女大学生防治肥胖行动心理影响因素及干预研究
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摘要
防治肥胖行动的维持是肥胖防治研究领域的热点问题。本研究在综述以往防治肥胖行动的理论和实证研究基础上，研究首先编制了女大学生防治肥胖行动心理因素测评工具。并考察了测评工具的信度（内部一致性信度、重测信度）和效度（内容效度、结构效度、预测效度）。以此工具为基础，研究进一步运用结构方程模型技术探索各影响因素之间相互作用的机制。检验模型在不同亚阶段、不同身体指数类型上的跨组一致性。依照上一研究找出各影响素之间的递归关系与影响方向，以认知行为疗法为指导思想，HAPA模型、暗示学习原理、自我效能感的培养方式为理论基础，参考女大学生的自身特点设计干预方案。随机选取身体指数≥24且有防治肥胖意图的女大学生，以讲座、放松训练、团体训练等形式实施干预方案，并采用随机对照的方式检验干预效果。在对上述3个研究的结果进行分析和讨论的基础上，本研究综合讨论了防治肥胖行动的心理影响因素的内容、防治肥胖行动各心理影响因素之间的相互作用机制以及促进防治肥胖行动维持的干预方法等问题，并得出以下结论：
1.防治肥胖行动主要受到防治肥胖计划、防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感、防治肥胖行动自我调节等3个心理因素影响。防治肥胖计划由行动的计划和应对的计划两个维度构成；防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感由维持的自我效能感和恢复的自我效能感两个维度构成；防治肥胖行动的自我调节由情绪的自我调节和行为的自我调节两个维度构成。
2.“防治肥胖计划问卷”、“防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感问卷”和“防治肥胖行动自我调节问卷”具有良好的信度和效度，可作为评定女大学生防治肥胖行动的可信、有效工具。
3.防治肥胖行动计划既可以直接促进防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感，也可以通过提高个体的防治肥胖行动自我调节能力促进防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感。
4.防治肥胖行动中，防治肥胖计划、自我调节和自我效能感以递归的模式对防治效果产生影响。
5.防治肥胖行动的心理影响机制不受个体所处亚阶段及其身体指数类型的影响。
6.心理、生理和行为指标均表明针对防治肥胖行动计划、意志自我效能感和自我调节能力设计的干预方案能够有效促进防治肥胖行动的维持。
Controlling obesity action‘s maintenance is a hot topic in the realm of combating obesity.On the basis of reviewing previous controlling obesity theories and empirical studies, thisdissertation firstly formed the questionnaires on psychological factors of controlling obesityaction in female college students. The reliability (internal consistency reliability, test-retestreliability) and validity (content validity, construct validity and predictive validity) of thepsychological factor questionnaires were also tested. Based on the tools, path analysis wasused to find out the interrelationship among the psychological factors. Consistency across thegroup (different sub-stages and BMI types) was examed. According to relationship foundfrom previous study, various theories (cognitive-behavior therapy, HAPA, suggestiveaccelerative learning, resource of self-efficacy) and the characteristics of female collegestudents, this study designed an intervention program. Lecture, relaxation training and grouptraining were used to enact the program among female college students (BMI≥24&formedtarget intention). Randomized control design was used to test the effect of the program. Baseon the analysis of above three studies, this dissertation generally discussed the content ofpsychological factors, the mechanism and the promotion of controlling obesity action. Themain conclusions were drawn as follows:
1. Main psychological factors that influence controlling obesity action were controllingobesity action plan，controlling obesity action volitional self-efficacy and controlling obesityaction self-regulation. Controlling obesity action plan consisted of action plan dimension andcoping plan dimension. Controlling obesity action volitional self-efficacy consisted ofmaintenance self-efficacy dimension and recovery self-efficacy dimension. Controllingobesity action self-regulation consisted of behavior self-regulation dimension and emotionalself-regulation dimension.
2.―Controlling obesity action plan questionnaire‖,―controlling obesity action volitionalself-efficacy questionnaire‖and―controlling obesity action self-regulation questionnaire‖hadsuperior reliability and validity, and these questionnaires could be used as female collagestudents‘measurement tools of controlling obesity action.
3. Controlling obesity action plan could promote controlling obesity action volitionalself-efficacy directly. It also could boost controlling obesity action volitional self-efficacy viacontrolling obesity action self-regulation.
4. Controlling obesity action plan could promote the effect of controlling obesity actionvia self efficacy and self-regulation in recursive pattern.
5. All female college students had the same psychological mechanism of controllingobesity action no matter sub-stage they were in and the type of BMI.
6. Indexes from psychology, physiology and behavior aspects indicated that program targeting controlling obesity action plan, self-efficacy and self-regulation could effectivelypromote controlling obesity action.
1.防治肥胖行动主要受到防治肥胖计划、防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感、防治肥胖行动自我调节等3个心理因素影响。防治肥胖计划由行动的计划和应对的计划两个维度构成；防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感由维持的自我效能感和恢复的自我效能感两个维度构成；防治肥胖行动的自我调节由情绪的自我调节和行为的自我调节两个维度构成。
2.“防治肥胖计划问卷”、“防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感问卷”和“防治肥胖行动自我调节问卷”具有良好的信度和效度，可作为评定女大学生防治肥胖行动的可信、有效工具。
3.防治肥胖行动计划既可以直接促进防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感，也可以通过提高个体的防治肥胖行动自我调节能力促进防治肥胖行动意志自我效能感。
4.防治肥胖行动中，防治肥胖计划、自我调节和自我效能感以递归的模式对防治效果产生影响。
5.防治肥胖行动的心理影响机制不受个体所处亚阶段及其身体指数类型的影响。
6.心理、生理和行为指标均表明针对防治肥胖行动计划、意志自我效能感和自我调节能力设计的干预方案能够有效促进防治肥胖行动的维持。
Controlling obesity action‘s maintenance is a hot topic in the realm of combating obesity.On the basis of reviewing previous controlling obesity theories and empirical studies, thisdissertation firstly formed the questionnaires on psychological factors of controlling obesityaction in female college students. The reliability (internal consistency reliability, test-retestreliability) and validity (content validity, construct validity and predictive validity) of thepsychological factor questionnaires were also tested. Based on the tools, path analysis wasused to find out the interrelationship among the psychological factors. Consistency across thegroup (different sub-stages and BMI types) was examed. According to relationship foundfrom previous study, various theories (cognitive-behavior therapy, HAPA, suggestiveaccelerative learning, resource of self-efficacy) and the characteristics of female collegestudents, this study designed an intervention program. Lecture, relaxation training and grouptraining were used to enact the program among female college students (BMI≥24&formedtarget intention). Randomized control design was used to test the effect of the program. Baseon the analysis of above three studies, this dissertation generally discussed the content ofpsychological factors, the mechanism and the promotion of controlling obesity action. Themain conclusions were drawn as follows:
1. Main psychological factors that influence controlling obesity action were controllingobesity action plan，controlling obesity action volitional self-efficacy and controlling obesityaction self-regulation. Controlling obesity action plan consisted of action plan dimension andcoping plan dimension. Controlling obesity action volitional self-efficacy consisted ofmaintenance self-efficacy dimension and recovery self-efficacy dimension. Controllingobesity action self-regulation consisted of behavior self-regulation dimension and emotionalself-regulation dimension.
2.―Controlling obesity action plan questionnaire‖,―controlling obesity action volitionalself-efficacy questionnaire‖and―controlling obesity action self-regulation questionnaire‖hadsuperior reliability and validity, and these questionnaires could be used as female collagestudents‘measurement tools of controlling obesity action.
3. Controlling obesity action plan could promote controlling obesity action volitionalself-efficacy directly. It also could boost controlling obesity action volitional self-efficacy viacontrolling obesity action self-regulation.
4. Controlling obesity action plan could promote the effect of controlling obesity actionvia self efficacy and self-regulation in recursive pattern.
5. All female college students had the same psychological mechanism of controllingobesity action no matter sub-stage they were in and the type of BMI.
6. Indexes from psychology, physiology and behavior aspects indicated that program targeting controlling obesity action plan, self-efficacy and self-regulation could effectivelypromote controlling obesity action.
引文
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