公共管理部门中“关系”对领导—成员交换的调节效应检验
摘要
“关系”是中华文化中的一个基础性元素。在本研究中我们主要探讨“关系”对领导-成员交换与其前因变量的关联的影响。我们假设“关系”对领导-成员交换和成员外向性、领导能力之间的关联具有调节效应。研究样本取自中国的一些公共管理部门。我们将调查得来的数据分为高关系群体和低关系群体两大部分,然后用结构方程模型进行假设验证。研究结论显示“关系”对领导-成员交换与其前因变量的关联确实有调节效应。
“Guanxi”(personal connections or relationships) is a pervasive element of Chinese culture. In this study, it is presented which the effects of“Guanxi”on the relations between leader-member exchange (LMX) and its antecedents are examined. We proposed that“Guanxi”has moderating effect on the relations between LMX and member extroversion, leader ability. Sample is drawn from Chinese public management departments. Date was spilt into high and low“Guanxi”groups and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that“Guanxi”does have a moderating effect on the relations between LMX and its antecedent variables .
“Guanxi”(personal connections or relationships) is a pervasive element of Chinese culture. In this study, it is presented which the effects of“Guanxi”on the relations between leader-member exchange (LMX) and its antecedents are examined. We proposed that“Guanxi”has moderating effect on the relations between LMX and member extroversion, leader ability. Sample is drawn from Chinese public management departments. Date was spilt into high and low“Guanxi”groups and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that“Guanxi”does have a moderating effect on the relations between LMX and its antecedent variables .
引文
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⑾《孟子》,王常则译注.山西古籍出版社,2003,77
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⒀乔健.关系刍议[C].见:杨国枢主编.中国人的心理.苏州:江苏教育出版社,2006.82-96
⒁任孝鹏,王辉.领导-部属交换(LMX)的回顾与展望[J].心理科学进展,2005,13(6):788-797.
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⒃王辉,刘雪峰.领导-部属交换对员工绩效和组织承诺的影响[J].经济科学,2005(2):94-101.
⒄王雁飞,朱瑜.组织领导与成员交换理论研究现状与展望[J].外国经济与管理, 2006,28(1):30-38.
⒅温忠麟,侯杰泰,马什赫伯特.结构方程模型检验:拟合指数与卡方准则[J].心理学报,2004,36(2):186-194.
⒆许烺光.美国人与中国人:两种生活方式的比较[M].华夏出版社,1990.
⒇杨宜音.“自己人”:一项有关中国人关系分类的个案研究[C].见:杨宜音主编.中国社会心理学评论.社会科学文献出版社,2005.181-205 (21)杨国枢.中国人的社会取向:社会互动的观点[C].见:杨国枢,余安邦主编.中国人的心理与行为:理论与方法篇.台北:桂冠图书公司,1992.87-142 (22)周丽芳.华人组织中的关系和网络[C].见:李原主编:中国社会心理学评论.社会科学文献出版社,2006.53-87.
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(26)郑伯埙.差序格局与华人组织行为[J].台湾:本土心理学研究,1995,3:142-219.
(27)郑伯埙,林家五.差序格局与华人组织行为:台湾大型民营企业的初步研究[J].台湾:“中央研院”民族学研究所集刊,1999,(86):29-72.
(28)郑伯埙,刘怡君.义利之辨与企业间的交易历程:台湾组织间网络的个案分析[J].本土心理学研究,2002,4:2-41.
(29)郑伯埙,任金刚,张慧芳,郭建志.台湾企业间的对偶关系:关系形成与关系效能[J].台湾:中华心理学刊,1997,39(1):75-91.
⑴Anderson, J.&Gerbing, D.W. Structure equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach.Bulletin, 1988,103: 411-421.
⑵Baron R M, Kenny D A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychologicalresearch: Conceptual strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986,51(6): 1173~1182
⑶Blau P M. Exchange and power in social life. New York: Wiley, 1964:94.
⑷Bass, B. M. Bass and Stogdill' s Handbook of Leadership (3rd ed.). New York: Free Press,1990.
⑸Butterfield,E. China: Alive in bitter sea. London:Cornoet,1983.
⑹Cheng, B.S, Farh, L. J, Tsui, A. S. Guanxi, zhongcheng, competence, and managerial behavior in the Chinese context. Journal of Chinese Psychology. 2002 44(2):151-166.
⑺Chassie, M. B. Vertical dyadic linkage information: Predictors and processes determining quality superior-subordinate relationships. Dissertation Abstracts International,1984,46(1A): 199.
⑻Cronshaw, S.F.,&Lord, R.G. Effects of categorization,attribution, and encoding processes on leadership perceptions. Journal ofApplied Psychology, 1987,72, 97-106.
⑼Davis, H. China business: Context and issues. Longman Asia Ltd., Hong Kong,1995.
⑽Dienesch R M, Liden R C. Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development. Academy of Management Review, 1986, 11: 618-634.
⑾Duchon D,Green S,Taber T.Vertical dyad linkage:A longitudinal assessment of antecedents,measures,and consequences.Journal of Applied Psychology,1986,71:56~60.
⑿Dockey T,Steiner D.The Role of the Initial Interaction in Leader-Member Exchange.Group and Organization Studies,1990,15:395~413.
⒀Day D,Crain E.The Role of Affect and Ability in Initial Exchange Quality Perceptions.Group and Organization Management,1992,17:380~397.
⒁Deluga R,Perry T.The Role of Subordinate Performance and Ingratiation in Leader-Member Exchanges.Group and Organization Management,1994,19:67~86.
⒂Dansereau,F. Graen,G. Haga,W.J. A vertical dyad approach to leadership within formal organizations.Organizational Behavior and Human Perfomance,1975,13:46-78.
⒃Farh. J. L.(樊景立),Tsui, A. S.(徐淑英),Xin, K.(忻榕)Cheng, B.S.(郑伯埙). The influence of relational demography and guanxi: the Chinese case. Organization Science,1998,9(4): 471-487.
⒄Goldberg, L.R. A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-lever facets of several five-factor models. In: I. Mervielde, I. Decry, F. DeFruyt,&F. Ostendorf (eds.), Personality Psychology in Europe, v7 The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press,1997.
⒅Goldberg, L.R. International personality item pool: A scientific collaboratory for the development of advanced measures of personality and other individual difference.1998.[On-line]. Available HTTP:http://ipip.ori.org/ipip/ipip.html.
⒆Graen G, Dansereau F, Minami T. Dysfunctional leadership styles. Organizationalbehavior nd human performance, 1972, 7: 216-236.⒇Graen G B, Uhl-Bien M. Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi- level multi- domain perspective. Leadership Quarterly, 1995, 6 : 219-247.
(21)Graen, G. B. and Scandura, T. A. Toward a psychology of dyadic organizing. Research in Organizational Behavior,1987,9: 175-208.
(22)Gerstner C,Day D.Meta-Analytic Review of Leader-Member Exchange Theory: Correlates and Construct Issues. Journal of Applied Psychology,1997,82(6):827~844.
(23)Green S,Anderson S,Liden R.Demographic and Organizational Influences on Leader-Member Exchange and Related Work Attitudes. Journal of Applied Psychology,1996,68:298~306.
(24)Hall, R.H.,& Xu, W. Run silent, run deep: Cultural influences on organizations in the Far East. Organization Studies,1990,11:569-576.
(25)Ho, D.Y.F.(何友晖).Interpersonal relationships and relationship dominance: An analysis based on methodological relationlism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology,1998(1):1-16.
(26)Hollander, E. P. Leadership dynamics: A practical guide to effective relationships. New York: Free Press.1978.
(27)Hui C,Law K S,Chen Z X.A Structural Equation Model of the Effects of Negative Affectivity,Leader-Member Exchange and Perceived Job Mobility on In-Role a Extra-RolePerformance: AChinese Case. Organizatio Behavior and Human Decision Processes,1999,77:3~21
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