environmental advantages, short construction period, low cost and so on. However, unreasonable building parameters of cowshed and portal frame beams with variable cross-section size will lead to an increase of steel consumption, resulting in unnecessary waste. Therefore, the optimization for portal frame structure of cowshed is increasingly important.
Aiming at the popular large and medium-sized span portal frame structure of dairy cow at home and abroad, from the view of creating the best living environment for cows, taking variable cross-section light portal frame structure as the research object, using the theory and methods of finite element, by means of APDL language in the large-scale finite element analysis software ANSYS, by combining with the theory and standard of portal frame design, considering fully cow production processes and material specifications series, by the example of large-span barn door frame home of a large dairy cow farm in Hohhot, in this paper, building structure parameters- the optimal span, cross-number, column spacing, column height and variable cross-section size were optimized. Self-made APDL language optimization program was completed. The relationship between the optimization number of the large and medium-sized portal frame structural and the structural volume and section size was obtained, and the results were checked, and the optimization effect was satisfactory. Compared with the original design, its size and stress indexes were improved.
The research methods and conclusions have practical meaning for engineering, which provides reference for the similar design of agriculture and husbandry construction engineering.
引文
1中国奶业协会.奶香飘万家—中国奶业改革开放30年.
2中国统计年鉴(2007)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008
3李胜利.中国奶牛养殖产业发展现状及趋势[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(10):45-49
4全国奶牛优势区域布局规划(2008-2015年)
5 Fregonesi Jose A,Leaver.J.D. Influence of space allowance and milk yield level on behaviour, Performance and health of dairy cows housed in strawyard and cubicle systems[J]. Livestock production Seienee,2002,78(3):245-257
6 Kavolelis B. The Parameters of the ventilation system of uninsulated cow shed[J]. Energy and Buildings,2000,32(1):l-4
7唐春梅,王凤岐.牛舍的建筑结构形式概况及发展方向[J].中国畜牧杂志2005年第42卷第22期
8 Armstrong J.D,pajor E.A.Changes in animal welfare needed to maintain social sustainability[J]. Proceeding of the Sixth International Symposium on Livestock Environment,2001:1-4, USA
9 Me Farland D.F. Freestall Design:Cow recommended refinements.Intemational Dairy Housing[J]. Proceedings of the 29-31 January 2003:131-138
10吴德让.农业建筑学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994
11朱能武,李保明.规模化畜禽养殖环境工程技术研究进展[J].农业工程学报, 2001, 17(增刊) : 17- 19.
12 Lee.G.C,M.L.Morrel and R.L.Ketter.Design of Tapered Members.Weld Res.Counc Bull, Nol73,June,l-32
13 Yeong-Bin Yang and william McGuire.stiffness of Matrix for Geometric Nonlineer Analysis. Joumal structural Engineering,ASCE,vol.112(4),April,853-877
14郭彦林等.轻型钢结构建筑体系的发展趋势及存在的问题[J].中国科协青年科学家论坛(二十一世纪土木工程学科的发展趋势)
15 CECS102:2002,门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003-03-01
16李彦雄,徐兆熙.门式刚架轻型钢结构工程设计与实例[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2008.05.
17魏潮文,陈友泉,弓晓云.轻型房屋钢结构应用技术手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:2-26
18轻型钢结构设计常用资料速查手册[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:1-12
19肖亚明.我国钢结构建筑的发展现状及前景[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(2):111-116.
20中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB50068-2001)[S].北京
21中华人民共和国国家标准《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003)[S].北京
22中华人民共和国国家标准《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB50018-2002) [S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
23中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB50009-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
24中华人民共和国建设部编.《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001,10
25叶见曙.结构设计原理[M].北京:中国交通出版社
26赵熙元等.建筑钢结构设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995
27龙驭球,包世华.结构力学教程(上册)[M].北京,高等教育出版社,1988.9
28 Chen WF,Kim SE.LRFD steel design using advanced analysis.Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press,1997
29王宇欣,王宏丽.现代农业建筑学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.05
30尚书旗,董佑福,史岩.设施养殖工程技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001,1
31王元清,于春光.门式刚架轻型钢结构工业厂房最优柱距研究[J].工业建筑, 1999,29(6):49-51
32林承英.门式刚架跨度与柱距的优化设计[J].山东冶金,2001,(2):35
33张来仪.结构力学[M].北京:中国建筑卜业出版社,1997,6
34张炳华.土建结构优化设计(第二版)[M].同济大学出版社,2002.1
35严云.基于ANSYS参数化设计语言的结构优化设计[J].华东交通大学学报,2004(8)
36胡秋香.大跨度桥梁的结构优化研究综述[J].建筑技术开发,2005,(1):94-98
37唐春梅.轻型门式刚架成乳牛舍结构优化设计研究[D].中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2004:24-25
38朱伯芳.结构优化设计原理与应用[M].水利水电出版社,1984:21-25
39王呼佳,陈洪军.ANSYS工程分析进阶实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.09
40 3D3S使用手册[M].上海:上海同磊土木工程技术有限公司,2008
41 Saeed Moaveni.Finite Element Analysis Theory and Application with ANSYS.Pearson Education[M].2003
42 Moaveni S. Finite-Element analysis theory and application with ANSYS [M]. New York: Pearson Education, 2003.407-417.
43邱冬瑞.门式刚架轻型钢结构优化设计及程序开发[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2008:33-35
44 Eckel B Thinking in C++ [M].New York: prentice Hall Inc, 1995.22-42
45任重.ANSYS使用分析教程.[M]北京:北京大学出版社,2003.285-333
46 APDL Programmers Guide, Third SAS,IP, Inc
47博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
48孙维.中小跨度变截面门式刚架轻型钢结构优化设计及参数分析[D].兰州理工大学硕士学位论文,2006:40-42
2中国统计年鉴(2007)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2008
3李胜利.中国奶牛养殖产业发展现状及趋势[J].中国畜牧杂志,2008,44(10):45-49
4全国奶牛优势区域布局规划(2008-2015年)
5 Fregonesi Jose A,Leaver.J.D. Influence of space allowance and milk yield level on behaviour, Performance and health of dairy cows housed in strawyard and cubicle systems[J]. Livestock production Seienee,2002,78(3):245-257
6 Kavolelis B. The Parameters of the ventilation system of uninsulated cow shed[J]. Energy and Buildings,2000,32(1):l-4
7唐春梅,王凤岐.牛舍的建筑结构形式概况及发展方向[J].中国畜牧杂志2005年第42卷第22期
8 Armstrong J.D,pajor E.A.Changes in animal welfare needed to maintain social sustainability[J]. Proceeding of the Sixth International Symposium on Livestock Environment,2001:1-4, USA
9 Me Farland D.F. Freestall Design:Cow recommended refinements.Intemational Dairy Housing[J]. Proceedings of the 29-31 January 2003:131-138
10吴德让.农业建筑学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994
11朱能武,李保明.规模化畜禽养殖环境工程技术研究进展[J].农业工程学报, 2001, 17(增刊) : 17- 19.
12 Lee.G.C,M.L.Morrel and R.L.Ketter.Design of Tapered Members.Weld Res.Counc Bull, Nol73,June,l-32
13 Yeong-Bin Yang and william McGuire.stiffness of Matrix for Geometric Nonlineer Analysis. Joumal structural Engineering,ASCE,vol.112(4),April,853-877
14郭彦林等.轻型钢结构建筑体系的发展趋势及存在的问题[J].中国科协青年科学家论坛(二十一世纪土木工程学科的发展趋势)
15 CECS102:2002,门式刚架轻型房屋钢结构技术规程[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2003-03-01
16李彦雄,徐兆熙.门式刚架轻型钢结构工程设计与实例[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2008.05.
17魏潮文,陈友泉,弓晓云.轻型房屋钢结构应用技术手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:2-26
18轻型钢结构设计常用资料速查手册[M].北京:地震出版社,2006:1-12
19肖亚明.我国钢结构建筑的发展现状及前景[J].合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(2):111-116.
20中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》(GB50068-2001)[S].北京
21中华人民共和国国家标准《钢结构设计规范》(GB50017-2003)[S].北京
22中华人民共和国国家标准《冷弯薄壁型钢结构技术规范》(GB50018-2002) [S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
23中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑结构荷载规范》(GB50009-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002
24中华人民共和国建设部编.《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001,10
25叶见曙.结构设计原理[M].北京:中国交通出版社
26赵熙元等.建筑钢结构设计手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1995
27龙驭球,包世华.结构力学教程(上册)[M].北京,高等教育出版社,1988.9
28 Chen WF,Kim SE.LRFD steel design using advanced analysis.Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press,1997
29王宇欣,王宏丽.现代农业建筑学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006.05
30尚书旗,董佑福,史岩.设施养殖工程技术[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2001,1
31王元清,于春光.门式刚架轻型钢结构工业厂房最优柱距研究[J].工业建筑, 1999,29(6):49-51
32林承英.门式刚架跨度与柱距的优化设计[J].山东冶金,2001,(2):35
33张来仪.结构力学[M].北京:中国建筑卜业出版社,1997,6
34张炳华.土建结构优化设计(第二版)[M].同济大学出版社,2002.1
35严云.基于ANSYS参数化设计语言的结构优化设计[J].华东交通大学学报,2004(8)
36胡秋香.大跨度桥梁的结构优化研究综述[J].建筑技术开发,2005,(1):94-98
37唐春梅.轻型门式刚架成乳牛舍结构优化设计研究[D].中国农业大学硕士学位论文,2004:24-25
38朱伯芳.结构优化设计原理与应用[M].水利水电出版社,1984:21-25
39王呼佳,陈洪军.ANSYS工程分析进阶实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.09
40 3D3S使用手册[M].上海:上海同磊土木工程技术有限公司,2008
41 Saeed Moaveni.Finite Element Analysis Theory and Application with ANSYS.Pearson Education[M].2003
42 Moaveni S. Finite-Element analysis theory and application with ANSYS [M]. New York: Pearson Education, 2003.407-417.
43邱冬瑞.门式刚架轻型钢结构优化设计及程序开发[D].北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2008:33-35
44 Eckel B Thinking in C++ [M].New York: prentice Hall Inc, 1995.22-42
45任重.ANSYS使用分析教程.[M]北京:北京大学出版社,2003.285-333
46 APDL Programmers Guide, Third SAS,IP, Inc
47博弈创作室.APDL参数化有限元分析技术及其应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
48孙维.中小跨度变截面门式刚架轻型钢结构优化设计及参数分析[D].兰州理工大学硕士学位论文,2006:40-42