员工组织支持感对其组织公民行为影响的研究
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摘要
知识经济时代如何对组织成员进行有效的、人性化的管理,增强其组织支持感,加强组织成员的组织公民行为一直是业界和理论界关注的焦点。解决该问题的前提应该是对组织成员所处环境的特点即组织的性质,还有组织成员的个性特点有深刻认识,同时也需对组织支持感和组织公民行为的理论和实务有全面、深入的了解。因此,增强组织成员的组织支持感和提高组织成员的组织公民行为有着很重要的意义。
本文将强制型、功利型和规范型组织的成员作为研究对象,在文献研究和实证研究的基础上,对不同组织类型员工的特点,尤其是其工作环境的特点进行了全面阐述,并对组织支持感和组织公民行为进行概括,将组织支持感分为四个维度:重视发展、工作支持、认同价值和关心利益;组织公民行为分为四个维度:敬业守法、自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为。
本文选取了组织支持感作为组织员工组织公民行为的变量,用来衡量组织公民行为在组织支持感不同维度下是否有显著性差异。为了研究在不同个人统计学因素下、以及不同组织类型和组织规模下,组织成员的组织支持感和组织公民行为是否有显著性差异,本研究还引入个人统计学因素作为控制变量。采用问卷调查和访谈来收集数据,借助SPSS软件对问卷调查数据进行分析。
通过研究得出以下结论:
(1)组织支持感的均值从高到低依次为重视发展、工作支持、关心利益、认同价值。
(2)组织类型在工作支持、关心利益、认同价值、重视发展维度上均存在显著性差异;男女在工作支持、关心利益、认同价值、重视发展维度上均存在显著性差异,男性均低于女性;年龄在组织支持感上存在显著性差异,55岁以上的组织成员在工作支持、关心利益、认同价值维度上的组织支持感显著高于其他年龄段的组织成员;工作年限在组织支持感上存在显著性差异,且11年以上工作年限的组织成员在工作支持维度上显著高于其他工作年限的组织成员;组织规模在工作支持维度上存在显著差异;组织成员的文化程度在重视发展维度上存在显著差异,且中等学历的组织成员显著高于其他学历的组织成员。
(3)组织成员的组织公民行为均值从高到低依次排序为:自我发展、敬业守法、组织忠诚、助人行为。
(4)组织类型在敬业守法、自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为维度上均存在显著差异;男女在自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为的维度上均显著,且男性均低于女性;18-30岁的组织成员在自我发展和组织忠诚维度上显著低于其他年龄的组织成员;组织成员的工作年限在敬业守法和组织忠诚维度上存在显著差异;组织规模在组织忠诚维度上存在显著差异,且10-20人的组织比其他组织规模的差异显著;组织成员的文化程度在组织忠诚和助人行为维度上存在显著差异,且文化程度高的比文化程度低的差异显著。
(5)组织支持感的各因子和组织公民行为的自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为这三个维度存在显著的正相关。
(6)重视发展和工作支持对自我发展有显著的正向预测作用,其中重视发展的预测力最佳;关心利益、工作支持和认同价值对组织忠诚有显著的正向预测作用,其中关心利益的预测力最佳;关心利益、认同价值和工作支持对助人行为有显著的正向预测作用,其中关心利益的预测力最佳。
本文在这些研究结论的基础上,结合国内外组织实际情况,对所研究的组织如何选取组织支持感和组织公民行为的注意事项,以及如何进一步提高组织成员的组织支持感和组织公民行为进行了分析,提出了相应的对策和建议。
The perspective that how to supervise the members of community efficiently and humanity,improving their sense of supporting their community has been a focal point to which the industrial field and theoretical field have been paying attention. The prerequisite to solve this problem is to have deep understanding to the members' personal character and the characteristic of their job,also need to have a deep and overall comprehension about the theory and practice of supporting sense and civic behavior of community.Therefore,improving supporting sense and civic behavior of community is of great importance.
The objects for our research in this passage are mainly the members of forced, profitable and normal style.The passage makes an overall interpretation of the character of members of different styles,especially the character of their working circumstance which is based on the research of documentation and evidence,and also makes a summarize of the supporting sense and civic behaviors of community. It divides the supporting sense of community into four levels:development focusing,work supporting,value approving and interest caring.Divides civic behaviors into four levels:work revering and law observing,self-developing,loyal to community and behaviors of helping others.
This article chooses the supporting sense of community as a variation of civic behaviors of community members to evaluate whether the civic behaviors make great differences under the four levels of community supporting sense.It also has introduced the factor of statistics as a controlling variation in order to check if there great differences in the supporting sense and civic behavior of community under the factor of different statistics,community types and ranges.Collecting dates by making polls and interviews,analysing data of polls through SPSS program.
Conclusions we have got:
(1) The mean value of perceived community support from high to low are as follows:valuing-development,job-supporting,interest-concerning and value recognition.
(2)There exist differences in community types on the dimensions of job-supporting, interesting-concerning,value recognition and valuing development;There exist differences in community types on the dimensions of job-supporting, interesting-concerning,value recognition and valuing development.The value of man is lower than that of woman.;There exists difference in ages on the perceived community support.The value of members who are over 55 years old is significantly higher than those of other ages on dimensions of job-supporting,interest-concerning, value recognition;These exist difference in service year on the perceived community support and the value of members who work for over 11 years is significantly higher than those who work less than that long;There exists significant difference in community size on the dimension of job-supporting;There exists significant difference in educational level of members on the dimensions of valuing development and the value of members of secondary education is higher than those of other qualifications.
(3) The mean values of members' community civic behavior from high to low are as follows:self-devdopment,conscientiousness,community loyalty and helping behavior.
(4) There exists significant difference in commtmity types on the dimensions of conscientiousness,self-development,community loyalty and helping behavior; There exist marked difference between men and women on the dimensions of self-development community loyalty and helping behavior and the value of men is lower than that of women;The value of members from 18 to 30 years old is significantly lower than those of other ages on the dimensions of self-development community loyalty;These exist difference in members' service years on the dimensions of conscientiousness and community loyalty;There exist significant difference in community size on the dimensions of community loyalty and the difference in organizations of 10-20 members is much more significant than others; There exist significant difference in educational level of members on the dimensions of community loyalty and helping behavior and the difference among those who are in higher level is much more significant than those of lower level
(5) There exist positive relations between the three dimensions:helping sense, community loyalty,the different factors of community supporting sense and the self-development of civic behavior
(6) Step up the positive predicable functions of development and work supporting when they apply to the self-development;Benefits-concerning,work supporting and being approved function positive predicable while benefits-concerning predicates best;Benefits-concerning,being approved and work supporting function positive predicable when they apply to the helping behaviors.Benefits-concerning functions best.
The article proposes the related countermeasures and suggestions on the basis of arrived conclusions.It also analyses the way of how to improve the sense of community supporting of community member and community civic behavior and how to set up the regulations they should be followed.All these researches combine the actual conditions domestic and aboard.
本文将强制型、功利型和规范型组织的成员作为研究对象,在文献研究和实证研究的基础上,对不同组织类型员工的特点,尤其是其工作环境的特点进行了全面阐述,并对组织支持感和组织公民行为进行概括,将组织支持感分为四个维度:重视发展、工作支持、认同价值和关心利益;组织公民行为分为四个维度:敬业守法、自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为。
本文选取了组织支持感作为组织员工组织公民行为的变量,用来衡量组织公民行为在组织支持感不同维度下是否有显著性差异。为了研究在不同个人统计学因素下、以及不同组织类型和组织规模下,组织成员的组织支持感和组织公民行为是否有显著性差异,本研究还引入个人统计学因素作为控制变量。采用问卷调查和访谈来收集数据,借助SPSS软件对问卷调查数据进行分析。
通过研究得出以下结论:
(1)组织支持感的均值从高到低依次为重视发展、工作支持、关心利益、认同价值。
(2)组织类型在工作支持、关心利益、认同价值、重视发展维度上均存在显著性差异;男女在工作支持、关心利益、认同价值、重视发展维度上均存在显著性差异,男性均低于女性;年龄在组织支持感上存在显著性差异,55岁以上的组织成员在工作支持、关心利益、认同价值维度上的组织支持感显著高于其他年龄段的组织成员;工作年限在组织支持感上存在显著性差异,且11年以上工作年限的组织成员在工作支持维度上显著高于其他工作年限的组织成员;组织规模在工作支持维度上存在显著差异;组织成员的文化程度在重视发展维度上存在显著差异,且中等学历的组织成员显著高于其他学历的组织成员。
(3)组织成员的组织公民行为均值从高到低依次排序为:自我发展、敬业守法、组织忠诚、助人行为。
(4)组织类型在敬业守法、自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为维度上均存在显著差异;男女在自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为的维度上均显著,且男性均低于女性;18-30岁的组织成员在自我发展和组织忠诚维度上显著低于其他年龄的组织成员;组织成员的工作年限在敬业守法和组织忠诚维度上存在显著差异;组织规模在组织忠诚维度上存在显著差异,且10-20人的组织比其他组织规模的差异显著;组织成员的文化程度在组织忠诚和助人行为维度上存在显著差异,且文化程度高的比文化程度低的差异显著。
(5)组织支持感的各因子和组织公民行为的自我发展、组织忠诚、助人行为这三个维度存在显著的正相关。
(6)重视发展和工作支持对自我发展有显著的正向预测作用,其中重视发展的预测力最佳;关心利益、工作支持和认同价值对组织忠诚有显著的正向预测作用,其中关心利益的预测力最佳;关心利益、认同价值和工作支持对助人行为有显著的正向预测作用,其中关心利益的预测力最佳。
本文在这些研究结论的基础上,结合国内外组织实际情况,对所研究的组织如何选取组织支持感和组织公民行为的注意事项,以及如何进一步提高组织成员的组织支持感和组织公民行为进行了分析,提出了相应的对策和建议。
The perspective that how to supervise the members of community efficiently and humanity,improving their sense of supporting their community has been a focal point to which the industrial field and theoretical field have been paying attention. The prerequisite to solve this problem is to have deep understanding to the members' personal character and the characteristic of their job,also need to have a deep and overall comprehension about the theory and practice of supporting sense and civic behavior of community.Therefore,improving supporting sense and civic behavior of community is of great importance.
The objects for our research in this passage are mainly the members of forced, profitable and normal style.The passage makes an overall interpretation of the character of members of different styles,especially the character of their working circumstance which is based on the research of documentation and evidence,and also makes a summarize of the supporting sense and civic behaviors of community. It divides the supporting sense of community into four levels:development focusing,work supporting,value approving and interest caring.Divides civic behaviors into four levels:work revering and law observing,self-developing,loyal to community and behaviors of helping others.
This article chooses the supporting sense of community as a variation of civic behaviors of community members to evaluate whether the civic behaviors make great differences under the four levels of community supporting sense.It also has introduced the factor of statistics as a controlling variation in order to check if there great differences in the supporting sense and civic behavior of community under the factor of different statistics,community types and ranges.Collecting dates by making polls and interviews,analysing data of polls through SPSS program.
Conclusions we have got:
(1) The mean value of perceived community support from high to low are as follows:valuing-development,job-supporting,interest-concerning and value recognition.
(2)There exist differences in community types on the dimensions of job-supporting, interesting-concerning,value recognition and valuing development;There exist differences in community types on the dimensions of job-supporting, interesting-concerning,value recognition and valuing development.The value of man is lower than that of woman.;There exists difference in ages on the perceived community support.The value of members who are over 55 years old is significantly higher than those of other ages on dimensions of job-supporting,interest-concerning, value recognition;These exist difference in service year on the perceived community support and the value of members who work for over 11 years is significantly higher than those who work less than that long;There exists significant difference in community size on the dimension of job-supporting;There exists significant difference in educational level of members on the dimensions of valuing development and the value of members of secondary education is higher than those of other qualifications.
(3) The mean values of members' community civic behavior from high to low are as follows:self-devdopment,conscientiousness,community loyalty and helping behavior.
(4) There exists significant difference in commtmity types on the dimensions of conscientiousness,self-development,community loyalty and helping behavior; There exist marked difference between men and women on the dimensions of self-development community loyalty and helping behavior and the value of men is lower than that of women;The value of members from 18 to 30 years old is significantly lower than those of other ages on the dimensions of self-development community loyalty;These exist difference in members' service years on the dimensions of conscientiousness and community loyalty;There exist significant difference in community size on the dimensions of community loyalty and the difference in organizations of 10-20 members is much more significant than others; There exist significant difference in educational level of members on the dimensions of community loyalty and helping behavior and the difference among those who are in higher level is much more significant than those of lower level
(5) There exist positive relations between the three dimensions:helping sense, community loyalty,the different factors of community supporting sense and the self-development of civic behavior
(6) Step up the positive predicable functions of development and work supporting when they apply to the self-development;Benefits-concerning,work supporting and being approved function positive predicable while benefits-concerning predicates best;Benefits-concerning,being approved and work supporting function positive predicable when they apply to the helping behaviors.Benefits-concerning functions best.
The article proposes the related countermeasures and suggestions on the basis of arrived conclusions.It also analyses the way of how to improve the sense of community supporting of community member and community civic behavior and how to set up the regulations they should be followed.All these researches combine the actual conditions domestic and aboard.
引文
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